AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL …settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2018, pp. 1398–1409, Article ID: IJCIET_09_04_155

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=4

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF S GLASS

FIBER REINFORCED HIGH STRENGTH

CONCRETE PARTIALLY REPLACING

CEMENT WITH NANO SILICA

MD Ikramullah Khan

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR Engineering College,

Warangal, Telangana, India

M Sravanthi



E Laxmi Prasanna



ABSTRACT

Concrete is an extensively used construction material for its various advantages

such as low cost, ease of production etc. But it cannot be used alone everywhere

because of its low tensile strength. So, fibers both natural as well as artificial are used

as resistance strengthening of concrete especially against cracking. Researchers all

over the world are attempting to develop high strength concretes by using fibers and

other admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions. This study has been conducted

for understanding the mechanical behavior of S glass fiber reinforced concrete

replacing 2% cement with Nano silica. Studies were conducted on the compressive,

flexural and tensile strengths of concrete by varying the fiber percentage from 0 to 1%

by weight of mix, at constant 2% Nano silica in cement. The obtained results where

then compared with M40 conventional concrete. It was observed that the compressive,

flexure and tensile strengths increased with the increase in fiber content up to 0.5-

0.75% thereby indicating that 0.75% is the optimal fiber content.

Key words: S (synthetic) Glass Fiber, Nano Silica, High Strength Concrete

Cite this Article: MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna, An

Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High

Strength Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica, International Journal

of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4), 2018, pp. 1398–1409.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=4

MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna


1. INTRODUCTION

Concrete posses very low tractable strength, limited flexibility and little protection from

splitting. Be that as it may, it can't be utilized alone wherever in light of its low rigidity. In

this way, filaments both common and also manufactured are utilized as protection reinforcing

of concrete particularly against breaking. Most of the developments across the work have

been supported by continuous improvement of these admixtures. Hence variety of admixtures

such as fly ash, rice husk ash, stone dust and silica fume has been used so far. Nano silica is

the improvement or advance compare to the silica fume which is used in present experiment.

Nano Silica having a minimal effort spending plan, high compressive and elasticity, high

surface zone, capacity to forestall silicosis, diminishing level of CO2, Nano Silica

additionally helps in checking strong waste contamination when blended with reused solid

totals. As miniaturized scale silica exhaust are included cement to fill in the voids, diminish

the solid alkalinity, and expands its protection against the concoction assault. Concrete and

water experience concoction responses known as hydration responses: A bond molecule is

made out of four synthetic mixes in particular, Tricalciumsulfide (C3S), Dicalciumsulfide

(C2S), Tricalcium Aluminate (C3A), and Tetra calcium Alumino-ferrite (C4AF). The

hydrations of the initial two mixes with water prompt the arrangement of calcium-silicate-

hydrate (CSH) gel and calcium hydroxide (CH) otherwise called Portlandite. The CSH gel is

a solid bond and structures solid association between the solid particles. Then again,

Portlandite is a dissolvable item and drains out in water. It is a feeble connection between the

solid particles. The expansion of silica particles in solid blend changes over the frail CH into

more grounded CSH. Silica vapor refine the properties of cement by two means: its fine size

fills the voids between bond particles and the voids between concrete particles and totals; and

also they respond pozzolanically with CH to deliver CSH gel, expanding the coupling quality

and diminishing the fine porosity of cement. In this way it is settled that silica exhaust

increment the quality of cement and deliver a denser and more homogeneous framework. This

impact of silica smolder has been demonstrated by electron microscopy estimations. Silica

exhaust as talked about above are miniaturized scale particles. It bestows quality to the

concrete because of arrangement of dicalcium and tricalcium silicates. In the event that silica

is available in overabundance amount, the quality of concrete increments however in the

meantime it setting time is delayed. It compacts solid, making it more grounded and more

strong under soluble conditions like marine situations. It can likewise be added to cement to

settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material bringing about an extremely solid grid, or

utilized as flame retardant operator.

In the perspective of the worldwide supportable advancements, it is basic that fibers like

glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid strands give enhancements in elasticity, weakness

qualities, sturdiness, shrinkage attributes, durability, cavitation, disintegration protection and

serviceability of concrete. Glass fiber (or glass fiber) is a material comprising of various to a

great degree fine strands of glass. With the first E-glass filaments, durability was a major

issue since the glass separated and loses strength. The glass filaments utilized as a part of

Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete since the 1970s are alkali safe glass and the durability issue

has mostly gone. The rigidity of the glass fiber is higher than that of steel and the modulus of

elasticity is 3 times that of concrete with the goal that when you place stress into the concrete

the glass assimilates the vitality and won't enable it to split. Polypropylene fiber is

extraordinary for decreasing plastic shrinkage breaking however it can't quit splitting in

concrete. Strands impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to

fiber reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the fracture and

fatigue properties of fiber reinforced concrete research in glass fiber reinforced concrete

An Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High Strength

Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica


resulted in the development of an S glass fiber high dispersion that improved long term

durability.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Komal Chawla and Bharti Tekwani (2013) has worked on Studies of Glass Fiber

Reinforced Concrete Composites their investigation says that by adding glass fibers by

weight of cement by 0%, 0.33%,, 0.67% and 1%, for determining the compressive strength

and flexural strength by 7 days and 28 days age strength, the following conclusions were

drawn from test results. The maximum increase in the compressive strength of various grades

of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed 37%

and the percentage increase of flexure strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes

compared with 28 days flexural strength is 5.19 % also the workability has been decreased by

adding glass fibers percentage so a water reducing admixtures has been recommended to add

to get a workable mix.

Chandramouli et al., (2010) has worked on Strength Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete.

The following conclusions were drawn from test results, a reduction in bleeding is observed

by addition of glass fibers in the glass fiber concrete mixes and the percentage increase of

compressive strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days

compressive strength is observed from 20 to 25% also the percentage increase of flexural and

split tensile strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days is

observed from 15 to 20%.

Tanveer and Gopala, (2014) has worked on Strength Properties of Concrete by Using

Micro Silica and Nano Silica in the study strength properties such as Compressive strength,

split tensile strength and flexural strength of M40 and M50 grades of concrete with the use of

micro silica (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%) and Nano silica (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%) as partial

replacement of cement were studied. It was found from the experimental study that concrete

composites with superior properties can be produced using micro silica and Nano silica, the

following conclusions were drawn from test results cement replacement up to 7.5% with SF

and up to 2% with NS, leads to increasing compressive strength, split tensile strength and

flexural strength for both M40 and M50 grade.

3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

3.1. Materials

Cement. Ordinary Portland cement of 43 Grade has been used in this study. No expansion

was found in the soundness test.

Fine aggregate. Locally available zone II sand with specific gravity 2.68 confirming with

code book IS 393-1970.

Coarse aggregate. Crushed stone of 20 mm size having specific gravity 2.74 confirming code

book IS 393-1970.

Nano Silica. Nano Silica utilized as a part of the test program was gotten from suppliers in

Chennai, Tamil Nadu and is the basic assortment utilized as a part of the business with

specific gravity 2.2-2.4.

Super Plasticizer. SP-45 Super Plasticizer utilized as a part of the test program was gotten

from suppliers in Hyderabad, Telangana and specific gravity with 1.152.



S Glass Fiber. synthetic glass fiber consisting of extremely fine elements of glass that are

combined in yarn and woven into fabrics, these are Magnesium Aluminosilicate glasses (40%

higher than E-glass).

Water. The conditions specified in IS: 456-2000 state that "the water used for mixing, and

curing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar,

organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or steel." Potable

water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing concrete and hence locally available

potable water was used for all purposes. The pH value of water, was in no case than 6 as

specified in the code.

Table 1 Properties of Portland cement

Table 2 Sieve analysis results of fine aggregate

Table 3 Sieve analysis of coarse aggregate

S.No Property Test Method Value

1 Fineness Modulus Sieve Analysis

(IS 2386-1963 Part 2)

7.07

2 Specific gravity Pycnometer

(IS 2386 -1963 Part 3)

2.59

3 Bulk Density (kg/m3) (IS 29386 -1963) 1366

S.no Property Test Method Test

Result

1 Specific Gravity specific gravity

bottle

(IS 4031-part11)

3.14

2 initial setting

time

Vicat apparatus

(IS 4031-part 5)

40 min

3 normal

consistency

vicat apparatus

(IS 4031-part 4)

34%

4 Fineness Sieve test on sieve

no.9

(IS 4031 -part 11)

5%

S.

No

Sieve

tube

Weight

retained

in gms

cumulati

ve weight

retained

cumulative

% weight

retained

%

percenta

ge

passing

1 10 0 0 0 100

2 4.75 4 4 0.4 99.6

3 2.36 8 12 1.2 99.8

4 1.18 93 103 10.5 89.3

5 600 394 499 49.9 50.1

6 300 389 889 88.8 6.14

7 150 102 990 99 0.2

8 pan 10 1000 nil 0




Table 4 Properties of S Glass Fiber

Property Value

Filament Diameter (µm) 10±2.0

Moisture Content (%) 7.5±5.0

Strand Length (mm) 12±2.0

Density (g/cm3) 2.46

Tensile Strength (N/mm2) 4028-4650

Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) 89000

Ultimate Strain (%) 3

Figure 1 S Glass Fiber

Table 5 Properties of Nano Silica

Test Item Standard Requirements Test Results

Specific Surface Area ( M2/G) 200 + 20 202

Ph value 3.7 – 4.5 4.12

Loss on Drying @ 105 DEG.C (5) <1. 5 0.47

Loss on Ignition @ 1000 DEG.C (%) <2.0 0.66

Sieve Residue (5) <0. 04 0.02

Tamped Density g/L 40 – 60 44

SiO2 Content ( % ) > 99. 8 99.88

Carbon Content (%) <0. 15 0.06

Chloride Content (%) <0. 0202 0.009

Al2O3 <0. 03 0.005

TiO2 < 0. 02 0.004

Fe2O3 < 0. 003 0.001

Specific Gravity 2. 2 – 2. 4

Particle Size 17 NANO

Figure 2 Nano silica



3.2. Casting Schedule

Mix Design. In the present experimental investigation, M40 grade of concrete designed as per

IS: 10262 – 2009.

Cocncrete mix ratio: 1 : 1.97 : 3.58

Water Cement Ratio: 0.40

Various percentages of S glass fiber with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% by weight and 2%

Nano silica in cement.

0% SGF mix in the present work is taken as conventional mix.

I0 Conventional/Control Mix

I1 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0% S Glass fiber

I2 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0.25% S Glass fiber



I5 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 1% S Glass fiber

Casting of Test Samples. The program consisted of casting and testing a total number of 66

specimens. In this 36 cubes of 150x150x150mm and 15 Beams of 700x100x150mm and 15

cylinders with dimensions of 300x150mm were used.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Workability

Table 6 Slump Value for Different Concrete Mix

S.No. Mix ID Slump (mm)

1 I0 conventional 87

2 I1 84

3 I2 82

4 I3 82

5 I4 79

6 I5 75

Figure 3 Slump Values For Different Concrete Mix

65

70

75

80

85

90

I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5

SLU

MP

VA

LUE(

mm

)

Concrete mix I. D

WORKABILITY

WORKABILITY




As represented in the above Figure 3 and Table 6, the workability of the different mix

decreases with the increase in fiber content.

4.2. Compressive Strength

Table 7 Comparison of 7 and 28 days Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Mix

CONCRETE

MIX I.D

7Days

Compressive

strength of

cubes(Mpa)

Average

Compressive

Strength of

Cubes for 7 days

(MPa)

28 Days

Compressive

strength of

cubes(Mpa)

Average

Compressive

Strength of

Cubes for 28

days (MPa)

I0

32.44

32.88

48.88

48.88 32.88 49.33

33.33 50.66

I1

35.11

35.55

50.66

51.11 36 51.55

35.55 51.11

I2

36.44

36.66

54.66

54.66 36.88 55.55

38.66 55.11

I3

38.22

38.66

56.44

56.88 38.66 56.88

39.11 57.33

I4

35.11

35.11

51.55

52 34.66 52

35.55 52.44

I5

33.33

33.77

48.44

49.95 33.77 49.77

34.22 50.22

Figure 4 Comparison of 7 and 28 days Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Mix

By adding S glass fibers by weight of mix by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%

nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by

compressive strength on cubes is obtained at 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5

CO

MP

RES

SIV

E ST

REN

GTH

(Mp

a)

DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF CONCRETE

7 DAYS

28 DAYS



Table 8 Percentage Change of Compressive Strength for 7 and 28 Days

COCNCRETE

MIX I.D

7 DAYS 28 DAYS

I1 8.12% 4.5%

I2 11.49% 11.8%

I3 17.57% 16.36%

I4 6.78% 6.38%

I5 2.70% 1.37%

4.3. Split Tensile Strength

Table 9 28 Days Split Tensile Strength

COCNCRETE MIX I.D 28 days split tensile strength Average(Mpa)

I0 M40(conventional mix) 4.24 4.38

4.38

4.52

I1 4.52 4.66

4.66

4.81

I2 4.6 4.86

4.8

5.20

I3 5.37 5.56

5.51

5.80

I4 5.84 6.23

6.24

6.63

I5 5.15 5.136

5.20

5.06

Table 10 Percentage Change in Tensile Strength for 28 Days

COCNCRETE MIX I.D 28 Days Change in Strength

I1 6.4%

I2 10.95%

I3 26.94%

I4 42.23%

I5 17.26%

By adding S glass fibers by weigh of cement by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%

nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by split

tensile strength on cylinder is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.




Figure 5 28 Days Split Tensile Test for Different Concrete Mix

4.4. Flexural Strength

Table 11 28 Days Flexural Strength

Designation 28 days flexural strength Average(Mpa)

I0 3.55 3.906

3.91

4.26

I1 4.26

4.503 4.44

4.8

I2 5.3 5.1

4.9

5.1

I3 5.15 5.39

5.33

5.68

I4 5.8 6.03

6

6.3

I5 5.65 5.66

5.42

6.01

Table 12 Percentage Change in Flexural Strength for 28 days

WF 28 days change in strength

I1 15.28%

I2 30.7%

I3 38.25%

I4 54.6%

I5 45.12%

.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

I1 I2 I3 I4 I5

SPLI

T TE

NSI

LE S

TREN

GTH

(M

pa)

DIFFERENT CONCRETE PROPORTIONS

28 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE TEST



Figure 1 28 Days Flexural Test for Different Concrete Mix

By adding S glass fibers by weigh of cement by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%

Nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by

flexural strength on beams is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.

5. CONCLUSIONS

The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by compressive test

on cube is obtained at 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 7 days compressive

strength is 38.66MPa and 28 days compressive strength is 56.88MPa.

Up to 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica, there is a gradual increase in Strength at 28 days

similar to the compressive strength of 7 days. And then there is a gradual decrease of

compressive strength. This may be due to increase of fibrous material in concrete. From the

test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 17% of compressive strength by

utilization of 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.

The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by split tensile test

on cylinder is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 28 days split

tensile strength is 6.23 MPa.

From the test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 42% of tensile strength by

utilization of 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.

The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by flexural test on

beam is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 28 days split tensile

strength is 6.03 MPa.

From the test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 54% of flexural strength by

utilization of 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.

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0

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I1 I2 I3 I4 I5FLEX

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(M

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL …settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material...

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