An Ontological Approach for the Management of Rights Data Dictionaries Roberto García, Jaime...
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Transcript of An Ontological Approach for the Management of Rights Data Dictionaries Roberto García, Jaime...
An Ontological Approach for the Management of
Rights Data Dictionaries
Roberto García, Jaime DelgadoDMAG (Distributed Multimedia Applications Group)
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Contents
• Introduction
• MPEG-21 RDD
• OWL Mappings
• RDD Ontology
• Benefits– Integrity– Consistency– Other
• Conclusions
Introduction. Multimedia Content
• Identification
• Description
• Coding
• Business Models
• Distribution / Communication
• Digital Rights! (IPR, Intellectual Property Rights)
Introduction. DMR Issues
• Protection: Copy protection, Watermarking, …
• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules (Rights expression language)– Dictionary (Rights Data Dictionary)– Negotiation: Protocol– Agreement: Contract– Control : Passive and active
Introduction. DRM Standardistation
• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules
(Rights expression language)– Dictionary
(Rights Data Dictionary)
• Approaches: MPEG-21, ODRL, CreativeCommons, CopyrightOntology,…
MPEG-21 RDD
• Moving Picture Experts Group– MPEG-1: Standard for storage and retrieval of
moving pictures and audio on storage media– MPEG-2: Standard for digital television– MPEG-4: Standard for multimedia
applications– MPEG-7: Standard for description and search
of audio and visual content– MPEG-21: Multimedia Framework
MPEG-21 RDD• Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy• Part 2: Digital Item Declaration• Part 3: Digital Item Identification• Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection• Part 5: Rights Expression Language• Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary• Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation• Part 8: Reference Software• Part 9: File Format• Part 10: Digital Item Processing• Part 11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies• Part 12: Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery• Part 13: Scalable Video Coding• Part 14: Conformance• Part 15: Event Reporting• Part 16: DID binarisation• …?
MPEG-21 RDD
• Rights expressions terms definitions.
• Informal ontology.
• Set of terms and terms relationships.
MPEG-21 RDD
MPEG-21 RDD
• Term attributes:– Headword: name.– Synonym: alternative names.– Definition– MeaningType: Original, PartlyDerived or Derived.– Comments
MPEG-21 RDD
• Term relations:– Genealogy: inheritance, domain and range…– Types: class membership.– Membership of Sets: set membership.– Family: ActType to Context Model terms.– ContextView: Context Model semantics.
MPEG-21 RDD
• Context Model:
OWL Mappings
• Formalise RDD semantics.
• OWL Web Ontology.
• Map terms attributes and relations to OWL constructs.
OWL Mappings
Predefined in RDFS Schemardfs:commentComments
New property defined in RDDOntorddo:meaningTypeMeaningType
Predefined in Dublin Core RDFSdc:descriptionDefinition
New property defined in RDDOntorddo:synonymSynonym
Predefined in RDFrdf:IDHeadword
Kind of RDF propertyRDF PropertyRDD Attribute
OWL Mappings
rdfs:memberIsMemberOf
rdf:rangeHasRange
rdf:domainHasDomain
rdf:typeIsA
rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subPropertyOfIsTypeOf
RDFRDD relation
OWL Mappings
owl:inverseOfIsReciprocalOf
Inverse of rdfs:subClassOfand rdfs:subPropertyOf
HasType
Inverse of owl:oneOfIsAllowedValueOf
rddo:isPartOfIsPartOf
owl:complementOfIsOpposedTo
owl:equivalentClassowl:equivalentPropertyowl:sameIndividualAs
IsEquivalentTo
rddo:hasQualityIs
OWLRDD relation
RDDOnto
• Parse RDD FDIS Table 3 “Terms Definitions”.
• Apply mappings.
• Generate OWL Ontology: RDDOnto– Complete: RDDOnto OWL-Full– Constrained: RDDOnto OWL-DL
RDDOnto. OWL-Full
• Classes: 597
• Datatype Properties: 3
• Object Properties: 245
• Annotation Properties: 3
• Individuals: 811
RDDOnto. OWL-DL
• Ignore classes as instances.
• Class to Class relations as AnnotationProperties.– Relations for the Context Model.– Alternative: class Restrictions.
RDDOnto
• Example: Act hierarchy.
Benefits. Integrity
• Integrity problems (undefined terms).– Relationships: HasCoChangedResource,
icoInteractor, IsInteractorInContext, IsInteractorWith, IsInteractedWithBy, IsAllowedValueOf and IsDescriptionOf.
– Terms: ContextModelTermSet, TS_2, CategorizingEvent, Categorized and RenderedAsFixation.
– Spelling errors: PlaceOfCategorizeing, TimeOfCategorizeing and HaIsCategory.
Benefits. Consistency
• Performed by logic reasoning tools (Description Logic reasoners).
• Check inconsistencies: 320 inconsitencies detected.
Benefits. Consistency
• Inconsistency examples (1/2):– IsAgentActingOn has domain Agent.
Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has domain Relative but it is not superclass of Agent
– BegetsAgentType has domain AgentType.Its superproperty IsBegetterOf has domain Begetter but it is not superclass of AgentType
Benefits. Consistency
• Inconsistency examples (2/2):– BegetsTimeType has range TimeType.
Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range BegottenTerm but it is not superclass of TimeType
– Has has range Haver.Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range Relative but it is not superclass of Haver
Benefits. Other
• Facilitate MPEG-21 implementation: – Semantic queries. – DL classifiers for license checking.– Ontology integration (RELOntos-RDDOnto).
• Standard usability:– Graphical views.– Ontology editors.
• Etc.
Conclusions
• RDDOnto (OWL Ontology for RDD)– 2003: Contributed to MPEG, M10423– Used by DMAG Reference Sotfware– 2005: Update RDD FDIS– 2005: RDD review and extension