An Industrial Perspective on Hydrogen Energy · Industry CCS/CO 2-EOR Power Plant Fuel Cell...
Transcript of An Industrial Perspective on Hydrogen Energy · Industry CCS/CO 2-EOR Power Plant Fuel Cell...
1Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute ©Copyright 2017 Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute. All Rights Reserved.
An Industrial Perspectiveon Hydrogen Energy
October 10th, 2017
Ayako MATSUMOTO
Fourth Annual EPRI-IEA Expert Workshop on Electricity Decarbonisation
OECD Conference Centre
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About MITSUI & CO.LTD.
• Since 1947 (the former company since 1876)
• Trade in a wide range of products and materials, engage in logistics, plant development, resource exploration and provide financial services
• 42,316 Employees (Consolidated) and 139 offices in 66 countries
Mitsui & Co.’s Business Areas
Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute is the in-house think tank of Mitsui & Co.Ltd.
• Established in 1999
• Implements “Business-oriented” research and analysis which provide Mitsui with Long-term business vision.
• Extensive field covering economy, politics, society, industry, enterprise, technology and innovation.
• 100 employees based in Tokyo and 7 offices in the world(Washington, NY, Dusseldorf, Brussels, Beijing, Singapore)
MetalsMachinery & Infrastructure
Chemicals
Energy
LifestyleInnovation &
Corporate Development
https://www.mitsui.com/jp/en
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CO2 Emissions in Power Sector of Japan
• Based on the Paris Agreement, Japan aims to reduce GHG emissions by 26% from FY2013 toward FY2030.
• The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan announced the energy mix plan for 2030, under which the CO2 emissions in power sector should decrease by 35% of those in FY2013
FY2013 GHG emissions by Sector
Source:GHG Inventory Office of Japan
FY2030 Power Source Composition
360 million tons-CO2*
*The averaged emission factor shall be 0.37kg-CO2/kWh under the energy mix plan with the best technologies
Power generation 488 million tons-CO2
Captive use (refinery products, cokes, gas) and others51 million tons-CO2Industry
TransportationTotal
1.3 billiontons-CO2(FY2013)
Energy conversion539 million tons-CO2
▲35%
Oil 3%
Source:METI
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“Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Strategic Roadmap”in Japan
Source: METI, 24th IPHE SC Meeting(2015.12)
• “Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Strategic Roadmap” was set in 2014 and revised in March 2016.
• Japan takes three-step approach toward the hydrogen society, (1) the dramatic expansion of hydrogen utilization, (2) the full-fledged introduction of hydrogen power generation and establishment of a large-scale hydrogen supply system, and (3) the establishment of a totally CO2-free hydrogen supply system.
2030: 800,000 FCVs
2020: 40,000 FCVsLate 2020’s: H2 price(CIF) 30 JPY/Nm3
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Potential Resources of Hydrogen• To realize to procure “CO2-free” hydrogen in 2040, Japan looks for clean and
cost competitive hydrogen resources globally.
• The availability of CCS and CO2-EOR technology is essential to integrate with conventional hydrogen production.
• In a short term, water electrolysis powered by low-price electricity is the most promising technology to produce CO2-free hydrogen at a scale.
Wind
power
Geothermal power
Natural gas
reforming
+CO2-EOR
Hydraulic power
Coal Gasification
+CCS
By-Product
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Hydrogen Supply Chain from Overseas
MCHMCH
Toluene
Steam Methane Reforming
Electrolysis
Liquefied
Hydrogen
Low temp(-33.4℃)
Cryogenic(-253℃)
Liquefied
NH3
Chemical tanker
LH2 tanker
Refrigerated chemical tanker
Dehydrogenation
Synthesis
Liquefaction
Industry
CCS/CO2-EOR
Power Plant
Fuel Cell Vehicles
• Recognizing the technologies of marine transport and hydrogen combustion are the key in large-scale hydrogen supply chain, NEDO supports the four projects, two for hydrogen carrier (MCH and Liquefied hydrogen) and two for hydrogen combustion at power plant .
Stationary Fuel Cells
NH3 direct combustion(R&D)
Purification
Evaporation
Decomposition
Gas
Tra
iler
LH2 lorry
(※)
(※)
※H2 could be carried to HRS as MCH,NH3 at HRS(R&D)
Re
new
able
Ene
rgyFo
ssil Fue
ls
Partial oxidation, Auto thermal
reforming
Gasification
PhotoelectrochemicalCells
Gasification
Thermochemical cycles
Solar
Biomass
Hyd
roge
n
Evaporation
Hydrogenation
Toluene
(71 kg-H2/m3)
(47 kg-H2/m3)
(107 kg-H2/m3)
Atmospheric Temp.
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Organic Hydride(MCH) as Hydrogen Carrier
Source: Chiyoda Corporation
• Project to demonstrate the scaled-up MCH/toluene cycleacross the sea is undertaken since 2015 until 2020
• By-product hydrogen from methanol refinery in Brunei is transported to Japan in the form of MCH.
• Decomposing MCH, take hydrogen and fuel to captive power plant at refinery complex in Kawasaki City
P
Partners
Power PlantMax.210t-H2/yr
in 2020
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Hydrogen Production Strategy with Electrolysis
Plant Capacity
Alkaline Electrolyser
High TemperatureElectrolyser (SOEC)
Co
stH
igh
Low
Laboratory/Pilot
PEM Electrolyser
Brine Electrolyser
Industry scale
• Economy of electrolysis depends on if its system can (1) reduce initial investment cost, (2) increase load factor with intermittent input, and (3) scale up plant capacity
• At production site, low-price electricity must be available at high rate.
~300,000Nm3/h
~1000Nm3/h
~40Nm3/h
€1=¥130
Source: Ford, Power to Chemicals/Liquids Workshop2016
NEDO’s Target ¥50,000/kW(€385/kW)
Investment cost
MaintenanceElectricity
Water
Hydrogen production cost at different capacity factors
Cost of hydrogen at different capacity factors
Electricity
Investment cost
Maintenance
Water
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Industry Perspective on Hydrogen Supply Chain
Technology for hydrogen transport across the sea using MCH/toluene cycle and liquefied hydrogen will be proven in the beginning of 2020’s, as well as hydrogen combustion at gas power plant. However, the commercialization by private sectors depends on the government incentive scheme supporting fuel cost.
Decarbonisation of hydrogen production process is essential so that hydrogen resources without CO2 emissions should be secured globally.
In a short term, electrolysis is the most promising technology with low-price electricity at high availability. Still, technology on scaling-up capacity and system integration with variable renewable energy must be developed.
In a mid-to-long term, CCS and CO2-EOR can be solutions, which should require the strong support by the governments to realize.
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Thank you very much!