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Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature –

An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with

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© 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or

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Author

Nadir Ali Shah

Co-Author and Technical Review

Naveed Ali Soomro

Review and Editing

Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan

Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan

Photographs

IUCN, Zahoor Salmi

Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan

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Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan

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Table of ContentsChapter-1: Overview of Ecotourism and

Sindh Coast .................................................... 02

1.1 Understanding ecotourism...................... 02

1.2 Key principles of ecotourism................... 03

1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism .................. 04

1.4 Identifying ecotourism

opportunities along Sindh coast ............. 06

Chapter-2: Ecotourism at Sandspit.............. 08

2.1 Overview of Sandspit .............................. 08

2.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism

destinations ............................................. 09

2.3 Ecotourism activities ............................... 09

2.4 Key stakeholders..................................... 11

2.5 Ecotourism packages.............................. 11

Chapter-3: Ecotourism at Rehri.................... 14

3.1 Overview of Rehri .................................... 14


destinations ............................................. 14




Chapter-4: Ecotourism at Cape Monze ....... 18

4.1 Overview of Cape Monze ........................ 18


destinations ............................................. 18




Chapter-5: Ecotourism at Keti Bunder ........ 24

5.1 Overview of Keti Bunder.......................... 24

5.2 Accessibility and key

eco-destinations...................................... 25




Chapter-6: Ecotourism guidelines and

visitor satisfaction ......................................... 30

6.1 Ecotourism experience............................ 30

6.2 Nature tour guidelines ............................. 31

6.3 Legal requirements and procedures........ 34

6.4 Operations and safety ............................. 34

6.5 Achieving visitor satisfaction ................... 35

2

1.1 Understanding

ecotourismEcotourism is an ethical and

responsible form of tourism

which provides an opportunity for

healthy recreational activities and

adventure. It explores the

ecological, cultural, historical and

archaeological treasures of a

natural area while preserving its

integrity and enhancing economic

development opportunities for

local communities.

Ecotourism means different

things to different people. To

some, it is the general term that

encompasses nature‐based

adventure, soft adventure, and

cultural tourism. We’ll explore

those terms below. To others, the

term ecotourism means

ecologically sustainable, low

impact, culturally sensitive,

learning‐oriented, and

community supporting tourism. In

other words, ecotourism is

small‐scale, compatible with the

environment, educational, and

provides benefits to the

communities in or close to which

it occurs. It is often contrasted

with mass tourism.

Chapter-1

Overview of Ecotourism and Sindh Coast

responsible business, which

works cooperatively with

local authorities and people

to meet local needs and

deliver conservation

benefits.

- Direct revenues to the

conservation and

management of natural and

protected areas.

- Emphasize the need for

regional tourism zoning and

for visitor management

plans designed for either

regions or natural areas that

are slated to become eco-

destinations.

- Emphasize use of

environmental and social

base-line studies, as well as

long-term monitoring

programmes, to assess and

minimize impacts.

- Strive to maximize

economic benefit for the

host country, local business

and communities,

particularly people living in

and adjacent to natural and

protected areas.

- Seek to ensure that tourism

development does not

exceed the social and

environmental limits of

acceptable change as

determined by researchers

in cooperation with local

residents.

- Rely on infrastructure that

has been developed in

harmony with the

environment, minimizing use

of fossil fuels, conserving

3

Sustainablility is defined as

“meeting the needs of the

present without compromising

the ability of future generations

to meet their needs.” Another

view holds that sustainable

tourism is “travel to natural

areas that is beneficial to local

economies, respectful of the

environment, and sensitive to

indigenous cultures.”

1.2 Key principles of

ecotourismBecause ecotourism was

originally just an idea, not a

discipline, many businesses and

governments promoted it

without an understanding of its

most basic principles. Each

region engaging in ecotourism

should develop its own

principles, guidelines and

certification procedures based

on the materials already

available internationally. This

process of creating international

certification guidelines is far

from being completed.

Main features of ecotourism:

- Minimize the negative

impacts on nature and

culture that can damage a

destination.

- Educate the traveller on the

importance of conservation.

- Stress the importance of

local plants and wildlife, and blending with the

natural and cultural environment.

1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism

- Ecotour

By definition, an ecotour is a visit to a scenic or

ecologically important area while attempting to

minimize the negative impacts on the environment

and on the local habitat or inhabitants. It also

entails a visit to an area that either contributes to

the protection of the environment or minimizes

damage to it. Ecotours, therefore, require

adequate planning and accessibility to resources

so that there are no barriers in arranging travel to

the desired destination. Globally, ecotours are

created in a well-planned manner with an

interactive learning experience. It introduces small

groups of travellers to unique environments and

cultures while minimizing environmental impacts

and supporting conservation efforts. Ecotours are

now arranged by local or international operators,

may have a seasonal run, and are organised by

family and medium scale operators alike, as well

as highly organised groups. The business

generated through these ecotours can run into

millions of dollars and in some cases maybe a

source of revenue for countries.

For a well-planned ecotour, adequate planning is

required and the traveller must have prior

information about the culture, biodiversity and

environment of the area to be visited. Such

travellers should be informed about dress code to

be followed and properly briefed on arrival at the

destinations on the dos and don’ts. Well-trained

nature guides are necessarily required in a well-

designed ecotour, which may involve interaction

with communities as well.

In the case of Sindh, adequate planning is

required for arranging any ecotours to the

selected sites. This may include a visit to a

mangrove ecosystem, which requires special

shoes and gear to visit the mudflats and walk

among pneumatophores. A similar visit to Cape

Monze in Karachi requires trekking gear and

equipment for study of underwater biodiversity.

- Eco-destination

In general, plans for ecotours are made for areas

whose ecological, historical or archaeological

significance is well established and must have

adequate arrangements and facilities for tourists

to visit key attractions. For example, if an ecotour

destination has a particular iconic animal, then

ecotourists may be able to see that animal in the

wild or witnesses some evidence of the presence

of that animal. If this doesn’t happen, then the

eco-destination may not serve the purpose of

satisfying the need of the eco-tourists who

typically look for experiences that provide a sense

of closeness to nature. Such destinations will

attract more ecotourists where there is an

appropriate interaction with the local

communities, as it gives ecotourists a sense of

integration with local communities. Large

ecotourism setups are planned with built up,

walled-in complexes, golf courses, clubs and

other similar arrangements which possibly make

these eco-destinations appropriate. Although no

guideline of a typical eco-destination is available,

the basic principle is that such a site attracts

ecotourists because of the diversity of habitat, its

historical importance or because of significant

archaeological remains.

It is essential that an eco-destination should have

natural features conserved within a protected

landscape and if any development is made, it

should not impact negatively on it. It must also

be ensured that eco-tourism is not harming

natural systems such as creek areas, mudflats

and wildlife hotspots. However, the eco-

destination must have facilities for tourists, such

as public showers and toilets as well as

restaurants and eateries. Along the Sindh coast, a

few sites have been proposed as eco-

destinations where such infrastructure needs to

placed, otherwise, the eco-destinations will not

be attractive to a large number of travellers.

- Eco-lodge

Lodging facilities are required at eco-destinations,

if these are located far from any major population

centre. A Eco-lodge needs to be constructed and

5

managed with the aim that it conserves the

surrounding environment, both natural as well as

cultural. It should be ensured that during the

construction, completion and operational phases,

there is minimal or no impact on the natural

surroundings. Eco-lodges should be developed to

enhance aesthetic value, and fit into the physical

and cultural context with proper landscaping and

colour selection. Preferably locally architecture

needs to be adopted. These eco-lodges should

not be a burden on the environment in terms of

water use, water extraction and sewage and solid

waste disposal. Eco-lodges must contribute to

sustainable local development and endeavour to

involve local communities in the form of local eco-

guides.

In the case of Sindh, no adequate eco-lodges are

available at any of the proposed sites. However,

the eco-lodges should be established as per the

requirement and flow of travellers and visitors to

the site. This will not only enhance ecotourism,

but will also be a good source of income

generation for the local population.

1.4 Identifying ecotourism

opportunities along the

Sindh coastThere are a great number of ecotourism

opportunities along the Sindh coast which are

described under the following three categories.

6

- Nature based attractions

Nature‐based tourism consists of taking visitors

to see, photograph and experience natural

features or wildlife along the coast. It is

sometimes called wildlife viewing wildlife tourism,

or geo‐tourism. Examples are dolphin viewing,

bird watching, and mangroves watching.

Visitor surveys show that tourists come to the

Sindh coast to see wildlife. Pristine lagoons,

creeks and coastlines can also serve as the basis

for a nature‐based tourism business in Sindh.

- Adventure based attractions

Adventure tourism usually means activities that

include an element of danger but are generally

safe and do not require special training on the

part of clients. These activities are not considered

to be so difficult that most visitors would be

unable to participate. Extreme adventure includes

more demanding and hazardous activities such as

SCUBA diving, and boat riding, among others.

- Cultural attractions

Cultural tourism is another form of ecotourism,

and has great potential along the Sindh coast. It

can also be called heritage tourism. it includes

experiencing the arts, heritage, and special

character of a place. Heritage or cultural tourism

showcases material culture, such as handicrafts,

and intangible culture such as subsistence

activities, traditional cuisine and native dancing.

Examples of cultural attractions include bon fires,

traditional cuisine, artwork and handicrafts,

among others.

7

8

2.1 Overview of SandspitIn Pakistan, the most important

nesting beach for marine turtles is

located at Sandspit (Hawkes Bay)

near Karachi. The beach lies

about 15km southwest of

Karachi. It is estimated that about

6,000 green turtles nest at

Hawksbay–Sandspit annually1. In

addition, about 200 olive Ridley

turtle used to nest this beach but

unfortunately, no nesting of olive

Ridley turtle has been reported

from Sandspit or any other beach

along Pakistan for the last 12

years. In addition, about 200

Olive Ridley turtles used on this

beach in the past; however, no

such nesting has been reported

from Sandspit or any other beach

along the Pakistan coast over the

last 12 years.

The backwaters of Sandspit are

located at the extreme end of

Manora Channel on which

Karachi Port is located. These

backwaters are well known for

their mudflats and mangroves.

Only one species of mangroves

Chapter-2

Ecotourism at Sandspit

1. Firdous F. Sea turtle education and conservation in Karachi, Pakistan. ASEAN

Reviews of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC) 2001.

9

Younasbad, turns west at

Kakapir village, and connects to

Hawksbay Drive along Sandspit

beach. Alternatively, driving on

Mauripur Road after crossing

Mauripur, it turns west and

continue till Hawksbay Drive.

Turning left from Edi Chowk, if

one takes a left turn on

Hawksbay Drive, it will reach

Sandspit beach.

Important destinations along

Sandspit are limited, but include

the turtle beach, Kakapir, rocky

ledge at Kakapir, Manora

approaches and Sandspit-

Hawksbay sandy shore. Since

Sandspit beach is limited to a

small stretch of about 10 km, it

is considered a package of the

above-mentioned destinations.

2.3 Ecotourism activitiesDespite immense potential,

ecotourism activities at

Sandspit are limited to a few

such excursions in a year. The

need for organizing regular

ecotourism activities in the

Sandspit area cannot be over

emphasized. The following

important activities could be

conducted. A brief description

of each activity is given below.

- Beach Leisure and Turtle

Watch

Sandspit beach is a marvellous

place where hundreds of Green

and Olive Ridley turtles come

ashore every year for nesting.

Visitors can watch the turtle

coming ashore, digging pits and

laying its eggs; and if they are

lucky enough, they may see the

baby turtles hatch and travel

back to the sea with magical

movements.

Season: August through January

(Avicennia marina) grows

profusely in the area. In

addition, a large variety of

marine birds use the mudflat for

feeding and breeding.

Flamingos, pelicans, terns, gull

and waders can be seen in large

numbers in the area. About 114

species of birds have been

reported from the area, among

which the majority are

migratory, and 66 are winter

visitors, which includs

vulnerable species. Sandspit is

an important beach along

Karachi which is frequented by

picnickers, sport fishermen and

nature lovers. Because of the

proximity with Karachi and

diversity of habitats (sandy and

rocky shores, mangroves,

mudflats, turtle beach) it is the

second most visited beach

along the Pakistan coast.


ecotourism

destinationsSandspit is accessible from all

weathered metalled roads that

link Karachi, City to the western

coast of Karachi. Mauripur road

starts from Jinnah Bridge,

located at the junction of M. A.

Jinnah Road, M. T. Khan Road

and Native Jetty Bridge. Turning

left from Gulbai flyover, Mauripur

Road passes through Hawksbay

Truck Stand and then, crossing

the Grax and Mauripur

settlements, it turns left onto

Kakapir Road. This is through

- Dolphin Watch

The most unique eco-adventure opportunity

Sandspit offers is the thrill of watching bottlenose

and spinner dolphins in their natural splendour.

This enthralling activity starts with sunrise and

provides a unique experience when these frisky

dolphins get closer to the boat.

Season: October through March

- Mangrove Forests Boating & Marsh

Trekking Excursion

Sandspit is an excellent destination for an

adventurous boat ride through the backwater

channels and inside the lush green mangrove

forests. This wilderness journey brings tourists

close to the mangroves so that they can enjoy

these marvels of nature. The trek through the

natural marsh that trails inside the mangroves is a

stirring experience, which allows tourists a closer

glimpse of the life teeming inside this coastal

ecosystem.

Season: Throughout the year

- Bird Watching

At sunrise and sunset, it is pleasurable to relax

and observe the variety of birds flitting about their

feeding and resting grounds at Sandspit. In

winter, more than 20,000 migratory birds,

including shore birds, visit Sandspit.

Season: November through March

- Camel and Horse Riding

A camel/horse ride through the saltpans and bird

sighting trails, and along the seashore and

beautiful adjoining landscapes, provide an

exciting and refreshing experience to nature

lovers.


- Traditional cuisine

The fishing communities located in Sandspit are

known for their delicious seafood specialties. Fresh

fish is fried, broiled or grilled and a number of

dishes are cooked such as fish gravy, fish pulao,

fried fish and fish Cheema among others. Sandspit

is the best destination if you love seafood.


2.4 Key stakeholdersThe key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in

Kakapir are the Sindh Wildlife Department which

can manage turtle watching, and WWF-Pakistan,

which can arrange turtle and dolphin watches,

bird sighting, mangrove walks, visits to the

Wetland Centre, and can also facilitate boat rides

in the backwaters. The coastal community of

Kakapir can arrange ecotourism activities in

mangrove areas, and on mudflats and sand

beaches including boat rides. IUCN and other

environmental NGOs can also play an important

role in various ecotourism activities in the area.

Additionally, life guards, hut owners, Pakistan

Navy, Karachi Port Trust, Police and local

administration are also important stakeholders.

2.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities have

been arranged a number of activities can be

merged to develop a package for ecotourism in

the area. Some of the packages can be:

l Turtle watch and mangrove excursion,

including watching the sunset: This package

will involve activities which may be started

late in the afternoon and end at about 10:00

PM after the turtle watch.

l Boating in mangroves and bird watching:

This package may be arranged with the help

of Kakapir community and will involve about

one full day during which boating will be

done in creeks within the mangroves,

supplemented by bird watching in

backwater mudflats.

l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a

boat ride in the open sea, scouting for

dolphins and may be supplemented by

angling and sport fishing.

l Visit to Wetland Centre: This package may

include visiting WWF-Pakistan’s Wetland

Centre as well as a stroll on the mangrove

walkway. This package is suited for school

children and naturalists.

Additionally, in all the packages, picnic on the

sandy beach with swimming, and camel or horse

riding may be included, which will be an added

attraction for the tourists. Other packages can

also be developed including visits to marginal

areas of Sandspit.

11

12

S. No. Time Activity

One-day trip Package-1

1, 0700 to 0800 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit

2. 0800 to 0930 Boating in mangroves forest

3. 0930 to 1000 Bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves

4. 1000 to 1030 Refreshment / tea at Kakapir Village

5. 1030 to 1130 Camel and horse ride / Shell collection at the shore

6. 1130 to 1200 Traditional lunch of area



1. 0600 to 0700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit

2. 0700 to 09:00 Dolphin watching

3. 0900 to 1030 Boating and bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves

4. 1030 to 1100 Trekking in the marshy land of mangroves

5. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment / tea at Kakapir Village

6. 1130 to 1200 Camel and horse ride on beach /Shell collection at the shore

7. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch of area



1. 1600 to 1700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village Sandspit


3. 1800 to 1830 Bird watching

4. 1830 to 1900 Camel / horse riding

5. 1900 to 2000 Leisure time at beach with tea

6. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner

7. 2100 to 2400 Turtle watching

13


Two-day trip Package-4

Day – 1

1. 0800 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit


3. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment at Kakapir Village

4. 1130 to 1200 Beach sighting and visit to turtle nesting area/

Shell collection at the beach

5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch

6. 1300 to 1700 Resting time in the huts

7. 1700 to 1730 Gathering at Sandspit

8. 1730 to 1830 Beach leisure time /Camel and horse ride

9. 1830 to 1900 Evening tea and refreshment at beach

10. 1900 to 2000 Folk music at the beach

11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner

12. 2100 to 2300 Turtle watching

1. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Zulfiqar restaurant

2. 0800 to 1000 Dolphin Watching

3. 1000 to 1130 Trekking in marshy mudflat of mangroves

4. 1130 to 1200 Nature walk through mangroves

5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch

Day – 2

14

3.1 Overview of RehriRehri is located in the Bin Qasim

area on the western bank of

Korangi creek, almost at the

confluence of Korangi and Isaro

creeks. It is a fishermen

settlement known especially for

fishermen that are engaged in

fishing in the creek system of the

River Indus. Most of the

fishermen are engaged in small-

scale fishing; however, because

of increased pollution due to

dumping of waste from Landhi

Cattle Colony, marine life along

Rehri Goth has almost vanished.

A number of enthusiasts and

sport fishermen from Karachi go

to fishing grounds in the creek

system through Rehri Coast. In

addition, those who would like to

enjoy boating and sailing have a

better option there.


ecotourism

destinationsRehri is accessible from National

Highway through YB Chowrangi

Flyover and Younus Textile Mill,

crossing Mehran Highway and

through Rehri Road passing New

Chapter-3

Ecotourism at Rehri

15

excursion trips are arranged.

Considering this potential, the

need for organizing regular

ecotourism activities in the Rehri

area is emphasized. Since the

area is under the control of the

Pakistan Maritime Security

Agency, the boats to visit the

area are required to seek

permission from PMSA.

- Mangroves Safari

Rehri boasts dense mangroves

and is an important breeding,

staging and wintering ground for

a variety of Siberian water birds

such as ducks, geese,

flamingos, cormorants, pelicans

and coots. An adventurous boat

ride through the narrow

channels covered with lush

mangroves is a thrilling

experience. Tourists can

observe colourful birds flying

overhead; fish jumping in the

narrow waters; and traditional

fishing boats going about their

day’s work. The walk through

the mangrove trails connects

tourists with nature.


- Crab Fishing

The creek system within the

mangroves offers an ideal place

for crab fishing. Using traditional

baited traps, crabs can be

caught during boat trips. The

experience of cooking and

eating these crabs on-board is

one that cannot be found at any

restaurant. On a good day you

may get a basket full of crabs to

distribute among family and

friends. Fishing for other

species is equally interesting

and enjoyable.


Muzafarabad Colony and

Bakhtawar Goth. It can also be

approached through Ibrahim

Hayderi Coastal Road. By sea, it

can be either approached from

Port Qasim or through Korangi

Fish Harbour. However, because

of the construction and

development work in the

Korangi Creek system, the sea

condition has considerably

changed and it can only be

reached during high tide

through Korangi Creek.

Important destinations along the

Rehri area are extremely limited;

however, the destinations in

Rehri Goth are mangrove

swamps, meandering creeks,

serene mudflats, a fort on

Mangrove Island, the shrine of

Ziarat Hussain Shah, Port

Qasim and Russian Beach.

Darya Pir, Lait, Garho and Keti

Bunder can also be an

attraction for eco-tourists.

3.3 Ecotourism activities Presently no ecotourism

activities in the area are

conducted in an organized

manner. The coastal community

of Rehri arranges boat tour of

the mangrove areas and the

fishing spots in the creek

system of Gharo-Phitti Creek.

Despite immense potential,

ecotourism activities at Rehri

are limited and only a few such

- Indigenous Wisdom Feast with Folk Music

under the Moonlight

Folk music, sharing of indigenous ecological

knowledge and the serving of traditional cuisine,

complemented by a cool sea breeze and the

moon peeking through the clouds provides a

tranquil and memorable experience.


- Indigenous Crafts Souvenirs

Rehri is famous for its cultural art work. The sale

of traditional craft souvenirs is one of the tourist

attractions in the area.

- Dolphin Watching

Rehri offers an amazing experience of watching

marine dolphins jumping and splashing close by

the boat. It is great fun to see dolphins in their

natural habitat. Both families and friends will find

this a memorable experience. This will make you

feel very close to nature and its amazing

creatures.

Season: October through March

- Bird Watching

Bird watching is a mesmerizing experience in the

coastal waters of Rehri. You can see diverse

species of birds sitting, swimming and flying

overhead. You can observe local as well as

migratory birds visiting the area. Do not miss this

activity at Rehri, if you love bird watching.



Rehri Goth are Port Qasim Authority, Korangi Fish

Harbour Authority, Sindh Wildlife Department,

Sindh Forest Department, WWF-Pakistan, IUCN,

the local administration, police, and Pakistan

Maritime Security Agency. Coastal communities

and CBOs of the area which arrange boat trips

and sport fishing excursions, are the most

important stakeholders. These stakeholders can

play an important role in various ecotourism

activities of the area.

3.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities are

available or offered by any stakeholders, a

number of activities can be merged to develop a

package for ecotourism in the area. Some of the

packages can be:



of Rehri Goth community and will involve

about one whole day during which boating

will be done in the creeks within mangroves.

This could be supplemented by bird

watching in backwater mudflats.

l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat

ride in the mangrove area and fishing,


l Visit to Port Qasim Area: This package may

include a visit to Port Qasim Area through

sea and landings at Russian Beach. This

package will suit for school and college

children as it will provide them exposure to

the operations of the Port.

l Visit to Shrine of Ziarat Hussain Shah as well

a boat ride to fort in the mangroves.

17


One-day trip

1. 0900 to 1000 Traveling from Karachi to Rehri Goth

2. 1000 to 1100 Mangroves safari / bird watching

3. 1100 to 1130 Visit of Port Qasim area and the surrounding

4. 1130 to 1230 Visit and walk around Russian beach

5. 1230 to 1330 Sea food lunch / traditional lunch of the area

6. 1330 to 1430 Walk around the village to see the settlements of the

fishing community

18

4.1 Overview of Cape

MonzeCape Monze, locally known as

Ras Mauri, is located to the west

of Karachi. It is at the end of the

Kirthar Range, and is a southwest

plunging anticline located at the

southern end of the Kirthar Fold

Belt. It is situated at the south of

Goth Mubbarak. Cape Monze is

known for a light house which is

located on flat ground in front of

a chain of mountains ending in

the sea. There is a beautiful sand

beach at Cape Monze and inter-

mittent patches of rocky shores

and small sandy beaches.


ecotourism

destinationsThere are two land routes. The

first is from Goth Mubbarak,

which starts from Hawksbay

Road and moves towards the

north from Buleji. Passing

through mountains and gullies

one has to cross Goth Mubbarak

Dam. Going through hillocks, the

vehicle has to be stopped at

PALS Outdoor Beach. From here

onwards, hiking through the

Chapter-4

Ecotourism at Cape Monze

19

4.3 Ecotourism activitiesPresently no organized

ecotourism activities are

conducted in this area.

However, some of the sport

fishermen and picnickers visit

Cape Monze during October to

March and a few SCUBA divers

come to this beach for

underwater pleasure activities.

Some of the following important

ecotourism activities could be

conducted here.

- Wilderness Camping

Cape Monze is an exciting place

to discover and enjoy the

outdoor environment,

encouraging respect for and

appreciation of the natural world.

Wilderness camping at this

majestic place offers adventure-

filled opportunities, from

sunbathing to swimming, surfing,

fishing, hiking and trekking

through the hilly area, and

bonfires under the moonlight.

Tourists can learn about the

cultural history, wisdom and

folklore of the indigenous people

of Mubarak village. Experiencing

delicious traditional seafood is

an unforgettable part of the

camping experience.

Season: September through

April

- Snorkelling/Eco-diving

A newly discovered coral reef at

Churna Island is now an

attractive diving destination. The

brightly coloured, sculpture-like

corals are a testament to nature

artistry. The magnificence of this

natural scenery indicates the

ecological health of the coastal

ecosystem. Churna is an ideal

place for scuba diving,

snorkelling, cliff jumping, skin

extreme end of the Kirther range

can be enjoyed. Once down the

mountain, Cape Monze beach

can be accessed. The alternate

route is the extension of the

Hawksbay, passes through

Karachi Nuclear Power Plant

and Paradise Point, Neelum

Point, Pasha Bunder and leads

to PNS Nathiagali. The road

passes through mountains and

meanders through rocky cliff

and finally reaches Cape

Monze. In order to use this

route, special permission must

be sought from the Pakistan

Navy, and it is not open to the

general public. Usually it is very

difficult to get permission to

travel on this route. Although,

not generally allowed, a few

people go to Cape Monze using

boats based in Kemari.

There is no specific or separate

destination in Cape Monze area,

however, rocky shores and

sandy beaches as well as arid

mountains and hills are some of

the destinations for the

ecotourists visiting the area.

Located about 4 km from Cape

Monze, there is a 40 foot long

grave at the top of one of the

mountains, which is worth

visiting. Visit to lighthouse at

Cape Monze is also a unique

experience.

diving and underwater photography.


- Adventure Excursion to Churna Island

Pristine and picture-perfect, Churna Island is

worth travelling to. Located around 14 km from

Cape Monze, Churna Island can easily be

accessed by boat. It is a well-known biodiversity

hot spot and is considered an abode for large

whales, whale sharks and sunfish, as well as a

major coral habitat. The serene blue sea is

captivatingly beautiful. Sport fishing at this

location is an ideal activity and can be undertaken

even by an amateur.


- Dolphin and Whale Shark Watching

Watching majestic marine dolphins and whale

sharks in the wild, swimming close to the boat, is

phenomenal. It is fascinating to watch dolphins

swimming near the surface, and taking the tour on

a traditional fishing boat with the fishermen from

Mubarak village sharing traditional ecological

knowledge and folk wisdom is both intriguing and

informative.


- Trekking and hiking

If you love high mountains, blue skies, and clear

waters, then Cape Monze is the place for you.

Trekking and hiking are the two popular outdoor

activities here, and your time in the mountains will

grant you a welcome respite from the dust and

pollution of city life.


- Sun-bathing

The bright sun and refreshing air at the pristine

calm beach of Cape Monze make it the best point

for sunbathing and relaxing.


- Eco-cycling

Eco-cycling from Mubarak village to Cape Monze

is an exciting and awesome experience, and

brings you close to the beautiful landscape of

Cape Monze. With eco-cycling, one gets rid of the

hustle and bustle of the city and can discover the

wonders of nature. This is basically an

educational cycling tour that could ideally be

performed in the morning or evening.

Season: September through April


Cape Monze area are Pakistan Navy, Ministry of

Maritime Affairs, the Pakistan Maritime Security

Agency, Police, Coast Guard, IUCN WWF-

Pakistan and the local administration. These

stakeholders can play an important role in

developing various ecotourism activities in the

area.


currently available or offered by any stakeholders,

a number of activities can be merged to develop

1-3 days packages for ecotourism based on the

number of people and their interest. These

packages can cover following activities:

l Hiking ever the last part of the Kirthar Range

in Cape Monze area. This may include

watching wildlife such as hares, foxes,

jackals, porcupines and hedgehogs, as well

as desert birds.

l Visit to lighthouse tower and rocky shore

during low tides.

l Visit to a 40 foot long grave on the top of one

of the mountains.

l If boats are made available, dolphin watching,

snorkelling and SCUBA diving can be other

activities that can be carried out in the area.

l In addition, in all the packages a picnic on

the sandy beach with swimming and camel

or horse riding may be included which will be

an added attraction for the tourists. Other

packages can also be developed including

visits to marginal areas of Cape Monze.

22



1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze, Mubarak Village

2. 0900 to 1000 Dolphin / Whale shark watching

3. 1000 to 1100 Boating towards Charna Island

4. 1100 to 1130 Hook fishing near Charna Island

5. 1130 to 1200 Hiking and trekking on Charna Island

6. 1200 to 1300 Heading towards Sonheri Beach

7. 1300 to 1400 Lunch at the huts on Sonheri Beach

8. 1400 to 1500 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village

9. 1500 to 1600 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village

10. 1600 to 1630 Refreshment and tea at the visiting spot

11. 1630 to 1730 Visit of the consecutive beach of Mubarak Village

23



Day – 1

1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze

2. 0900 to 1100 Dolphin / Whale shark watch

3. 1100 to 1200 Heading towards charna island

4. 1200 to 1230 Hook fishing near charna island

5. 1230 to 1300 Trekking and hiking on charna island

6. 1300 to 1400 Heading towards Sonheri Beach

7. 1400 to 1430 Sea food lunch at Sonheri beach

8. 1430 to 1530 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village

9. 1530 to 1600 Refreshment and tea at Mubarak Village

10. 1600 to 2000 Relaxing time

11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner with folk music

12 2100 to 2200 Visit of the turtle beach

1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch from Mubarak Village

2. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Mubarak Village

3. 0800 to 1000 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village

4. 1000 to 1100 Sun bathing at the three consecutive small beach of

Mubarak Village

5. 1100 to 1200 Trekking on the mountains of Mubarak Village

6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Mubarak Village

Day – 2

24

5.1 Overview of a Deltaic

site of Keti BunderKeti Bunder is a small fishing

settlement in the Thatta District. It

stretches over an area of 60,969

ha and is located in the delta of

the River Indus. There are four

major creeks in the area namely

Chann, Hajamro, Khobar and

Kangri. Fishing is the major

source of livelihood and about

90% of the local population is

engaged in fishing activities.

Previously, freshwater from the

River Indus engulfed this area;

therefore, the locals largely

depended on agriculture. Red

rice was considered to be the

main agricultural commodity, and

it was exported to other

countries.

Keti Bunder is known for its

mangrove forests which are

categorized as “Protected

Forests”. Due to reduction in

fresh water flow in the Indus

Delta, the mangroves forests

have completely vanished from

Kangri, Goro, and Turchan

creeks. In Hajamro creek

mangroves exist in small

Chapter-5

Ecotourism at Keti Bunder

25

which are small settlements. A

major part of the road is

weathered and metalled, though

there is a small patch near Keti

Bunder that is still not

adequately paved. Keti Bunder

can also be accessed through

the creek system. Depending on

the type and speed of the boat,

it will take about 6 to 8 hours

from Karachi (Ibrahim Hyderi) to

Keti Bunder.

There are a number of

fascinating points which have

their unique features. Keti

Bunder town, Hajamro Creek,

Kharo Chan, Turshian Creek,

various islands of the area as

well as open sea along the

mouth of the creeks can be

attractive destinations for

tourists who intend to visit

Keti Bunder. These places

bristle with rich biodiversity

including important flora and

fauna.

5.3 Ecotourism activitiesAlthough there is great

ecotourism potential in the

area, no organized ecotourism

activities are conducted. The

Coastal community of Keti

Bunder sometimes organizes

boat tours to mangroves as

well as fishing spots in the

creek system of Hajamro and

Dablo creeks. Despite immense

potential, ecotourism activities

at Keti Bunder are limited only

to a few excursion trips.

Considering this potential,

there is a need for organizing

regular ecotourism activities in

the Keti Bunder area. Below is

a brief description of a few

ecotourism activities at

the site.

quantities. However, Keti

Bunder was once famous for

vast fields of crops like rice,

betel leaf and banana, and

poultry farming was

considered a lucrative

business. The residents have

now run out of income

generation options due to the

decreasing water level of the

River Indus. The residents

have built embankments

around their small settlements

to keep seawater away, as this

often inundates their houses.

Despite the pitiful living

conditions in Keti Bunder, it is

an important fishing centre of

Sindh and a large number of

fishing boats are based in the

area. Although the area is in

isolation and located at a

distance of around 150 km from

Karachi, it still offers a great

potential for ecotourism. The

mangrove ecosystem and

deltaic conditions offered by

Keti Bunder cannot be matched

with other areas along the

Pakistan coast.


eco-destinationsKeti Bunder is approximately

150 km from Karachi. It can be

reached from National Highway.

Just after crossing Gharo Town,

a coastal road leads to Keti

Bunder. The road passes

through Lait, Mirpur Sakro,

Buhara, Garho and Baghan,

- Campsite

If you love nature and want to enjoy it in all its

forms and hues, then camping at Keti Bunder is

the right choice. The view of the creeks and small

settlements is fantastic. Tourists can spot a large

number of local as well as migratory birds in the

morning and evening. Sunrise and sunset provide

stunning opportunities for photo enthusiasts.


- Mangroves watch

Visiting mangrove forests at Keti Bunder gives

you a glimpse of the beauty and elegance of

these ecosystems. It is the closest thing to having

an authentic immersion in untainted natural

scenery. You will find the maze of trees humming

with life and the soft sounds of small marine

animals splashing in the water. A trip to the

mangroves at Hajamro creek is a rare learning

experience. It can unravel the beauty of lush

forests and tourists can enjoy the delicate

environment replete with diverse fish and bird

species.

Season: August through May

- Wildlife sighting

Keti Bunder is an unimaginably beautiful paradise

of unique wild species that tourists can enjoy all

the year round. Around 50,000 water birds come

to visit this area. It is a hotspot for wild animals

such as the Asiatic jackal, wild boar, and fishing

cat; different species of lizards are commonly

observed here. The area provides a spectacular

opportunity for photo enthusiasts.

Season: throughout the year

- An excursion to marine life

The coastal waters around Keti Bunder are home

to rare marine species; particularly common are

spinner and humpback dolphins, and finless

porpoises. Seeing gigantic marine animals just a

few metres from the fishing boat is a stunning

experience.


- Recreational Fishing

The coast of Keti Bunder is inhabited by green

and lush mangroves, where diverse species of

fish arrive to lay their eggs. Angling provides the

27

best experience, and visitors can enjoy coming in

close contact with waters and the fish.


- Sailing/Boating trips

Sailing with the support of paddles in coastal

waters is a unique experience. There are many

spots along the coast where boating competitions

could be held with the support of local fishermen.


- Cultural gatherings and festivals

Get-togethers at night are the hallmark of Keti

Bunder. Sharing folklore and exchanging wise

words are the norm for the natives of the area.



Keti Bunder are the Sindh Wildlife Department,

Sindh Forest Department, IUCN, WWF-Pakistan,

the local administration, police, Pakistan Maritime

Security Agency, Pakistan Coast Guard, and

Pakistan Marine (Pakistan Navy). The coastal

communities and CBOs of the area that arrange

boat trips and sport fishing excursions are the most

important stakeholders. All these stakeholders can

play an important role in promotion of various

ecotourism activities at Keti Bunder.


available or offered by any organization, a number

of activities can be merged to develop a package

for ecotourism in the area. Some of the packages

can covering following activities based on the

number of tourists and their interest in the

destinations:



of the Keti Bunder community, and will

involve about one full day during which

boating will be done in creeks within

mangroves, supplemented by bird watching

in backwater mudflats.

l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat

ride in the mangrove area and fishing,


l Visit to Kharo Chan: This package may

include a visit to Kharo Chan through the

creek system in order to experience how

local communities are living on the islands.

l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a

boat ride in the Hajamro creek near the open

sea, scouting for dolphins, and can be

supplemented by angling and sport fishing.

28



1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder

2. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder

3. 1230 to 1330 Boating in the mangroves forest / bird watching

4. 1330 to 1430 Crab catching/ fishing

5. 1430 to 1530 Trekking in the mangroves forest

6. 1530 to 1600 Visit of small villages in the creek by boats

7. 1600 to 1830 Evening tea at Keti Bunder

29



Day – 1

1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder

2. 1200 to 1300 Travelling to Chan Island (camp site ) through boats from

mangroves forest

3. 1300 to 1600 Camp setting at camp site

4. 1600 to 1800 Birds and wildlife watching in the mangroves forest

5. 1800 to 1830 Sunset view from mouth of creek

6. 1830 to 1900 Boating around the mangroves/ trekking on the muddy

flats of mangroves

7. 1900 to 2000 Preparation of dinner

8. 2000 to 2300 Folk music with dinner

1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch and early morning boating in river

2. 0700 to 0900 Dolphin watch

3. 0900 to 1000 Breakfast at camp site

4. 1000 to 1100 Hook fishing / Crab catching

5. 1100 to 1200 Sailing and boating

6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder and walk around the village

to see the rural settlements

Day – 2

30

6.1 Ecotourism

experienceThe development of the

ecotourism industry has opened

new avenues for

entrepreneurship, and investment

in hotels, transport and the

facilitation industry. Ecotourism

has turned into a billion-dollar

industry and for some

entrepreneurs it is a bonanza,

because it is one of quickest

ways to get a good return for

their investment. The ecotours

arranged for specific groups or

individuals in some cases are an

unforgettable experience. For

example, seeing a dolphin or

whale performing in a marine

aquarium show is a great

experience but watching a pod of

dolphins in the wild gives much

more satisfaction and excitement.

It is a similar case with wild cats.

Seeing these cats in zoos or in a

circus can be depressing

because of their confinement and

limited movement. However,

when one looks at them in the

wild, it is a mesmerizing

Chapter-6

Ecotourism guidelines and visitor satisfaction

31

dwellers, it is really exciting to

see a dense forest with amazing

biodiversity. Likewise, an

ecotourist would enjoy the

mesmerising scenery of Cape

Monze, just on the outskirts of

Karachi. It would certainly leave

an indelible impact on his/her

mind when looking at a beautiful

lighthouse with an amazing

beach and diverse underwater

life.

6.2 Nature tour

guidelinesAs compared to general tour

guides, the nature tour guides

have in-depth information about

the ecology, biodiversity and

uniqueness of the area. Such

guides are required to learn

about the habitat, fauna and

flora of the area and also have

detailed information about the

habitat of the important animals.

They are generally compared

with the guides for hunters and

safaris. They are known to be

familiar with the behaviour of

the important animals and their

habitats. They also properly

brief the ecotourists about the

behaviour and nature of the

animals living in any specific

habitat.

The training of nature tour

guides is essential. No doubt

the locals of the area may have

knowledge and awareness

about the animals and plants

found in a certain habitat, but a

trained nature tour guide must

have adequate education,

knowledge and experience

about the peculiar species

found in the area. For example,

a forest tourist guide from

mountainous areas will be

experience. It creates great

curiosity and urges the watcher

to learn more about these

marvellous animals

The same is true for

archaeological sites and ancient

cultures Reading about a

particular archaeological site or

a vanishing culture generates

curiosity, but visiting such a site

gives more insight into the

culture and living standard of

those people.

It is due to environmental

awareness that a large number

of people contribute towards

conservation of some of the

threatened animals of fragile

ecosystems (such as coral reefs

or rainforests). When these

people get a chance to visit the

habitat where these animals are

found, it proves to be a

memorable experience that

provides not only satisfaction

but also generates interest in

contributing more towards

conservation initiatives.

Similarly, visit to threatened

habitats such as coral reefs or

rain forests will give a level of

satisfaction and develop an

urge for further protection of the

fragile ecosystem.

In the case of the Sindh coast, a

visit to the mangroves is usually

an amazing experience. For city

helpless and bewildered in a mangrove forest

because of the uniqueness of the mangroves

which grow in mud and are inundated during high

tides. Even the pneumatophores in mangroves

make an untrained guide disoriented in the area.

In the case of the Sindh coast, no such training or

awareness programme is available for the nature

tour guides. A manual about the habitat,

biodiversity and standard procedures for visiting

important ecological sites is essentially required.

Visiting any sites of ecological or archaeological

importance without taking any trained and

knowledgeable tour guide will be purposeless and

disastrous in some cases. For example, a visit to

a mangrove forest requires a trained guide to

manoeuvre in this dense and unique forest.

6.3 Legal requirements and

proceduresThere is no specific law that deals with eco-

tourism in Pakistan, either at federal or provincial

levels. The Federal Government regulated the

hotel and restaurant component of the tourism

industry by using the power conferred on it by the

provincial legislatures under Article 144 of the

Constitution, which allowed Parliament to

legislate on any subject if so requested by two or

more provincial assemblies. It had legislated on

travel agencies and tourist guides under a rather

contested use of legislative power – these

subjects are not reflected in the Federal

Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List.

Prior to devolution, tourism was controlled by the

Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan with

its subordinate hierarchy in the shape of the

Department of Tourism Services. The Department

of Tourism Services dealt with all aspects of the

Tourism Industry - travel agencies, hotels and

restaurants, and tourist guides.

All laws pertaining to the tourism industry were

promulgated in 1976. These enactments were

based on the ethos of the 60s and the

Government’s desire to control prices through

legislation. The enforcement mechanism required

to implement these laws was weak, the industry

was never effectively regulated, and enforcement

of standards was not properly ensured. A brief

description of a few regulations related to

ecotourism is given below.

Hotel and Restaurant Act: The purpose of this Act

was to provide measures for controlling and

regulating the standards of the hotel industry and

service and provision of amenities for tourists in

hotels and restaurants. This Act has served the

hospitality business i.e. hotels and restaurants

since 1976. After the devolution of tourism from

the federal to the provincial government, only the

government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has made

certain amendments in tourism laws; such

amendments have not been made in Sindh.

Similarly, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government

has enacted the Travel Agencies Amendment Act

2013 for the development, regulation and control

of the profession of travel agencies.

The Sindh Tourist Guides Act 2011: This provides

for the regulation and control of the profession of

tourist guides. The Sindh Travel Agencies Act

2011 was enacted to provide for the

development, regulation and control of the

profession of travel agencies in the province. This

act defines a tourist as a person normally residing

outside Pakistan, who enters it and remains in the

country for not less than twenty-four hours and

not more than six months in the course of any

year, for purposes such as touring, recreation,

sports, health, study, religious pilgrimages or

business. It also includes a citizen of Pakistan

who travels within Pakistan or proceeds abroad

for any of the said purposes. It can be seen that

eco-tourism is not covered as such in any of the

Sindh laws.

As such no regulatory procedure has been set up

for eco-tourism which is essentially required to

manage such a specialized tourism. In the

absence of specific laws and procedures, eco-

tourism faces a number of difficulties and

hindrances which need to be addressed

adequately.

6.4 Operations and safetyThe following operations and safety measures are

required:

34

- Conveying a sense of safety

While travelling for the purpose of eco-tourism,

the organizers must appraise the eco-tourists of

the safety measures that have to be adhered to

during their visit. In almost all coastal tourism in

Sindh, life jackets need to be made available for

at least those tourists who are taking a boat trip.

Similarly, such boats must have life guards on

board so that they can assist the eco-tourists in

case of any mishap. Further, these tourists must

also be made aware of the local traditions and

norms of the communities. Safety and security

measures for ecotourists may be documented in

the form of pamphlets and should be provided to

the tourists before the start of their travel.

- Contingency plan

For any ecotour, a contingency plan should be in

place to deal with any mishap. A contingency

plan for ecotourism aims to prepare an organizer

to respond well to an emergency and to its

potential impacts. Such a contingency plan may

involve making decisions in advance about the

management of resources (human and financial),

coordination and communications procedures,

and being aware of a range of technical and

logistical responses. This planning is a

management tool that involves all supporting

sectors of tourisms, such as transportation,

communication, health among others which

require timely and effective provision of aid to

those in need.

The contingency plan may be documented and all

concerned agencies and persons must have

access to it. The role and responsibility of each

agency and person should be well defined. The

contact details and phone numbers of those

people involved may be made available to the

eco-tourist as well.

- Response to accident

Eco-lodges or eco-destinations should have

adequate facilities and equipment to deal with

accidents. This may include road accidents, and

mishaps such as drowning. There should be

35

persons including ecotour guides who are trained

to immediately responsd to accidents. There

should be coordination with local hospitals and

medicare facilities. In case of serious accident,

ambulances and a quick response system should

be accessible to the ecotourists. First aid facilities

may be available at all eco-destinations. In case

of fatalities, an adequate system for

transportation of bodies must be available, and

ecotourists must be assisted in the legal

formalities which are required in case of fatal

accidents.

- First-aid box

A First Aid box should be available to ecotourists

all the time, with supplies and equipment that is

used to give medical treatment. There is a wide

variation in the items of first aid kits which range

from treatment of minor to major injuries. Typical

contents of a first aid box may include adhesive

bandages, regular strength pain medication,

gauze and low grade disinfectant. However,

specialized first aid kits are available for various

regions, vehicles or activities, which may focus on

specific risks or concerns related to the activity.

6.5 Achieving visitor satisfactionIt is necessary that the ecotour organizer ensure

tourist satisfaction while embarking on any

ecotourism travel. Some of the factors which are

considered for satisfaction of an eco-tourist may

include easy accessibility, proper accommodation

and amenities, quality food/meals and desired

tourism attractions. It is well known that satisfied

tourists will not only revisit the place, but also

recommend it to others – families and friends. In

addition to this, increasing the level of satisfaction

will reduce the number of tourists’ complaints. On

the other hand, tourist satisfaction will not be

achieved unless the tourists feel that the quality

received is greater than the money paid.

Ecotourists are generally satisfied if they are able

to see the iconic animals of the area or get

mesmerized by the natural beauty. Sometimes,

minor things such as skilful treatment of guests,

friendly attitude, cordiality and kindness, flexibility

and care for the guests’ privacy help to win their

hearts and minds. It is rightly said that hospitality

should be an attitude of tourism works to provide

all kind of support to ecotourists.

36

Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature –

An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with

support from the American people delivered through

the United States Agency for International

Development (USAID). The contents are the

responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily

reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government.

Published by

IUCN Pakistan

Copyright

© 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or

translation of this publication for educational or other

non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior

written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the

source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this

publication for resale or other commercial purposes is

prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN

Pakistan.

Author

Nadir Ali Shah

Co-Author and Technical Review

Naveed Ali Soomro

Review and Editing

Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan

Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan

Photographs

IUCN, Zahoor Salmi

Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan

Designe

Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan

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