An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular...
Transcript of An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular...
![Page 1: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
gsmwsAn Opportunity forRural Cellular Service
Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, Sean Roberts, Anant Sahai, Eric Brewer
![Page 2: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thanks to...Tapan Parikh
Peter Bloom, Ciaby, and RhizomaticaSteve Song and Village Telco
David Haag, Scotty and Heidi Wisely, and the OA crewThe OpenBTS community
USAID, NSF... Many others!
![Page 3: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
RURALCELLULAR NETWORKS
![Page 4: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHITE MEANS NO COVERAGE
![Page 5: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHITE MEANS NO SPECTRUM IN USE
![Page 6: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ONE BILLION PEOPLE WITHOUTCOVERAGE
Source: GSMA
![Page 7: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
COMMUNITYCELLULARNETWORKSMicro-scale GSM networks that rural communities build and run themselves.
![Page 8: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
280 Subscribers$1,000/mo revenue
300,000 SMS/Voice Min.Critical Infrastructure
“Local, Sustainable, Small-Scale Cellular Networks”, Heimerl et al. ICTD 2013
![Page 9: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oaxaca, Mexico
![Page 10: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PROBLEMLimited room for CCNs in today’s regulatory frameworks.
![Page 11: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
So,
How should CCNs be regulated?
![Page 12: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
GSM WHITESPACELet CCN operators
use spectrum on a secondary basis that licensed carriers aren’t using.
![Page 16: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GSM WHITESPACESafety Don’t interfere with existing licensed operators.
Backwards Compatibility Don’t require new or modified client devices.
Spectrum Flexibility Avoid another “garage door opener” fiasco.
Independence Don’t make CCNs and Big Telcos talk to each other.
Trustworthiness Let regulators control what spectrum is used and where.
![Page 17: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
And why those goals in particular?
Why GSM Whitespace?
![Page 18: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Regulators CCN Operators Carriers
Safety X X XBackwards
Compatibility X
Spectrum Flexibility X X
Independence X X
Trustworthiness X
![Page 19: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regulators CCN Operators Carriers
Safety X X XBackwards
Compatibility X
Spectrum Flexibility X X
Independence X X
Trustworthiness X
![Page 20: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regulators
1) Control over emerging CCN trend➔ Put rules in place that encourage good practices
![Page 21: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Regulators
1) Control over emerging CCN trend➔ Put rules in place that encourage good practices➔ Incorporate a database for monitoring and control
◆ Gives long-term regulatory flexibility
![Page 22: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Regulators
2) Improved rural communication access➔ Current mechanism: USO
◆ Expensive◆ Ineffectual!
![Page 23: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Regulators CCN Operators Carriers
Safety X X XBackwards
Compatibility X
Spectrum Flexibility X X
Independence X X
Trustworthiness X
![Page 24: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CCN Operators
1) Stable regulatory environment➔ Small-scale businesses: getting shut down rare, but disastrous
![Page 25: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CCN Operators
1) Stable regulatory environment➔ Small-scale businesses: getting shut down rare, but disastrous➔ Stability encourages investment
![Page 26: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CCN Operators
2) Use existing client devices➔ GSM phones are EVERYWHERE
![Page 27: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CCN Operators
2) Use existing client devices➔ GSM phones are EVERYWHERE➔ In Papua, 1500 unique phones detected in village
◆ No power◆ No cellular coverage (yet!)◆ Primarily used for listening to music (not smartphones)
![Page 28: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CCN Operators
3) Little to no overhead➔ Yo ho ho! Pirate’s life isn’t bad
◆ Enforcement is unlikely◆ As easy as running an unlicensed network
![Page 29: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CCN Operators
3) Little to no overhead➔ Yo ho ho! Pirate’s life isn’t bad
◆ Enforcement is unlikely◆ As easy as running an unlicensed network
➔ Little power or ability to negotiate with carriers◆ Village schools aren’t going to send lawyers to Jakarta◆ Minimal formal economy
![Page 30: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Regulators CCN Operators Carriers
Safety X X XBackwards
Compatibility X
Spectrum Flexibility X X
Independence X X
Trustworthiness X
![Page 31: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Existing License Holders
1) Garage door openers, v2.0➔ Problem:
Make sure CCNs don’t become reliant on a particular channel.
![Page 32: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Existing License Holders
1) Garage door openers, v2.0➔ Problem:
Make sure CCNs don’t become reliant on a particular channel.➔ Solution:
Require CCNs to change channels frequently and proactively.
![Page 33: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Existing License Holders
2) Sharing overhead➔ Problem:
Don’t want to interact with 100’s of CCNs.
![Page 34: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Existing License Holders
2) Sharing overhead➔ Problem:
Don’t want to interact with 100’s of CCNs.➔ Solution:
Use sensing as primary sharing mechanism.Make database usage optional.
![Page 35: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Existing License Holders: Even More Incentives
➔ Share spectrum to fulfill rural service obligations◆ DB gives visibility into what spectrum CCNs use to provide rural service◆ License holders could receive credit for CCN activity in their spectrum
➔ Opens up new rural markets◆ CCNs prove rural markets, without investment from incumbents◆ CCN customers call incumbents’ customers: free money
![Page 36: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Nothing bad happens when a CCN uses unused spectrum...
➔ CCNs don’t have to talk to anyone
![Page 37: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nothing bad happens when a CCN uses unused spectrum...
➔ CCNs don’t have to talk to anyone➔ CCNs aren’t using spectrum anyone else is using
![Page 38: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Nothing bad happens when a CCN uses unused spectrum...
➔ CCNs don’t have to talk to anyone➔ CCNs aren’t using spectrum anyone else is using➔ Licensed users can still use spectrum as they please
![Page 39: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nothing bad happens when a CCN uses unused spectrum...
➔ CCNs don’t have to talk to anyone➔ CCNs aren’t using spectrum anyone else is using➔ Licensed users can still use spectrum as they please➔ Sufficiently low sensing threshold restricts sharing to
underserved areas only.
![Page 40: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
...but plenty of good does.
➔ Rural areas get communications service
![Page 41: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
...but plenty of good does.
➔ Rural areas get communications service➔ Rural entrepreneurs get a sustainable business
![Page 42: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
...but plenty of good does.
➔ Rural areas get communications service➔ Rural entrepreneurs get a sustainable business➔ Existing carriers keep building out their networks like they
always have
![Page 43: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GSM WHITESPACESafety Don’t interfere with existing licensed operators.
Backwards Compatibility Don’t require new or modified client devices.
Spectrum Flexibility Avoid another “garage door opener” fiasco.
Independence Don’t make CCNs and Big Telcos talk to each other.
Trustworthiness Let regulators control what spectrum is used and where.
![Page 44: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Crazy Possibilities -> Good Practices
![Page 45: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
DownlinkGSM850 (25MHz)
GSM1900 (60MHz)
Uplink200kHz per channel
GSM900 (25MHz)GSM1800 (75MHz)
![Page 47: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
DownlinkUplink
Carrier A Carrier B Carrier C
7 concurrent voice calls100’s SMS/min100’s active subscribers
![Page 48: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
DownlinkUplink
Carrier A Carrier B Carrier C
7 concurrent voice calls100’s SMS/min100’s active subscribers
![Page 49: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
I use channel A. My neighbors use channels B, C, D...!D
E
A
B
C
![Page 50: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
A: -90dBmB: -70dBmC: -93dBm
D
E
A
B
C
![Page 51: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Moving your call to cell B.
Bye!D
E
A
B
C
![Page 52: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
D
E
A
B
C
![Page 53: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
1996’s hottest gadget.
Also a cognitive radio.
(Thank you for the quote, unknown person from Qualcomm Research at a previous DySPAN)
![Page 54: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Key idea #1:Use phones to scan for in-use channels.
![Page 55: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Key idea #2:Constantly change channels to prevent squatting.
![Page 56: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Key idea #3:Use a database to monitor and control CCNs.
![Page 57: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ch. 20
![Page 58: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ch. 20
![Page 59: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Plz scan:Ch. 30, 40, 48, 70, ...
![Page 60: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
30: Clear!40: Clear!48: Clear!
30: Clear!40: Clear!48: Clear!
![Page 61: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Ch. 30
After a few hours...
![Page 62: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
30: Clear!40: Clear!48: -97dBm!
Ch. 48
![Page 63: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Note to self: don’t use
ch. 48!
![Page 64: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ch. 9830: Clear!40: Clear!48: Clear!
![Page 65: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
20: -95dBm!30: Clear!40: Clear!48: Clear!
Ch. 20Ch. 20
![Page 66: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
20: -95dBm!30: Clear!40: Clear!48: Clear!
Ch. 20Ch. 20
![Page 67: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Solution: Simulate Handover!
![Page 68: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Handover happens here.
![Page 69: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Someone else is on a channel we’re using!
![Page 70: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
We should switch to a new safe channel.
![Page 71: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Phones handover to the new channel.
![Page 72: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Worst case detection speed = cycle time
~90 sec
![Page 73: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
90 sec << rate carriers add rural base stations
![Page 74: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
90 sec = probably excessive
![Page 75: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Lab Experiments + Real World Deployment
Evaluation
![Page 76: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
github.com/shaddi/gsmws(Runs on OpenBTS)
![Page 78: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Detecting a new primary user
![Page 79: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Papua: Measured spectrum usage
In-use channel
![Page 81: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Papua: Measured spectrum usage
In use + “safe” chans
![Page 82: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Papua: Measured spectrum usage
Two detection events(probably spurious reports)
![Page 83: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Papua: Measured spectrum usage
➔ Switched channel every night, after power failures
➔ No impact on usage of network
![Page 84: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Future Work
➔ Field trial in South Africa➔ Applications in 3G/4G networks➔ Integrating location data from handsets
![Page 85: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Shaddi [email protected]/~shaddi
We’re looking for telco and regulator partners for GSMWS trial deployments.
![Page 86: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Backup
![Page 87: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
WiFi: WiNot?When all spectrum is plentiful, use technically best solution.
1. Lack of ubiquitous client devices2. High power consumption3. Lower capacity per base station4. Shorter range
![Page 88: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
WHITE MEANS 100+ EMPTY CHANNELS*
*A CCN needs just 1-2
![Page 89: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
COMMUNITYCELLULARNETWORKSMicro-scale GSM networks that rural communities build and run themselves.
![Page 90: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
ONE BILLION PEOPLE LIVE IN THE
WHITE SPACESource: GSMA
![Page 91: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
a = bootstrap_arfcn()bts.run(arfcn=a)while True:a = find_safe_arfcn()if need_to_change():bts.change_arfcn(a)
![Page 93: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
a = bootstrap_arfcn()bts.run(arfcn=a)while True:a = find_safe_arfcn()if need_to_change():bts.change_arfcn(a)
![Page 94: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
a = bootstrap_arfcn()bts.run(arfcn=a)while True:a = find_safe_arfcn()if need_to_change():bts.change_arfcn(a)
![Page 95: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service gsmws · 2020-05-02 · An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service Shaddi Hasan, Kurtis Heimerl, Kate Harrison, Kashif Ali, ... GSM phones](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070818/5f15fb2838e157233e15a177/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
a = bootstrap_arfcn()bts.run(arfcn=a)while True:a = find_safe_arfcn()if need_to_change():bts.change_arfcn(a)