An important fingerprint of wildfires on the European aerosol load
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AN IMPORTANT FINGERPRINT OF WILDFIRES ON THE EUROPEAN AEROSOL LOAD
Francesca Barnaba, Federico Angelini, Gabriele Curci, Gian Paolo Gobbi
CNR - Area Ricerca Tor Vergata12 January 2010
CNR - Area Ricerca Tor Vergata14 January 2010
ISAC-CNR, Rome, [email protected]
CETEMPS - Dip. FisicaUniversità dell’Aquila, [email protected]
[Barnaba et al., ACPD 2011]
EGU 2011, 4 April, Vienna
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… but a “bimodal” cycle is observed
AOT
Data Counts
AOT anomaly
AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS (AOT) IN ROME DOES NOT PERFECTLY FOLLOW A “SINUSOIDAL” YEARLY CYCLE …
http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/
ROME
[Yu et al., JGR 2003 ]
AOT is expected to have a “sinusoidal” yearly cycle
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AOT “BIMODALITY” IS A MORE GENERAL FEATURE OVER EUROPE
AOT and FFAOT @ 550 nm from MISR satellite
instrument also shows significant deviation from “sinusoidal” yearly cycle.
AOT max: April & Jul-Aug
2002-2007 average
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WILDFIRES IN EASTERN EUROPE ARE MOSTLY CONCENTRATED INEARLY SPRING & SUMMER
Example: MODIS Fire Counts 2006 Spring
SummerThese fires are mostly related to human activities (crops, forestry, …)
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WE COMBINE SATELLITE DATA AND TRAJECTORY MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF WILDFIRES ON EUROPEAN AOT
1. MISR AOT & Fine Fraction AOT (< 0.35 µm), λ = 550 nm, 0.5° x 0.5° Level 3 Monthly
2. MODIS, 0.5° x 0.5° Level 3 Monthly mean:
– Fire Counts, FC (counts/km2/day)
– Fire Radiative Power, FRP (MW)
3. HYSPLIT Lagrangian trajectory model (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov)
q
n1Tn1
n2
Tn2
FRPn2
FRPn1
Target Region
Combining 2 and 3 we derive a
Fire Weighted Trajectory Density (FWTD)
N
n thn
h
tFRPqFWTD1
)/exp()( 5 days
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MONTHLY FIRE WEIGHTED TRAJECTORY DENSITY (FWTD) 2002-2007
JAN FEB MAR APR
MAY JUN JUL AUG
SEP OCT NOV DEC
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FWTD YEARLY CYCLE IN PHASE WITH AOT & FFAOT
MISR AOT2002-2007 average
MISR FFAOT(~ no dust/sea salt)
FWTD
LARGER INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITY @ MAX
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IMPACT OF EASTERN EUROPE FIRES IS UBIQUITOUS.PORTUGAL FIRES LIMITED TO SOUTH-WESTERN EUROPE
Q1 Q2
Q3Q4
Eastern Europe (Q3) Fires
WMed (Q1) Fires
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CONTRIBUTION OF WILDFIRES TO FINE FRACTION AOT (FFAOT):ESTIMATED FROM DIFFERENCE WITH “SINUSOIDAL” FIT
OBSERVED MISR FFAOT
FFAOT_RB (fit)
FFAOT_WF = FFAOT – FFAOT_RB
“Reconstructed” FFAOT
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CONTAMINATION FROM INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT FROM NORTH AMERICA SIGNIFICANT ONLY IN SOUTH-WESTERN EUROPE IN SPRING
MISR FFAOT JULY2002-2007 average
MISR FFAOT
FFAOT_RB (fit)
FFAOT – FFAOT_RB
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
• A step forward toward a comprehensive long-term (2002-2007) evaluation of wildfires impact (mostly from agricultural & forestry practices) on European aerosol load: previous studies focused on episodic events.
• A combination of satellite observations and trajectory modelling show that fires (mostly from Eastern EU and European Russia) contribute to a continent-wide haze.
• In spring and summer, 10-30% of Fine Fraction AOT over Europe is related to wildfires.
• Clear target for mitigation: biomass energy production and air quality
• To be done: Evaluation of the impact on PM at the ground (air quality) – Preliminary estimate on PM10:
WF Fine Fraction AOT = 0.04Mass-to-extinction = 4 m2/g Column Mass = 0.01 g/m2
If PBL Height = 1000 mand Uniform distribution
Monthly mean WF related PM10 = 10 µg/m3