An insight into downstream developments: Energy efficiency in
Transcript of An insight into downstream developments: Energy efficiency in
Global Unit Gas
An insight into downstream developments:
Energy efficiency in gas heating appliances
Werner Weßing, Head of Efficient Home and Building Technology
Kraków, 24/25 May 2012
Global Unit Gas
GIE, Kraków 24/25 May 2012 2
Contents
1. Requirements on the global energy market
2. Target in Europe: Increase share of renewable energies
3. Environmental targets in Germany
4. Market structure in Germany
5. Research subjects at E.ON Ruhrgas
6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
7. Conclusion
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1. Requirements on the global energy market
CO2 reductions
Primary energy reductions (e.g. improved thermal insulation)
Increase in renewable energy use (e.g. appliances, biomethane, hydrogen)
Predicted long-term rise in global temperatures caused
by increasing levels of carbon emissions
62
209
69 62
391
1444
763
157
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Kernbrennstoffe Kohle Erdgas Erdöl
Re
ich
we
ite
in
Ja
hre
n
Reserve Reserve + Ressource
Static lifetime of (global) conventional energy sources
Source: BGR / EWI / Prognos
Global warming according to IPCC
scenario A1B: 2046-2065,
Source: IPCC
Coal Natural gas Oil Nuclear fuels
Tem
per
atu
re d
evia
tio
n (
rela
tive
to
196
1-9
0) in
K
Sta
tic lifetim
e in y
ears
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2. Target in Europe: Increase share of renewable energies
Share of energy from renewable sources in gross final
energy consumption in 2008 and targets for 2020
Source: IE Leipzig
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3. Political requirements in Germany
20%
50%
18%
30%
45%
60%
40%
55%
70%80%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
Reduzierung des Primärenergieverbrauchs
(Bezugsjahr 2008)
Bruttoendenergieverbrauch,
erneuerbarer Anteil
CO2-Reduzierung
(Bezugsjahr 1990)
2020 2030 2040 2050
Reduction in primary energy consumption (relative to 2008 levels)
Gross final energy consump-tion (renewable share)
CO2 reduction (rel.to 1990 level)
For the heat market in Germany (buildings and technology) from 2010 to 2050:
total capital expenditure ~ 2,200 billion €
capital expenditure per year: 55 billion €
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4. 'New' customer groups
Differentiated offers required
Source: SW Bonn Energie und Wasser
Price-sensitive customers
Lifestyle
customers
Ecologically-
minded
customers
Will
ing
ness to
pa
y
Personal commitment
Today
Uniform
group
Yesterday
Many different groups with
very individual requests
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4. Building statistics
Heat market is dominated by existing building stock
Very old boilers
existing buildings
Accumulated heating demand of new buildings until 2030: only 5%!
2008 2030
634 TWh
511 TWh
existing buildings
0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000
4.000.000
5.000.000
6.000.000
7.000.000
11 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 >100 alle
Leistung [kW]
Anza
hl [
Stü
ck] 33 und älter
32-29
28-22
21-14
Source: Chimney sweep statistics for 2009
(excl. condensing boiler systems)
Source: Prof. Kleemann
Total: 9.2 million
boilers >14 years
Rating [kW]
Qu
an
tity
[u
nit
s]
all
and over
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5. "Appliance technology" responsibilities of the
Gas Utilisation Department at E.ON Ruhrgas
Applications &
Renewables
Local Power
Generation
Condensing type
Gas & Solar
MicroCHP
GHP Initiative
Fuel Cell
Smart Home
Appliance tests:
Laboratory tests
Field tests
to determine
energy efficiency aspects
environmental aspects
gas property aspects
economic aspects
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard appliances for single-family homes)
ηth: 0,92 - 0,98 *)
Gas-fired
condensing
appliance
ηth: 0,98 – 1,02 *)
Gas-fired condensing appliance plus solar
SPF: 2,2 – 2,9
~ 2,65
Electric heat pump
(air/water)
SPF: 3,2 – 4,0
~ 3,70
Electric heat pump
(brine/water)
Images: Viessmann, Vaillant, Buderus; data: ITG Dresden
*) HI,n
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(New appliances for single-family homes)
ηth: 0,80 – 0,82 *)
ηe: 0,11 – 0,13
Micro-CHP
Sterling
Images: Viessmann, Vaillant, Robur; data: ITG Dresden
Micro-CHP
combustion engine
ηth: 0,60 *)
ηe: 0,23
ηth: 1,20 – 1,50 *)
RoburViessmann
DesorptionAdsorption DesorptionAdsorption
Gas heat pump
Adsorption, <10kW
Gas heat pump
Absorption, <40kW
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
Ausgangszustand Öl
- 40%
- 55%
- 70%
- 80%
Ausgangszustand Gas
- 40%
- 55%
- 70%
- 80%
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
Öl-/Gas-Altkessel
GBW GBWSOL GBWSOL,HMikro-KWKMikro-KWKMikro-KWK L/W-EWP S/W-EWP GWP 1 GWP 2 GWP 3 GWP 4 GWP 5 GWP 6 GWP 7
CO
2-E
mis
sio
ne
n in
kg
CO
2/a
System
CO2-Emissionen im EFH Bestand, 2010 Energieträger bei gasbetriebenen Systemen: Erdgas, Bioerdgas (20% und 100% Anteil)
Erdgas 20% Bioerdgas 100% Bioerdgas
Ausgangszustand bis 2020 bis 2030 bis 2040 bis 2050
Minderung der CO2-Emissionen bis 2050 entsprechend dem Enrgiekonzept der Bundesregierung, Zeitschine
ηth=0,99 ηth=1,08 ηth=1,18 ηth=0,80 ηth=0,82 ηth=0,60 JAZ=2,65 JAZ=3,70 ηth=1,20 ηth=1,30 ηth=1,40 ηth=1,50 ηth=1,60 ηth=1,70 ηth=1,80
ηel=0,11 ηel=0,13 ηel=0,23 *) Bilanziell negative CO2-Emissionen, da Gutschrift für Stromerzeugung größer als Emissionen durch Biogasverbrauch
*)
approx. 36%
reduction
Source: ITG Dresden
CO2 emissions in SFH building stock in 2010 Energy sources for gas-operated systems: natural gas, biomethane (20% and 100% share)
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
approx. 35%
reduction
Source: ITG Dresden
Non-renewable primary energy demand in SFH building stock Energy sources for gas-operated systems: natural gas, biomethane (20% and 100% share)
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
18%
30%
45%
60%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
GBW GBWSOL GBWSOL,H Mikro-KWK Mikro-KWK Mikro-KWK L/W-EWP S/W-EWP GWP 1 GWP 2 GWP 3 GWP 4 GWP 5 GWP 6 GWP 7
An
teil
ern
eu
erb
are
r En
erg
ien
System
Anteil erneuerbarer Energien im EFH BestandEnergieträger bei gasbetriebenen Systemen: Erdgas, Bioerdgas (20% und 100% Anteil)
Erdgas 20% Bioerdgas 100 % Bioerdgas
bis 2020 bis 2030 bis 2040 bis 2050
Entwicklung des Anteils erneuerbaren Energien bis 2050 entsprechend dem Enrgiekonzept der Bundesregierung, Zeitschine
ηth=0,99 ηth=1,08 ηth=1,18 ηth=0,80 ηth=0,82 ηth=0,60 JAZ=2,65 JAZ=3,70 ηth=1,20 ηth=1,30 ηth=1,40 ηth=1,50 ηth=1,60 ηth=1,70 ηth=1,80
ηel=0,11 ηel=0,13 ηel=0,23
Source: ITG Dresden
Share of renewable energies in SFH building stock Energy sources for gas-operated systems: natural gas, biomethane (20% and 100% share)
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
Ausgangszustand Öl
- 40%
- 55%
- 70%
- 80%
Ausgangszustand Gas
- 40%
- 55%
-70%
- 80%
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
Öl-/Gas-Altkessel
GBW GBWSOL GBWSOL,H Mikro-KWK Mikro-KWK L/W-EWP S/W-EWP GWP 1 GWP 2 GWP 3 GWP 4 GWP 5 GWP 6 GWP 7
CO
2-E
mis
sio
ne
n in
kg
CO
2/a
System
CO2-Emissionen im EFH Bestand, 2020 Energieträger bei gasbetriebenen Systemen: Erdgas, Bioerdgas (20% und 100% Anteil)
Erdgas 20% Bioerdgas 100% Bioerdgas
Ausgangszustand bis 2020 bis 2030 bis 2040 bis 2050
Minderung der CO2-Emissionen bis 2050 entsprechend dem Enrgiekonzept der Bundesregierung, Zeitschine
ηth=0,99 ηth=1,08 ηth=1,18 ηth=0,80 ηth=0,65 JAZ=2,80 JAZ=3,90 ηth=1,20 ηth=1,30 ηth=1,40 ηth=1,50 ηth=1,60 ηth=1,70 ηth=1,80
ηel=0,15 ηel=0,25 *) Bilanziell negative CO2-Emissionen, da Gutschrift für Stromerzeugung größer als Emissionen durch Biogasverbrauch
*) *)
approx. 46%
reduction
Source: ITG Dresden
CO2 emissions in SFH building stock in 2020 Energy sources for gas-operated systems: natural gas, biomethane (20% and 100% share)
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
Ausgangszustand Öl
- 40%
- 55%
- 70%
- 80%
Ausgangszustand Gas
- 40%
- 55%
-70%
- 80%
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
Öl-/Gas-Altkessel
GBW GBWSOL GBWSOL,H Mikro-KWK Mikro-KWK L/W-EWP S/W-EWP GWP 1 GWP 2 GWP 3 GWP 4 GWP 5 GWP 6 GWP 7
CO
2-E
mis
sio
ne
n in
kg
CO
2/a
System
CO2-Emissionen im EFH Bestand, 2030 Energieträger bei gasbetriebenen Systemen: Erdgas, Bioerdgas (20% und 100% Anteil)
Erdgas 20% Bioerdgas 100% Bioerdgas
Ausgangszustand bis 2020 bis 2030 bis 2040 bis 2050
Minderung der CO2-Emissionen bis 2050 entsprechend dem Enrgiekonzept der Bundesregierung, Zeitschine
ηth=0,99 ηth=1,08 ηth=1,18 ηth=0,80 ηth=0,65 JAZ=3,00 JAZ=4,10 ηth=1,20 ηth=1,30 ηth=1,40 ηth=1,50 ηth=1,60 ηth=1,70 ηth=1,80
ηel=0,15 ηel=0,25 *) Bilanziell negative CO2-Emissionen, da Gutschrift für Stromerzeugung größer als Emissionen durch Biogasverbrauch
*)
Increased biomethane share
required to reach target
Source: ITG Dresden
CO2 emissions in SFH building stock in 2030 Energy sources for gas-operated systems: natural gas, biomethane (20% and 100% share)
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6. Intercomparison of appliance technologies (only gas )
(Standard and new appliances for single-family homes)
Gas-fired condensing boiler
+Low investment costs
+Low total annual costs
+Final and primary energy
savings in comparison to old
boiler
- No integration of renewables
if operated with natural gas
Gas-fired condensing boiler
+ solar thermal energy
+Tangible share of
renewables
+Higher final and primary
energy savings in comparison
to old boiler
- Higher investment costs than
for gas-fired condensing boiler
- Higher total annual costs
than for gas-fired condensing
boiler
Micro-CHP system
+Credit for the electricity
generated
+Considerable primary energy
savings in comparison to old
boiler
- Ecological benefits to
become smaller with expected
change of electricity
generation structures
- Higher investment costs than
for gas-fired condensing
systems
- Higher total annual costs
than for gas-fired condensing
systems
- No integration of renewable
energies if operated with
natural gas
Gas heat pump
+High share of renewable
energies
+Higher final and primary
energy savings in comparison
to old boiler
+Lowest CO2 emission levels
+Economic efficiency
expected to improve for
increasing levels of utilisation
- Investment costs still high
- Market presence currently
low
- Further technical
improvements required
Source: ITG Dresden
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7. Conclusion
New gas technologies (micro-CHP, gas heat pumps) are about to come into
the market in Germany on a major scale.
These technologies meet environmental requirements in the long term.
Compared with the current state of the art, some further technical
developments and a reduction in capital expenditure are required and
achievable.
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Energieträger
Kohlendioxidemissionsfaktoren in kg CO2/kWh
2010 2020 2030
Mittlerer CO2-
Emissions-
faktor über
20 Jahre
Strom 0,573 0,505 0,338 0,456
Erdgas 0,226 0,226 0,226 0,226
Bioerdgas, 100% Biogas 0,073 0,050 0,050 0,062
Bioerdgas, 20% Biogas 0,195 0,191 0,191 0,191
Bioerdgas, 25% Biogas 0,188 0,182 0,182 0,185
Energieträger
Kohlendioxidemissionsfaktoren in kg CO2/kWh
2010 2020 2030
Mittlerer CO2-
Emissions-
faktor über
20 Jahre
Strom 0,573 0,505 0,338 0,456
Erdgas 0,226 0,226 0,226 0,226
Bioerdgas, 100% Biogas 0,073 0,050 0,050 0,062
Bioerdgas, 20% Biogas 0,195 0,191 0,191 0,191
Bioerdgas, 25% Biogas 0,188 0,182 0,182 0,185
Ökologische Bewertung von GWP (CO2-Emissionsfaktoren)