An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve...

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Transcript of An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve...

Page 1: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.
Page 2: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses.

You solve You solve scientific scientific puzzles puzzles through through observations.observations.

H ow do you solveScientific Puzzles?

Page 3: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.
Page 4: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Identifying the Identifying the problem can be problem can be as simple as as simple as asking yourself asking yourself ““WhyWhy” ” something something happens.happens.

You could be asking You could be asking yourself “yourself “WhyWhy” something ” something is not working.is not working.

Page 5: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Using your senses Using your senses to get information to get information (data) about your (data) about your

surroundings.surroundings.

Sight; tough; taste,Sight; tough; taste, smell; sound.smell; sound.

Page 6: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

You can improve your ability to make observations by using tools.

Page 7: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A A HypothesisHypothesis is an is an educated guess educated guess about what you about what you know or what know or what you have you have observed.observed.

Page 8: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

An An experimentexperiment with with variablesvariables is a is a common way to test common way to test a hypothesis.a hypothesis.

Page 9: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A A variablevariable is a quantity that can is a quantity that can have more than a single value.have more than a single value.

A A dependentdependent variable variable changes value as other changes value as other variables change.variables change.An An independent independent variable is variable is changed to determine how changed to determine how it will affect the dependent it will affect the dependent variable.variable.

Page 10: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A variable that does not A variable that does not change when other change when other variables change is avariables change is a . .A is the standard to A is the standard to which test results can be which test results can be compared.compared.

Page 11: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.
Page 12: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Three plants were placed in a Three plants were placed in a greenhouse kept at a temperature greenhouse kept at a temperature of 32of 3200C and allowed to get 9 hours C and allowed to get 9 hours of sunlight a day.of sunlight a day. Each plant was Each plant was given 8 ounces of water per day.given 8 ounces of water per day. Plant A was given 100 grams of Plant A was given 100 grams of fertilizer per day, Plant B was fertilizer per day, Plant B was given 200 grams of fertilizer per given 200 grams of fertilizer per day and Plant C was given no day and Plant C was given no fertilizer.fertilizer. What is the dependent What is the dependent variable, independent variable, variable, independent variable, constant, and control in this constant, and control in this experiment.experiment.

Page 13: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A Water = 8 oz Fertilizer = 100 g

C Water = 8 oz Fertilizer = 0 g

B Water = 8 oz Fertilizer = 200 g

= 9 hours= 320 C

Page 14: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Includes recording Includes recording observations and observations and organizing the gathered organizing the gathered data into easy to read data into easy to read tables, charts and tables, charts and graphs.graphs.

Page 15: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Data that is Data that is collected by collected by counting is known counting is known as as Quantitative Quantitative DataData

For For example example number number

of of raccoonraccoon

s in a s in a forestforest

AAny ny

informationinformationthat can be that can be captured that is captured that is not numerical in not numerical in nature is known nature is known as as Qualitative Qualitative DataData

An Example of An Example of Qualitative Data would Qualitative Data would be your school be your school classification: classification: Fr, So, Jr, SrFr, So, Jr, Sr

Page 16: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

For a hypothesis to For a hypothesis to be considered be considered validvalid, , the experiment must the experiment must result in the exact result in the exact same data same data every every timetime..

Page 17: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

If the If the experiment experiment does not does not support your support your hypothesis, hypothesis, youyou mustmust reconsider reconsider your your hypothesishypothesis..

Page 18: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A scientist must record A scientist must record exactlyexactly what happens during what happens during an experiment.an experiment.

A A biasbias occurs when what a occurs when what a scientist “feelings” change scientist “feelings” change how the results are viewed.how the results are viewed.

Page 19: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

represent represent ideas, events, or ideas, events, or objects that might be objects that might be too large or too small too large or too small to work with to work with efficiently. Models can efficiently. Models can either be physical or either be physical or computer generated computer generated representations of the representations of the objectobject..

Page 20: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A is an explanation A is an explanation based on many observations based on many observations and investigations;and investigations;

a is a statement a is a statement about something that always about something that always seems to be true.seems to be true.

Page 21: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A A standardstandard is an exact is an exact quantity that people agree to quantity that people agree to use for comparison.use for comparison.

Measurements must have a:Measurements must have a:

Page 22: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

The SI system is based on The SI system is based on multiples of 10 and uses multiples of 10 and uses prefixes to indicate a prefixes to indicate a specific multiple.specific multiple.

The International System of The International System of units (units (SI systemSI system) is an ) is an improved version of the improved version of the metric system used and metric system used and understood by scientists understood by scientists worldwideworldwide

Page 23: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.
Page 24: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.
Page 25: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

When you move up the stairs, - move your decimal 1 place to the left

kilo-hecto-

deca-UNITS

deci-centi-

milli-

1,000100

101

0.10.01

0.001When you move down the stairs,

- move your decimal 1 place to the right

Page 26: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

is measured using a is measured using a unit appropriate for the unit appropriate for the distance between two distance between two points.points.The size of the unit being The size of the unit being

measured determines measured determines which unit you will which unit you will measure in.measure in.

in measuring large in measuring large distances 21 kilometers is distances 21 kilometers is easier to deal with than easier to deal with than 21,000 meters21,000 meters

Page 27: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

- the amount of - the amount of space an object occupies.space an object occupies.

If you want to know the If you want to know the volume of a solid rectangle, volume of a solid rectangle, such as a brick, you multiply such as a brick, you multiply the length (l) times the the length (l) times the width (w) times the height width (w) times the height (h)(h) (V = l x w x h)

Page 28: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

How do you measure the volume of How do you measure the volume of a liquid since liquids have no sides a liquid since liquids have no sides to measure?to measure?

In measuring a In measuring a liquids volume, you liquids volume, you are measuring the are measuring the capacity of the capacity of the container that holds container that holds the liquid.the liquid.

The smaller the unit of The smaller the unit of measure. . . The more measure. . . The more accurate the accurate the measurementmeasurement

Page 29: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Mass is a measure of the Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an quantity of matter in an object.object.

You might think of You might think of mass as how much mass as how much something weighs.something weighs.

Page 30: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Time Time is the interval is the interval between two between two events; (example: events; (example: how long it takes how long it takes for an object to for an object to move from one move from one point to another)point to another)

Page 31: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

is a is a measurement of how measurement of how or how something or how something is, and is measured using is, and is measured using a thermometer.a thermometer.

For most scientific work, For most scientific work, temperature is measured temperature is measured using the Celsius (C) using the Celsius (C) scale.scale.

Page 32: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

Water boils at 100Water boils at 10000CC

Average Average human human body body temperatutemperature is 37re is 3700CC

Average room Average room temperature temperature is between is between 202000C C and and 252500CC

Page 33: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A is a A is a visual visual display of display of information information or data that or data that is used to is used to detect detect patterns.patterns.

Page 34: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

The is the factor The is the factor that as it changes, affects that as it changes, affects the change of another the change of another variable.variable.

The is the The is the factor that changes as the factor that changes as the independent variable independent variable changes.changes.

Page 35: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

A shows a relationship A shows a relationship where the dependent variable where the dependent variable changes due to a change in the changes due to a change in the independent variable.independent variable.

The The x-x-axis should always be axis should always be used for the independent used for the independent variable,variable,

The The y-y-axis axis should should

always be always be used for used for

the the dependent dependent

variable,variable,

Page 36: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

compare compare information information collected by collected by counting.counting.

Each bar Each bar represents a represents a quantity counted quantity counted at a particular at a particular time.time.

Bar graphs are Bar graphs are useful in useful in comparisons of oil comparisons of oil or crop or crop productions, productions, populations or populations or costscosts

Page 37: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

The The height of height of each bar each bar corresponcorresponds to a ds to a particular particular number.number.

As with a line graph, the As with a line graph, the independent variable is independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and the plotted on the x-axis and the dependant variable on the y-dependant variable on the y-axis.axis.

Page 38: An Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. You solve scientific puzzles through observations. H ow do you solve.

(sometimes (sometimes called pie called pie graphs) show graphs) show how a whole is how a whole is broken into broken into partsparts

The circular pie represents The circular pie represents the totalthe total

The slices represent the parts The slices represent the parts and are usually represented and are usually represented as percentages of the totalas percentages of the total