An integrated approach to water An integrated approach to water resources engineering resources engineering && climate climate

change for Asia Pacificchange for Asia Pacific

Computational Fluid MechanicsComputational Fluid MechanicsDr Garry TongDr Garry Tong

Asia Pacific’s unique location between Asia Pacific’s unique location between the equatorial Indian and Pacific the equatorial Indian and Pacific

OceansOceans

This presentation is an integration This presentation is an integration of: of:

Downscaling of global model Downscaling of global model resultsresults

Rising sea levelsRising sea levels Hydroinformatics catchment-to-Hydroinformatics catchment-to-

coastcoast Oceanography, meteorology and Oceanography, meteorology and

the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

GCM Models used in the GCM Models used in the Asia Pacific region for IPCC Asia Pacific region for IPCC 44thth AR AR 16 for statistical 16 for statistical downscaling downscaling 30 year period (1961-1990)30 year period (1961-1990)

Rising sea Rising sea levelslevels

IPWEA National Conference on IPWEA National Conference on Climate Change, Coffs Harbour,2008Climate Change, Coffs Harbour,2008

Expected 0.9 m rise by Expected 0.9 m rise by end of the 21end of the 21stst century century

fromfrom

J Hunter J Hunter Ways of estimating changes Ways of estimating changes in sea-level extremes under in sea-level extremes under conditions of rising sea levelconditions of rising sea level

Hydrologic Feasibility Study for Hydrologic Feasibility Study for Xuong Rong Lake, Thai Nguyen, Xuong Rong Lake, Thai Nguyen,

VietnamVietnam

flood mitigationflood mitigation rice paddy agriculture (irrigation, fertilization rice paddy agriculture (irrigation, fertilization

and drainage)and drainage) urbanization (septic tank effluent to urbanization (septic tank effluent to

stormwater system)stormwater system) use of comprehensive catchment model use of comprehensive catchment model

HSPF – hydroinformatics for ecological HSPF – hydroinformatics for ecological sustainabilitysustainability

Contours Contours added as a added as a layer in ArcGISlayer in ArcGIS

With ground contours With ground contours included as a layer in included as a layer in GIS, the enhanced GIS, the enhanced image can be image can be conveniently used for conveniently used for determining slopes for determining slopes for drainage paths for drainage paths for landuse parcels (with landuse parcels (with their permeabilities) their permeabilities) within subcatchments within subcatchments and the travel and the travel distances to distances to recognised recognised watercourses as key watercourses as key data in the catchment data in the catchment model. model.

Daily rainfall and evaporation data (1990-Daily rainfall and evaporation data (1990-2004)2004)

Transformations and transport of nitrogen

Seasonal trend of nitrate (mg/l) into lake Seasonal trend of nitrate (mg/l) into lake basin over 7 years of continuous simulation basin over 7 years of continuous simulation

with HSPFwith HSPF

Water Quality Improvement and Water Quality Improvement and Watershed Management - Parliament Lake, Watershed Management - Parliament Lake,

Kotte, Sri LankaKotte, Sri Lanka

SRI LANKA LAND RECLAMATION & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONSRI LANKA LAND RECLAMATION & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

Satellite imagery & GIS to be used on Satellite imagery & GIS to be used on 4000 ha4000 ha

Canal Network in Canal Network in ColomboColombo

Elevated coastal seas Elevated coastal seas around the coast of Sri around the coast of Sri Lanka are possible as a Lanka are possible as a result of the Indo-Pacific result of the Indo-Pacific warm pool. This will warm pool. This will adversely effect flood adversely effect flood characteristics characteristics throughout the Colombo throughout the Colombo Canal NetworkCanal Network

Parliament Lake

Buran Darat Marina, Sentosa Is Buran Darat Marina, Sentosa Is SingaporeSingapore

Flood and ebb tide flow patterns in Flood and ebb tide flow patterns in residential canals residential canals

The Indonesian The Indonesian Throughflow Throughflow (ITF)(ITF)

The flow of South Pacific The flow of South Pacific source water through the source water through the Indonesian Archipelago Indonesian Archipelago (ITF) plays a defining role (ITF) plays a defining role in the regions climate and in the regions climate and afar.afar.

Walker circulation over Walker circulation over the Pacific, a –ve IOD and the Pacific, a –ve IOD and a containment of the a containment of the Indo-Pacific warm pool Indo-Pacific warm pool leads to strong leads to strong precipitation over Asia precipitation over Asia Pacific.Pacific.

Measurement and Measurement and modelling have vital modelling have vital roles.roles.