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An Ecological Economics Capital Stock Approach to Quality of Life Assessment in
Burlington, Vermont, USA
Andrews, C., Antonucci, J., Augeri, S., Berliet, E., Birkby, M., Brennan, W., Andrews, C., Antonucci, J., Augeri, S., Berliet, E., Birkby, M., Brennan, W., Brown, E., Brundige, M., Buechler, M., Cohen, M., Coleman, C., Coogan, C., Brown, E., Brundige, M., Buechler, M., Cohen, M., Coleman, C., Coogan, C., Cooper, A., Costello, K., Crane, M., D'Aversa, A., Davis, A., DeCelles, J., Cooper, A., Costello, K., Crane, M., D'Aversa, A., Davis, A., DeCelles, J., Delgado, A., DiBiccari, M., Dudley, H., Dye, J., Effler, A., Egbers, M., Delgado, A., DiBiccari, M., Dudley, H., Dye, J., Effler, A., Egbers, M., Freeman, P., Gilmartin, M., Graves, E., Hall, M., Hancock, C., Harrison, E., Freeman, P., Gilmartin, M., Graves, E., Hall, M., Hancock, C., Harrison, E., Hartz, E., Hayes, K., Herold-Lind, C., Holthaus, R., Hubbard, D., Johansson, Hartz, E., Hayes, K., Herold-Lind, C., Holthaus, R., Hubbard, D., Johansson,
H., Junger, L., Kelly, B., H., Junger, L., Kelly, B., Kelly, J.,Kelly, J., Kirschner, A., Klein, A., Martin, M., Kirschner, A., Klein, A., Martin, M., Marvin, I., McCreight, C., O'Donoghue, B., Palmer, M., Parke, B., Pearlstein, Marvin, I., McCreight, C., O'Donoghue, B., Palmer, M., Parke, B., Pearlstein, A., Randall, J., Reeves, C., Rosa, D., Smith, C., Smith, J., Sterling, R., A., Randall, J., Reeves, C., Rosa, D., Smith, C., Smith, J., Sterling, R., Sullivan, C., Van Etten, T., Verinis, A., Virchick, P., Voinov, A., Waters, J. Sullivan, C., Van Etten, T., Verinis, A., Virchick, P., Voinov, A., Waters, J.
Photo: Anton Voinov
Previous SurveysSURVEY YEAR SPONSOR FOCUS
Old North End
Neighborhood Survey
2000 UVM Comm. Leadership Project
NH QOL
Vermonter Poll 2003
(yearly)
UVM Center for Rural Studies
Overall life satisfac. NH cohesiveness
Pulse of Vermont 2000
(every 5)
VT Business Roundtable
Statewide QOL
Community Needs Assessment
2000
(every 5)
United Way of Chittenden Cty.
Community needs assessment
Civic Participation in Vermont
2000 Snelling Center Attitudes about civic participation
Our Children, Our Future Youth, and Developmental Assets
1999 Champlain Initiative
Children’s acquistion of 40 developmental assets
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Eight Neighborhoods
1 – New North End
2 – Old North End
3 – Downtown
4 – Collegetown
5 – Northeast
6 – The Hill
8 – South End
7 – Pine Street
Thanks to Margaret Bozik fromCEDO Burlington, and Eric Brown our resident pizza guy!
Neighborhood Populations
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
New N
. End
Old N
. End
Downt
own
Colleg
e To
wn
North
east
The H
ill
Pine S
treet
South
End
Census Survey
Education
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
Gradu
ate
Bache
lors
Assoc
iates
High S
choo
l
No Hig
h Sch
ool
Census Sample
Income
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Under$15,000
$15,000-$30,000
$30,000-$60,000
$60,000-$120,000
Over$120,000
Census Sample
Survey Questions
I. Neighborhood Identity
II. Built Capital
III. Natural Capital
IV. Human Capital
V. Social Capital
VI. Total Quality of Life
VII. Demographics
Photo: Anton Voinov
Neighborhood IdentityPlease rank the top five regions according to which ones you most
identify with as your home, from 1 (most identify) to 5 (least identify).
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Neighb
orho
od
Burlin
gton
Chitte
nden
Cou
nty
Verm
ont
New E
nglan
d
North
east
U.S.
United
Sta
tes
North
Am
erica
Wor
ldOth
er
Most Identify (1st) Least Identify (5th)
Importance vs. Happiness
For questions rating For questions rating
importance: happiness:
[1] Very important [1] Very happy[2] Important [2] Happy[3] Neither important [3] Neither happy or unimportant or unhappy[4] Unimportant [4] Unhappy[5] Very unimportant [5] Very unhappy
Photo: Anton Voinov
Built Capital
How How importantimportant are the things you own or rent (for are the things you own or rent (for example, your home, car, furniture, clothes, example, your home, car, furniture, clothes, etc.) to your happiness and quality of life? etc.) to your happiness and quality of life?
Photo: Anton Voinov
Built Capital Importance(Burlington)
30%
46%
15%
6%3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 2.07Std. Dev. = 0.98
BUILT CAPITALImportance less Happiness Scores
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Home Transportation Food & drink
Consumer durables Personal accessories Entertainment goods
Mean Importance:Mean Importance:HomeHome 1.581.58Food & DrinkFood & Drink 1.851.85TransportationTransportation 2.242.24EntertainmentEntertainment 2.642.64Cons. DurablesCons. Durables 2.672.67Pers. Access.Pers. Access. 2.672.67
Mean Happiness:Mean Happiness:Food & DrinkFood & Drink 1.771.77HomeHome 1.851.85EntertainmentEntertainment 2.082.08TransportationTransportation 2.122.12Pers. Access.Pers. Access. 2.162.16Cons. DurablesCons. Durables 2.192.19
Average Happiness
Built Capital 2.07
Public Investment 2.38
Private Investment 2.35
City Wide Built Capital Happiness
Photo: Anton Voinov
Are you happy with your current family or personal yearly income?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
under 15 15-30 30-60 60-120 over 120
No
Yes
Percent “Yes” for Burlington = 66%
If not, how much more income per yearwould you need to be satisfied?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
under 5K 5-10K 10-25K 25-50K 50-100K 100K-1Million
over aMillion
Natural Capital
How How importantimportant is the quality of the natural is the quality of the natural environment in which you live (for example, environment in which you live (for example, air, water, open space, cleanliness) to your air, water, open space, cleanliness) to your happiness and quality of life? happiness and quality of life?
Natural Capital Importance(Burlington)
63%
26%
8%
2% 2%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 1.53Std. Dev. = 0.83
Built Capital Importance(Burlington)
30%
46%
15%
6%3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 2.07Std. Dev. = 0.98
Human Capital
How important are investments made in yourself (for example, education, job skills, health, spirituality) to your happiness and quality of life?
Photo: Anton Voinov
Human Capital Importance (Burlington)
65%
28%
5%1% 2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 1.46Std. Dev. = 0.77
Social Capital
How important are relationships with your family and friends to your happiness and quality of life?
How important are interactions with people in your neighborhood to your happiness and quality of life?
Social Capital Importance(Family & Friends, Burlington)
80%
16%
2% 1% 2%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 1.28Std. Dev. = 0.70
Social Capital Importance(Neighbors, Burlington)
17%
35%34%
11%
4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
VeryImportant
Important NeitherImportant orUnimportant
Unimportant VeryUnimportant
Mean = 2.49Std. Dev. = 1.01
Total Quality of Life
How would you rate your overall quality of life (on a scale from 1 [very high] to 5 [very low])?
Please distribute 100 points across the following four categories according to their importance to your overall quality of life.
Personal and public investments in your home, lifestyle, and neighborhood
Investments and access to the natural environment in or near your neighborhood
Your personal well-being and investments made in yourself
Your relationship with your family, friends, and community
Photo: Anton Voinov
Total Quality of Life Happiness(Burlington)
35%
47%
10%
6%2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Very Happy Happy NeitherHappy orUnhappy
Unhappy VeryUnhappy
Mean = 1.91Std. Dev. = 0.90
Distribution of Importanceof Capital Stocks
Built20%
Natural18%
Human26%
Social36%
Overall Quality of Life (All)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
under15 15-30 30-60 60-120 over120
Very happy or happy Neither, unhappy, or very unhappy
Student Effect?
Testing the Income Effect
Overall Quality of Life (w/o Students)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
under15 15-30 30-60 60-120 over120
Very happy or happy Neither, unhappy, or very unhappy
Without Students21% of respondents
Testing the Income Effect
Neighborhood Analysis
Total Quality of Life andHappiness with Capital Stocks
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Burlin
gton
New N
. End
Old N
. End
Downt
own
Colleg
e To
wn
North
east
The H
ill
Pine S
treet
South
End
Av
era
ge
Ha
pp
ine
ss
Sc
ore Total Quality of Life
Built Capital
Natural Capital
Human Capital
Social Capital
Time Allocation
Please distribute 100 points across the following four categories according to their importance to your overall quality of life.
Personal and public investments in your home, lifestyle, and neighborhood Investments and access to the natural environment in or near your neighborhood Your personal well-being and investments made in yourself Your relationship with your family, friends, and community
Time Allocation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Burlin
gton
New N. E
nd
Old N. E
nd
Downtow
n
College
Tow
n
Northea
st
The H
ill
Pine S
treet
South
End
Personal
Family
Household Chores
Volunteering
Employment
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
New North End Ranking (Data)
Avg. Quality of Life 6 (1.95)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 4 (1.99) Natural Capital4 (2.01) Human Capital4 (2.11) Social Capital 2 (2.01)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 4 (33%) Volunteer Activities 3 (9%) Household Chores 1 (21%) Family Activities 2 (19%) Personal Activities 8 (20%)
Percent with Health Ins. 4 (93%)Home Ownership 1 (73%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 2 (75%)
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Old North End Ranking (Data)
Avg. Quality of Life 8 (2.10)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 7 (2.11) Natural Capital 8 (2.35) Human Capital2 (2.00) Social Capital 4 (2.25)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 2 (37%) Volunteer Activities 5 (7%) Household Chores 3 (19%) Family Activities 8 (16%) Personal Activities 6 (23%)
Percent with Health Ins. 8 (81%)Home Ownership 4 (55%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 7 (52%)
Downtown
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Ranking (Data)Avg. Quality of Life 7 (2.10)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 8 (2.29) Natural Capital7 (2.34) Human Capital5 (2.13) Social Capital 8 (2.38)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 7 (26%) Volunteer Activities 7 (7%) Household Chores 4 (18%) Family Activities 6 (18%) Personal Activities 2 (33%)
Percent with Health Ins. 5 (93%)Home Ownership 7 (15%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 5 (64%)
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Collegetown Ranking (Data)
Avg. Quality of Life 3 (1.88)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 5 (2.07) Natural Capital6 (2.31) Human Capital7 (2.22) Social Capital 7 (2.33)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 5 (28%) Volunteer Activities 8 (6%) Household Chores 8 (14%) Family Activities 3 (19%) Personal Activities 1 (33%)
Percent with Health Ins. 7 (85%)Home Ownership 6 (17%)Satisfied w/ Yrly Income 8 (51%)
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Northeast Ranking (Data)
Avg. Quality of Life 5 (1.95)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 3 (1.92) Natural Capital5 (2.21) Human Capital3 (2.08) Social Capital 6 (2.27)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 6 (27%) Volunteer Activities 2 (11%) Household Chores 2 (20%) Family Activities 7 (17%) Personal Activities 4 (27%)
Percent with Health Ins. 1 (100%)Home Ownership 8 (7%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 3 (68%)
The Hill
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Ranking (Data)Avg. Quality of Life 1 (1.50)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 2 (1.88) Natural Capital 1 (1.78) Human Capital 1 (1.96) Social Capital 1 (2.01)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 8 (24%) Volunteer Activities 4 (8%) Household Chores 7 (14%) Family Activities 1 (26%) Personal Activities 3 (29%)
Percent with Health Ins. 2 (98%)Home Ownership 2 (73%)Satisfied w/ Yrly Income 1 (77%)
Pine Street
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Ranking (Data)Avg. Quality of Life 4 (1.89)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 6 (2.08) Natural Capital3 (1.98) Human Capital 8 (2.22) Social Capital 3 (2.14)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 3 (33%) Volunteer Activities 6 (7%) Household Chores 5 (17%) Family Activities 5 (18%) Personal Activities 5 (24%)
Percent with Health Ins. 6 (90%)Home Ownership 5 (51%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 6 (63%)
South End
11-111-2
8-1
8-2
10-1
10-2
9-19-29-3
7-1
7-2
6-16-2
4-1
4-34-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
3-1
3-2
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-32-4
Ranking (Data)Avg. Quality of Life 2 (1.85)
Avg. Happiness with: Built Capital 1 (1.82) Natural Capital2 (1.92) Human Capital6 (2.22) Social Capital 5 (2.26)
Avg. Time Spent doing: Employment 1 (37%) Volunteer Activities 1 (13%) Household Chores 6 (15%) Family Activities 4 (19%) Personal Activities 7 (21%)
Percent with Health Ins. 3 (95%)Home Ownership 3 (61%)Satisfied with Yrly Income 4 (67%)
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
Total Qualityof Life
Built Capital NaturalCapital
HumanCapital
SocialCapital1
(Friends &Family)
SocialCapital2
(Neighbors)
Avera
ge S
co
re(1
=n
ot
at
all
to
5=
very
gre
atl
y)
Burlington I ntentional Communities
Burlington v. EcoVillages
Thanks to:
• Burlington Legacy Project Burlington Legacy Project (www.cedo.ci.burlington.vt.us/legacy/)(www.cedo.ci.burlington.vt.us/legacy/)– In particular the Community Indicators committee, In particular the Community Indicators committee,
Betsy Rosenbluth, and Sandra O’Flaherty.Betsy Rosenbluth, and Sandra O’Flaherty.
• Community and Economic Development Office Community and Economic Development Office (www.cedoburlington.org)(www.cedoburlington.org)– In particular Margaret Bozik and Beth Ruzansky.In particular Margaret Bozik and Beth Ruzansky.
• UVM and Gund FacultyUVM and Gund Faculty– In particular, Bob Costanza, Josh Farley, Lynne Bond, In particular, Bob Costanza, Josh Farley, Lynne Bond,
Matthew Wilson, Gary Flo, and Roel Boumans.Matthew Wilson, Gary Flo, and Roel Boumans.
Photo: Anton Voinov
Evolving analysis and results posted at:
www.uvm.edu/~jdericks/QOL/
Photo: Anton Voinov