An Introduction to Organizational Behaviour
Transcript of An Introduction to Organizational Behaviour
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Section 1Section 1An Introduction toAn Introduction to
Organizational BehaviourOrganizational Behaviour
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How do you define anHow do you define an
organization?organization?
A machine oiled by money?A machine oiled by money?
A social space run by people?A social space run by people?
A network of relationships?A network of relationships? An office with machines and people?An office with machines and people?
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Different definitionsDifferent definitions
An organisation is a collection of people working togetherAn organisation is a collection of people working togetherthrough divisions of labour to achieve a common purpose.through divisions of labour to achieve a common purpose.
(Source: Wood et al. 2004)(Source: Wood et al. 2004) An organization is defined as a cooperative social systemAn organization is defined as a cooperative social system
involving the coordinated efforts of two or more people pursuinginvolving the coordinated efforts of two or more people pursuinga shared purpose. In other words when people gather anda shared purpose. In other words when people gather and
formally agree to combine their efforts for a common purpose,formally agree to combine their efforts for a common purpose,an organisation is the result.an organisation is the result. (Source: Kreitner 2001)(Source: Kreitner 2001)
(An organisation is a) consciously coordinated social unit,(An organisation is a) consciously coordinated social unit,composed of two or more people, that functions on a relativelycomposed of two or more people, that functions on a relativelycontinuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goalscontinuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
(Source: Robbins et al. 2008)(Source: Robbins et al. 2008)
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What is the important part of thisWhat is the important part of this
definition?definition?
The emphasis on peopleThe emphasis on people
Often seen as most importantOften seen as most important
resourceresource
Organizations seen as a collection ofOrganizations seen as a collection of
peoplepeople
Or a social unitOr a social unit
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However, organizationsHowever, organizations
Do not have to be a large group ofDo not have to be a large group of
peoplepeople
Work towards a similar or commonWork towards a similar or common
purposepurpose
May or may not share actual spaceMay or may not share actual space
May or may not interact on a dailyMay or may not interact on a dailybasisbasis
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Thought ProvokerThought Provoker
The ultimate limitation on humanThe ultimate limitation on human
aspirations lies neither in intelligenceaspirations lies neither in intelligence
nor in technology, but in our abilitynor in technology, but in our ability
to work together effectively in ourto work together effectively in our
organisations (Buchanan &organisations (Buchanan &
Huczynski 1997, p. 2).Huczynski 1997, p. 2).
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Organizational Behavior definedOrganizational Behavior defined
A field of study that investigates theA field of study that investigates the
impact ofimpact of
People, groups and structures onPeople, groups and structures on
behaviors within an organizationbehaviors within an organization
To improve overall effectivenessTo improve overall effectiveness
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Why study OB?Why study OB?
To discuss the impact onTo discuss the impact on
organizational effectiveness oforganizational effectiveness of
situationssituations
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A storyA story
A storyA story
Imagine you and a friend graduate from USQ on theImagine you and a friend graduate from USQ on thesame day, having invested the same time and effortsame day, having invested the same time and effortand achieved the same results in all your courses. Byand achieved the same results in all your courses. By
coincidence you are appointed by the same employercoincidence you are appointed by the same employerto exactly the same job starting on exactly the sameto exactly the same job starting on exactly the sameday. The first year goes by and you both work today. The first year goes by and you both work toexactly the same standard and undergo yourexactly the same standard and undergo your
performance review on exactly the same day.performance review on exactly the same day.Imagine that you get a promotion, a better office andImagine that you get a promotion, a better office anda pay rise as a result of your performance review anda pay rise as a result of your performance review and
your friend gets nothing not even a thank youyour friend gets nothing not even a thank you..
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OB will help you analyze the impactOB will help you analyze the impact
on your friendson your friends futurefuture productivityproductivity the likelihood they will quit (the likelihood they will quit (turnoverturnover)) tendency to take sick leave or not turn up attendency to take sick leave or not turn up at
work (work (absenteeismabsenteeism)) general attitude towards their work (general attitude towards their work (jobjob
satisfactionsatisfaction)) willingness to go that extra mile for thewillingness to go that extra mile for the
company (company (organisational citizenshiporganisational citizenship))
and the likelihood they will become a liabilityand the likelihood they will become a liabilityas a result of poor behaviour (as a result of poor behaviour (deviantdeviantworkplace behaviourworkplace behaviour).).
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Your friends unhappiness isYour friends unhappiness is
important becauseimportant because
Management is often defined as theManagement is often defined as the
art of getting things done throughart of getting things done through
other peopleother people
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How can you optimizeHow can you optimize
organizational performance?organizational performance?
Look at it as a wholeLook at it as a whole
Then identify its groupsThen identify its groups
Finally focus on individualsFinally focus on individuals In other words, there are threeIn other words, there are three
categories of human input:categories of human input:
individual, group and system levelindividual, group and system level
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What do managers do?What do managers do?
Functions: planning, organizing,Functions: planning, organizing,
leading and controllingleading and controlling
Roles: Interpersonal, informationalRoles: Interpersonal, informational
and decisionaland decisional
Skills: Technical, Human andSkills: Technical, Human and
ConceptualConceptual
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Influences on OrganizationsInfluences on Organizations
nowadaysnowadays
Workforce diversity managementWorkforce diversity management
Improving people skillsImproving people skills
Empowering peopleEmpowering people Coping with temporarinessCoping with temporariness
Innovation with changeInnovation with change
Ethical behaviourEthical behaviour
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A contingency model for OBA contingency model for OB
The dependent variables:The dependent variables:
productivity, absenteeism, turnover,productivity, absenteeism, turnover,
organizational citizenship and joborganizational citizenship and job
satisfactionsatisfaction Independent variables: IndividualIndependent variables: Individual
level variables, group level variableslevel variables, group level variables
and system level variablesand system level variables
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End of Section 1End of Section 1