An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.
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Transcript of An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.
![Page 1: An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ecf5503460f94bdd7fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Introduction to PolymersDr. Sheppard
CHEM 4201
Fall 2014
![Page 2: An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ecf5503460f94bdd7fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Polymers
Natural vs. synthetic
Industries
What is a polymer? Monomer
Dimer
Oligomer
Polymer
Copolymer
Cl
+ + +
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Crosslinked
Dendrimers
Structure
Linear
Branched
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Copolymers
![Page 5: An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ecf5503460f94bdd7fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Properties
Structure
Size and MW
Density
Crystallinity
Strength
Biodegradability
Example: polyethylene
CH2
n
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
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Polymer recycling
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Polymer Classifications
Thermal Properties
Thermoplastics
Plasticizers
Thermoset plastics
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Polymer Classifications
Uses Elastomers (rubber)
Fibers
Adhesives
Natural rubber
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Polymer Classifications
Method of Synthesis
1. Chain-growth/addition polymerization
2. Step-growth/condensation polymerization
![Page 10: An Introduction to Polymers Dr. Sheppard CHEM 4201 Fall 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ecf5503460f94bdd7fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polymerization Reactions
1. Chain-growth/addition Radical
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Polymerization Reactions
1. Chain-growth/addition Acid (cationic)
Base (anionic)
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Polymerization Reactions
2. Step-growth/condensation
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Naming
Simple polymers:
CH2 CH2
Cl
n
n
nCl
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Some Addition Polymers
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Polypropylene (PP)CH2 C
CH3
H
CH2 C
Cl
Cl
C C
F
F
F
F
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Some Addition Polymers
Acrylates
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
Poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA)
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Cyanoacrylates
O
OH
acrylic acid
O
O
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
CN
R
O
O
CH3
OH
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Some Addition Polymers
Rubber
Natural rubber
Neoprene rubber
Butadiene copolymers
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Polyamides Nylon 6,6
Nylon 6
Some Condensation Polymers
NH
nO
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Some Condensation Polymers
Polyamides Kevlar C C N N
O O
H Hn
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Some Condensation Polymers
Polyesters Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Other polyesters
O
OHO
HO
terephthalic acid
HO
OH
ethylene glycol
+
CC O
O
O O
n
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Some Condensation Polymers
Polyurethanes Spandex
Other polyurethanes
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Polycarbonates Lexan
Some Condensation Polymers
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Some Condensation Polymers
Silicones (Siloxanes)Si
CH3
CH3
O
n
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Applications of Polymers
Choosing a polymer Design Other factors
Mechanical/thermal properties Synthesis Body’s reaction to polymer Biodegradability
Polyglycolide (PGA), polylactide (PLA), and copolymers
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Drug-polymer conjugate
http://www.neurospine.com/brain_gliadel.htmhttp://www.moffitt.org/File%20Library/Main%20Nav/Research%20and%20Clinical%20Trials/Cancer%20Control%20Journal/v5n2/article4.pdf
Biodegradable Polymers for Drug Delivery
Drug
linker
polymer