An Internet Overview Cyberspace Explorations Class BOLLI - Fall 2005.
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Transcript of An Internet Overview Cyberspace Explorations Class BOLLI - Fall 2005.
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An Internet OverviewAn Internet Overview
Cyberspace Explorations ClassCyberspace Explorations ClassBOLLI - Fall 2005BOLLI - Fall 2005
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A Little “Pre-History”A Little “Pre-History”
• Before the advent of the modern Internet, a communications revolution dramatically changed how countries, companies, and people interacted.
• It has come to be called the “Victorian Internet”. What was it?
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““Victorian Internet”?Victorian Internet”?
• The Telegraph – Invented in the 1840’s
• Heretofore, information could move only as fast as a horse could run
• Now, messages could be sent instantaneously by wires established over vast distances
• Used extensively by the U.S. Government during the American Civil War
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Origins of the Modern InternetOrigins of the Modern Internet
• Arpanet/Darpanet (~ 1969) – US Government Sponsored Project.
• Developed to permit sending one-to-one electronic messages (Email) between researchers at physically separated laboratories.
• Also, developed to electronically transfer files from one researcher to another.
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• Principal Design Goal: establish “fail-safe” communications by creating alternate routes between computers.
Old Way New Way
Origins of the Internet Origins of the Internet (cont’d)(cont’d)
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• A special “protocol” (i.e., language) was developed known as TCP/IP to facilitate communications from “sender” to “receiver”
• Each message is broken into small “packets” each sent individually, then reassembled into original message by the recipient.
Origins of the Internet Origins of the Internet (cont’d)(cont’d)
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Origins of the Internet Origins of the Internet (cont’d)(cont’d)
• 19801990 – Email services are gradually extended to businesses and homes.
• World Wide Web (WWW) introduced in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee (recently knighted by the Queen of England and now associated with MIT).
• Berners-Lee’s work (at CERN research center in Geneva, Switzerland) developed software to allow electronic documents (i.e., Web pages) to link to one another.
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Origins of the Internet Origins of the Internet (cont’d)(cont’d)
• 1993 – World Wide Web commercialized by release of first Netscape Web browser.
• Today – Dozens of browser programs exist, the most popular being:
Microsoft Internet ExplorerMozilla FirefoxNetscape NavigatorOpera BrowserAOL Browser
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The
Inte
rnet
WorldWideWeb
Instant Messaging
(I/M)
What is the Internet?What is the Internet?
VOIP (Voice OverInternet Protocol)
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THE INTERNET
WEBSERVER
WEBSERVER
WEBSERVER
MY COMPUTER
ISP
How Does the Internet Work? How Does the Internet Work? – Yesterday– Yesterday
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THE INTERNET
WEBSERVER
WEBSERVER
WEBSERVER
MY COMPUTER
ISP
How Does the Internet Work? How Does the Internet Work? –Tomorrow–Tomorrow
MY TELEPHONE
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Evolution of the Modern PCEvolution of the Modern PC• 1975 – Bill Gates develops BASIC for first Altair
Computer
• 1977 – First consumer computers released: Apple I/II, Commodore PET, Radio Shack TRS80
• 1981 – First IBM PC sold for $3,500
• 1983 – First successful “portable” PC from Compaq
• 1984/5 – Apple introduced “graphical user interface” (GUI) with Lisa and then Macintosh
• 1986 – Microsoft Windows 1.0 introduced.
• 1991 – First “usable” release of Microsoft Windows (version 3.0)
• 19932003 – Seven subsequent versions of Windows released: 3.1, 95, 98 98SE, ME, 2000, XP
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