An archaic representation of Hathor

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Egypt Exploration Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Egyptian

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gypt xploration Society

An Archaic Representation of ḤatḥōrAuthor(s): A. J. ArkellSource: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 41 (Dec., 1955), pp. 125-126Published by: Egypt Exploration SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3855255

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top

of

the

wig (see fig.).

The

purpose

of these

symbols

of lifemust

be

the

magical

one

of

bestowing

it

on the

jar

or its

contents,

though

this feature

s

not otherwise

attested

n

this

connexion.'

The

other

stopper

(K)

is

entirely

hand-mouldedwith similar tracesof

pigmentation.

The

face

has

a

different

xpression

and is

beardless,

while

I

(and, presumably,

he

two

missing

ones)

is

shown

wearing

he

short

chinbeard.2

The

socket

is

only

i

in.,

and

therefore

much

shorter han that of

I.

Judging

by

their

shape

and

general

appearance,

hese

Canopic ars

antedate he

later

part

of

the

New

Kingdom,

when

animal-headed

toppers,

more

obviouslyepresentative

of

the four

sons

of

Horus,

came nto

fashion.

The fortunate

ircumstances

f

heircumstances

f

their

beingnscribed

n

hieratic

characters

allows them

to be

dated

on

palaeographical

rounds

to

the first

part

of the

Eighteenth

Dynasty.3

MANFRED

CASSIRER

Two

Petrie

manuscripts

IN

unpacking

he

Petrie

Collection,

one

page

of

manuscript

n

Petrie's

handwriting

was found

which

must

have

become detached from his Funeral Furniture

(published

in

1937)

before it

went

to

the

printers.

It runs as

follows:-

'A modelof the sarcophaguss sometimesplacedbefore the figure.

'Those here are

654.

Hollow

figure

n two

halves;

three

long

columnsof

inscription

n stucco

in

front,

gilded

and

scraped

bare,

too

rough

to

be

read. Edwards.

21-8

h.

655.

Solid

figure,

painted

red,

with blue network

over the

body,

and blue

hair;

column of

inscrip-

tion

on

front,

illegible.

i

o h.

656.

Plain wood

figure,

good

work,

ood

work

175

h. Hawara.

657.

Base

of

a

similar

figure,

incised Osiris

give

life,

and

Anup

in

Ut,

for

Heka .

I2

long.

Hawara.

'The

Amulets found with

the

mummy

are

mainly

the

figures

of

the

gods,

and

amulets

relating

to

the

gods.

The

arrangement

f them is

shown

in

the

plans

of

mummies n

Amulets,

ls.

50-54.

'Lastly

the

Coptic

crosses

placed

overthe

gravesbelong

expressly

o

the continued

belief in

the

revived

body.'

With

the

abovewas

found the

missing manuscript

f the

Catalogue

olume

I4,

Glassand

Glazes,

also

in

Petrie's

handwriting,

ut without

any

illustrations,

nd

with

only

the

numbering

of

the

glass

objects

completed.

It is

hoped

that it will

be

possible

to

complete

this

volume

and

publish

it in

due

course.

A.

J. ARKELL

An

archaic

representation

of

Heathor

WAINWRIGHT'S

suggestion

n

Labyrinth

Gerzeh and

Mazghuneh,

p.

22,

that

the

palette

on

pl.

6,

7

mayrepresent

Hathor

in an

astronomical

spect

as

received

striking

confirmationrom

a

study

of

the piecesfromthe largeflutedporphyry ar found by Quibellat Hierakonpolis nd published n

Hierakonpolis,

II,

pl.

59,

figs.

4-7,

and

pp.

14

and

3I.

Some

of the

fragments

are in

the Petrie

Collec-

tion

at

University

College,

London,

and

others

including

all

those

with

relief on

them,

are

in the

AshmoleanMuseumat

Oxford;

and

it

is

by courtesy

of

the

Keeper

of the

Antiquities

Department

at

the

Ashmolean hat

it has

been

possible

to

make

this

study.

I

They

cannot

be

marks for the

purpose

of

identification' s

on the

objects

described

by

Reisner

(op.

cit.

64,

n.

x;

cf.

Hayes,

op.

cit.

323).

2

Reisner,

op.

cit.

62-63. According

to

Sethe

(Zur

Geschichte d.

Einbalsamierung

bei den

Agyptern,

15),

the

face

of

Imsety

is

shown

beardless

during

the

M.K.

because the

deity

was

originally

female. On the other

hand,

early types

of

stoppers

often show

the

likeness

of

the

deceased

rather

than

a

representation

of the

sons of

Horus.

In

the

present

case,

anyhow,

it is

K.ebhsenuf

who

lacks the beard.

3

For

this

statement

I am

much

indebted to

Professor

Cernm.

Curiously, phrases

such

as

wnn.i

m s;.k

are

elsewhere attested on late specimens

(Dyns.

XXII-XXV)

only;

cf.

Reisner,

op. cit., 68-69.

M

top

of

the

wig (see fig.).

The

purpose

of these

symbols

of lifemust

be

the

magical

one

of

bestowing

it

on the

jar

or its

contents,

though

this feature

s

not otherwise

attested

n

this

connexion.'

The

other

stopper

(K)

is

entirely


pigmentation.

The

face

has

a

different

xpression

and is

beardless,

while

I

(and, presumably,

he

two

missing

ones)

is

shown

wearing

he

short

chinbeard.2

The

socket

is

only

i

in.,

and

therefore

much

shorter han that of

I.

Judging

by

their

shape

and

general

appearance,

hese

Canopic ars

antedate he

later

part

of

the

New

Kingdom,

when

animal-headed

toppers,

more


of

the four

sons

of

Horus,

came nto

fashion.

The fortunate

ircumstances

f

heircumstances

f

their

beingnscribed

n

hieratic

characters

allows them

to be

dated

on

palaeographical

rounds

to

the first

part

of the

Eighteenth

Dynasty.3

MANFRED

CASSIRER

Two

Petrie

manuscripts

IN

unpacking

he

Petrie

Collection,

one

page

of

manuscript

n

Petrie's

handwriting

was found

which

must

have


(published

in

1937)

before it

went

to

the

printers.

It runs as

follows:-


'Those here are

654.

Hollow

figure

n two

halves;

three

long

columnsof

inscription

n stucco

in

front,

gilded

and

scraped

bare,

too

rough

to

be

read. Edwards.

21-8

h.

655.

Solid

figure,

painted

red,

with blue network

over the

body,

and blue

hair;

column of

inscrip-

tion

on

front,

illegible.

i

o h.

656.

Plain wood

figure,

good

work,

ood

work

175

h. Hawara.

657.

Base

of

a

similar

figure,

incised Osiris

give

life,

and

Anup

in

Ut,

for

Heka .

I2

long.

Hawara.

'The

Amulets found with

the

mummy

are

mainly

the

figures

of

the

gods,

and

amulets

relating

to

the

gods.

The

arrangement

f them is

shown

in

the

plans

of

mummies n

Amulets,

ls.

50-54.

'Lastly

the

Coptic

crosses

placed

overthe

gravesbelong

expressly

o

the continued

belief in

the

revived

body.'

With

the

abovewas

found the

missing manuscript

f the

Catalogue

olume

I4,

Glassand

Glazes,

also

in

Petrie's

handwriting,

ut without

any

illustrations,

nd

with

only

the

numbering

of

the

glass

objects

completed.

It is

hoped

that it will

be

possible

to

complete

this

volume

and

publish

it in

due

course.

A.

J. ARKELL

An

archaic

representation

of

Heathor

WAINWRIGHT'S

suggestion

n

Labyrinth

Gerzeh and

Mazghuneh,

p.

22,

that

the

palette

on

pl.

6,

7

mayrepresent

Hathor

in an

astronomical

spect

as

received

striking

confirmationrom

a

study

of


Hierakonpolis,

II,

pl.

59,

figs.

4-7,

and

pp.

14

and

3I.

Some

of the

fragments

are in

the Petrie

Collec-

tion

at

University

College,

London,

and

others

including

all

those

with

relief on

them,

are

in the

AshmoleanMuseumat

Oxford;

and

it

is

by courtesy

of

the

Keeper

of the

Antiquities

Department

at

the

Ashmolean hat

it has

been

possible

to

make

this

study.

I

They

cannot

be

marks for the

purpose

of

identification' s

on the

objects

described

by

Reisner

(op.

cit.

64,

n.

x;

cf.

Hayes,

op.

cit.

323).

2

Reisner,

op.

cit.

62-63. According

to

Sethe

(Zur

Geschichte d.

Einbalsamierung

bei den

Agyptern,

15),

the

face

of

Imsety

is

shown

beardless

during

the

M.K.

because the

deity

was

originally


hand,

early types

of

stoppers

often show

the

likeness

of

the

deceased

rather

than

a

representation

of the

sons of

Horus.

In

the

present

case,

anyhow,

it is

K.ebhsenuf

who

lacks the beard.

3

For

this

statement

I am

much

indebted to

Professor

Cernm.

Curiously, phrases

such

as

wnn.i

m s;.k

are


(Dyns.

XXII-XXV)

only;

cf.

Reisner,

op. cit., 68-69.

M

top

of

the

wig (see fig.).

The

purpose

of these

symbols

of lifemust

be

the

magical

one

of

bestowing

it

on the

jar

or its

contents,

though

this feature

s

not otherwise

attested

n

this

connexion.'

The

other

stopper

(K)

is

entirely


pigmentation.

The

face

has

a

different

xpression

and is

beardless,

while

I

(and, presumably,

he

two

missing

ones)

is

shown

wearing

he

short

chinbeard.2

The

socket

is

only

i

in.,

and

therefore

much

shorter han that of

I.

Judging

by

their

shape

and

general

appearance,

hese

Canopic ars

antedate he

later

part

of

the

New

Kingdom,

when

animal-headed

toppers,

more


of

the four

sons

of

Horus,

came nto

fashion.

The fortunate

ircumstances

f

heircumstances

f

their

beingnscribed

n

hieratic

characters

allows them

to be

dated

on

palaeographical

rounds

to

the first

part

of the

Eighteenth

Dynasty.3

MANFRED

CASSIRER

Two

Petrie

manuscripts

IN

unpacking

he

Petrie

Collection,

one

page

of

manuscript

n

Petrie's

handwriting

was found

which

must

have


(published

in

1937)

before it

went

to

the

printers.

It runs as

follows:-


'Those here are

654.

Hollow

figure

n two

halves;

three

long

columnsof

inscription

n stucco

in

front,

gilded

and

scraped

bare,

too

rough

to

be

read. Edwards.

21-8

h.

655.

Solid

figure,

painted

red,

with blue network

over the

body,

and blue

hair;

column of

inscrip-

tion

on

front,

illegible.

i

o h.

656.

Plain wood

figure,

good

work,

ood

work

175

h. Hawara.

657.

Base

of

a

similar

figure,

incised Osiris

give

life,

and

Anup

in

Ut,

for

Heka .

I2

long.

Hawara.

'The

Amulets found with

the

mummy

are

mainly

the

figures

of

the

gods,

and

amulets

relating

to

the

gods.

The

arrangement

f them is

shown

in

the

plans

of

mummies n

Amulets,

ls.

50-54.

'Lastly

the

Coptic

crosses

placed

overthe

gravesbelong

expressly

o

the continued

belief in

the

revived

body.'

With

the

abovewas

found the

missing manuscript

f the

Catalogue

olume

I4,

Glassand

Glazes,

also

in

Petrie's

handwriting,

ut without

any

illustrations,

nd

with

only

the

numbering

of

the

glass

objects

completed.

It is

hoped

that it will

be

possible

to

complete

this

volume

and

publish

it in

due

course.

A.

J. ARKELL

An

archaic

representation

of

Heathor

WAINWRIGHT'S

suggestion

n

Labyrinth

Gerzeh and

Mazghuneh,

p.

22,

that

the

palette

on

pl.

6,

7

mayrepresent

Hathor

in an

astronomical

spect

as

received

striking

confirmationrom

a

study

of


Hierakonpolis,

II,

pl.

59,

figs.

4-7,

and

pp.

14

and

3I.

Some

of the

fragments

are in

the Petrie

Collec-

tion

at

University

College,

London,

and

others

including

all

those

with

relief on

them,

are

in the

AshmoleanMuseumat

Oxford;

and

it

is

by courtesy

of

the

Keeper

of the

Antiquities

Department

at

the

Ashmolean hat

it has

been

possible

to

make

this

study.

I

They

cannot

be

marks for the

purpose

of

identification' s

on the

objects

described

by

Reisner

(op.

cit.

64,

n.

x;

cf.

Hayes,

op.

cit.

323).

2

Reisner,

op.

cit.

62-63. According

to

Sethe

(Zur

Geschichte d.

Einbalsamierung

bei den

Agyptern,

15),

the

face

of

Imsety

is

shown

beardless

during

the

M.K.

because the

deity

was

originally


hand,

early types

of

stoppers

often show

the

likeness

of

the

deceased

rather

than

a

representation

of the

sons of

Horus.

In

the

present

case,

anyhow,

it is

K.ebhsenuf

who

lacks the beard.

3

For

this

statement

I am

much

indebted to

Professor

Cernm.

Curiously, phrases

such

as

wnn.i

m s;.k

are


(Dyns.

XXII-XXV)

only;

cf.

Reisner,

op. cit., 68-69.

M

1252525


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3/3

BRIEF

COMMUNICATIONS

RIEF

COMMUNICATIONS

It is seen

that

all these

fragments

come from one

large

stone bowl about

z

ft.

in

diameter,

as

Quibell

says

'a

magnificent

vase,

similar

n

shape

and

size

to

that

on

pl.

XXXVI.

4'

and

not

only

'adorned

with vertical

luting'

but

with

figures

n relief on

the flat

rim

and

with a

base

ring

in

relief

representing

ring

of

grass

bound

with

palm-leaves

as

still used as

stands

or

gabana

coffee-pots

n

the Sudan-compare also,perhaps,Emery,The Tombof Hemaka,pl. 30, fig. 2). Indeed,it is not

impossible

that

it

was made

by

the hand

of

the

mastercraftsman

who

made

the

Narmer

palette.

Both

were

found

at

Hierakonpolis,

nd

a

fragment

of the fluted

pot

in

question

came

ike

the Narmer

palette

from

the

main

deposit

there.

One

of

the

figures

n relief on the rimmust have

been

a head

of

Hathor

as

a

cow,

similar

o the

heads

n

pairs

at the

top

of the

Narmer

palette,

but with stars

at

the

tip

of each

horn,

on

top

of the

forehead

and at

the

tip

of each

ear.

Quibell,

op.

cit.,

pl.

59,

5,

shows

the

star

at

the

tip

of the

right

horn and

one

ray

of

the star in the middle of the

forehead.

But

it is the

fragment

at

the

left of

fig.

6

which

gives

all the cluesto the solution.The

publishedphotograph

f it

shows

the

star at

the

tip

of

the

left

ear,

but it does

not show

clearly

eitherthe

pupil

of

the

eye

in

relief

(similar

o

the

eye

of

the

pelican(?)

n

fig.

4)

or-between

this

eye

and the star-a

line of

herring-bone

ncisions,

ike

those

inside the cow's earsof Hathoron the Narmerpalette.It does show, also in relief,the left-hand

angular

orner

of the baseof the

Hathor

head

(as

on the Narmer

palette

andthe

Gerzeh

palette).

An

attempt

will

be made to reconstruct his

unique ar,

and

if

successful

a

further

note on

the

jar

will

be

published.

Can

any

one with a

knowledge

of

astronomy uggest

an

actual

constellation

which

may

have

given

the

ancient

Egyptians

he ideaof

representing

Hiathor

hus

'pointed'

with

stars;

or

was

she

just

the

Cow

Lady

of

Heaven,

the

sky

goddess

who

sometimes

s

represented

with stars as

here,

sometimes

with the

moon between

her

horns,

as

frequently

n

Sinai,

and

sometimes

he sun

(Oerny,

Ancient

Egyptian

Religion,

p.

29)?

The

Cow

of Heaven is

represented

occasionally

with

stars

on

her

belly,

as in the

tomb of

Sethos I.

Probably

he

resemblance

f

the new moon

to a

cow's

horns

was the

reason

why

a

cow

goddess

was first

associatedwith

the

sky.

She would

then

soon be

thoughtof as

giving

birth

to the moon

and the

stars at

nightfall.

In

this

way

seems

to

have

arisen

the

concept

of

Hat-hor,

'the

house of Horus'the

sun-hawk.

A.

J.

ARKELL

Modern

designs

on

predynastic

slate

palettes

SCHARFF

n his Die

Altertuiimer

er Vor- und

Friihzeit

Agyptens(1929),

p.

125

and

pl.

31

,

published

as No.

223

a

fish-shaped

late

palette

which

was

obtained n

1900

by

Dr. K.

Reinhardt n

Egypt

but

is

of unknown

provenance.

t

is

Berlin

No.

14411.

It has

on

it an incised

design,

which is

given

in

detail

in Abb.

73,

and

the

antiquity

of which

was doubted

by

Scharff.He

said he

knew of

nothing

comparable

o

it. There

is, however,

at

UniversityCollege

another

late

palette

which

Petrie

bought

in Egyptandpublished n Prehistoric gypt

I920),

pl. 45, fig. 24, withoutanydescription. t is of

the

shape

which

he calledthe

pelta

andhis

type

30

D

(pl. 44).

Both

these

slates have a

complicated

design,

which

Scharff

hought

might

be a

net.

It

differs n

each

case,

but

in

each

at the

same time

there is

a

dog-faced

man

(?)

facingright,

and

a

dog-like

animal

with its tail

erect

facing

eft.

Nothing

about

the

designsappears

o

be

Egyptian;

andthe

incision s

done

in

a

peculiarway

so

that

all

lines

and

hatching

are made

up

of

zigzags,

eitherwell

spaced

out or

very

close,

which

look as if

they

had

been

made

by

'walking'

a

small

chisel-shaped

ool;

and

although

t would

not

have

been

impossible

to

have

done

this

with

a

small

predynastic

opper

chisel,

I

have

little doubt that

though

the

palettes

are

genuine,

the

designs

ncised on

them are

modern,

made

by

the

same

hand,

and

that

they

belong

to a

similar

school of

forgeries

as the

predynastic

pots

with

designs

recently painted

on

them,

published

by Guy

Brunton

n

Annalesdu

Service,

34,

149-56.

A.

J.

ARKELL

It is seen

that

all these

fragments

come from one

large

stone bowl about

z

ft.

in

diameter,

as

Quibell

says

'a

magnificent

vase,

similar

n

shape

and

size

to

that

on

pl.

XXXVI.

4'

and

not

only

'adorned

with vertical

luting'

but

with

figures

n relief on

the flat

rim

and

with a

base

ring

in

relief

representing

ring

of

grass

bound

with

palm-leaves

as

still used as

stands

or

gabana

coffee-pots

n

the Sudan-compare also,perhaps,Emery,The Tombof Hemaka,pl. 30, fig. 2). Indeed,it is not

impossible

that

it

was made

by

the hand

of

the

mastercraftsman

who

made

the

Narmer

palette.

Both

were

found

at

Hierakonpolis,

nd

a

fragment

of the fluted

pot

in

question

came

ike

the Narmer

palette

from

the

main

deposit

there.

One

of

the

figures

n relief on the rimmust have

been

a head

of

Hathor

as

a

cow,

similar

o the

heads

n

pairs

at the

top

of the

Narmer

palette,

but with stars

at

the

tip

of each

horn,

on

top

of the

forehead

and at

the

tip

of each

ear.

Quibell,

op.

cit.,

pl.

59,

5,

shows

the

star

at

the

tip

of the

right

horn and

one

ray

of

the star in the middle of the

forehead.

But

it is the

fragment

at

the

left of

fig.

6

which

gives

all the cluesto the solution.The

publishedphotograph

f it

shows

the

star at

the

tip

of

the

left

ear,

but it does

not show

clearly

eitherthe

pupil

of

the

eye

in

relief

(similar

o

the

eye

of

the

pelican(?)

n

fig.

4)

or-between

this

eye

and the star-a

line of

herring-bone

ncisions,

ike

those

inside the cow's earsof Hathoron the Narmerpalette.It does show, also in relief,the left-hand

angular

orner

of the baseof the

Hathor

head

(as

on the Narmer

palette

andthe

Gerzeh

palette).

An

attempt

will

be made to reconstruct his

unique ar,

and

if

successful

a

further

note on

the

jar

will

be

published.

Can

any

one with a

knowledge

of

astronomy uggest

an

actual

constellation

which

may

have

given

the

ancient

Egyptians

he ideaof

representing

Hiathor

hus

'pointed'

with

stars;

or

was

she

just

the

Cow

Lady

of

Heaven,

the

sky

goddess

who

sometimes

s

represented

with stars as

here,

sometimes

with the

moon between

her

horns,

as

frequently

n

Sinai,

and

sometimes

he sun

(Oerny,

Ancient

Egyptian

Religion,

p.

29)?

The

Cow

of Heaven is

represented

occasionally

with

stars

on

her

belly,

as in the

tomb of

Sethos I.

Probably

he

resemblance

f

the new moon

to a

cow's

horns

was the

reason

why

a

cow

goddess

was first

associatedwith

the

sky.

She would

then

soon be

thoughtof as

giving

birth

to the moon

and the

stars at

nightfall.

In

this

way

seems

to

have

arisen

the

concept

of

Hat-hor,

'the

house of Horus'the

sun-hawk.

A.

J.

ARKELL

Modern

designs

on

predynastic

slate

palettes

SCHARFF

n his Die

Altertuiimer

er Vor- und

Friihzeit

Agyptens(1929),

p.

125

and

pl.

31

,

published

as No.

223

a

fish-shaped

late

palette

which

was

obtained n

1900

by

Dr. K.

Reinhardt n

Egypt

but

is

of unknown

provenance.

t

is

Berlin

No.

14411.

It has

on

it an incised

design,

which is

given

in

detail

in Abb.

73,

and

the

antiquity

of which

was doubted

by

Scharff.He

said he

knew of

nothing

comparable

o

it. There

is, however,

at

UniversityCollege

another

late

palette

which

Petrie

bought

in Egyptandpublished n Prehistoric gypt

I920),

pl. 45, fig. 24, withoutanydescription. t is of

the

shape

which

he calledthe

pelta

andhis

type

30

D

(pl. 44).

Both

these

slates have a

complicated

design,

which

Scharff

hought

might

be a

net.

It

differs n

each

case,

but

in

each

at the

same time

there is

a

dog-faced

man

(?)

facingright,

and

a

dog-like

animal

with its tail

erect

facing

eft.

Nothing

about

the

designsappears

o

be

Egyptian;

andthe

incision s

done

in

a

peculiarway

so

that

all

lines

and

hatching

are made

up

of

zigzags,

eitherwell

spaced

out or

very

close,

which

look as if

they

had

been

made

by

'walking'

a

small

chisel-shaped

ool;

and

although

t would

not

have

been

impossible

to

have

done

this

with

a

small

predynastic

opper

chisel,

I

have

little doubt that

though

the

palettes

are

genuine,

the

designs

ncised on

them are

modern,

made

by

the

same

hand,

and

that

they

belong

to a

similar

school of

forgeries

as the

predynastic

pots

with

designs

recently painted

on

them,

published

by Guy

Brunton

n

Annalesdu

Service,

34,

149-56.

A.

J.

ARKELL

12626

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An archaic representation of Hathor

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