AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL CRIME STATISTICS 2012/13 › ckfinder › userfiles › files ›...

AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL CRIME STATISTICS 2012/13

A


B


Compiled bySAPS Strategic Management

Design and layoutMarketing & Advertising

SAPS Marketing and Public Relations

Further information on the Analysis of the National Crime Statistics

for the National Commissioner of theSouth African Police Service

for 2012/13 could be obtained from:The Head: Strategic Management (Head Office)

Telephone: 012 3933082

RP Number: RP294/2013ISBN Number: 978-0-621-42259-7


SUBMISSION OF THE ANNUAL REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF POLICE

HON. EN MTHETHWA, MPMINISTER OF POLICE

I have the honour of submitting the Annual Report of the Department of Policefor the period 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

GENERAL MV PHIYEGA ACCOUNTING OFFICER

Date: 2013/08/31


CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. METHODOLOGY 3

2.1 LONGITUDINAL APPROACH AND COMPARATIvES 32.2 METHOD OF CALCULATION AND INTERNATIONAL

GOOD PRACTICE 3

3. THE ANATOMY OF CRIME: DEFINING CATEGORIESOF SERIOUS CRIME 4

3.1 SEvENTEEN COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIME 4

3.2 THREE POLICE-DETECTED SERIOUS CRIME 4

4. ANALYSIS OF SERIOUS CRIME CATEGORIES: NATIONAL TRENDS 5

4.1 COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIME 54.2 CONTACT CRIME 94.3 CONTACT-RELATED CRIME 274.4 PROPERTY-RELATED CRIME 304.5 OTHER SERIOUS CRIME 364.6 POLICE-DETECTED CRIME 40

5. POLICING PUBLIC ORDER INCIDENTS 43

6. CONCLUSION 44

ANNExURE A: SYNOPSIS OF SERIOUS CRIME RAw FIGURES AND RATIOS: NATIONAL 45

ANNExURE B: SYNOPSIS OF SERIOUS CRIME RAw FIGURES AND RATIOS: PROvINCIAL 48

ANNExURE C: DEFINITIONS OF CRIME 57


2

1. INTRODUCTION

Our democratic government has invested enormously in the safety and security environment and other government agencies, particularly the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster departments. In order to ensure that the South African Police Service delivers on its mandate, some of the investment areas that strategically position the organisation in this regard relate to:

➣ A personnel strength of 197 946, which includes 155 531 SAPS Act members with a comparative police vs population ratio of 1:336.

➣ An improved vehicle vs personnel ratio of 1:3.83, i.e. 51 713 vehicles for 197 946 members.

➣ As at the end of the reporting year, there were 1 132 police stations serving as fixed police-community contact points. Additionally, there were 240 non-fixed service points that were established to strategically position the organisation to increase access to policing services and extend service delivery to the wider populace.

➣ Investment in training police and support personnel to establish a quality-based capability to deliver on the police mandate.

The murders of police members, road fatalities and suicides continue to erode the capacity of police to fight crime.

Over the past 9 years (2004/5 to 2012/13) crime continues to decline, both in ratios and raw figures, against the increase in population figures. The underlying picture is that the nature of serious crime is dynamic. There are specific crimes that continue to persist over the 9 year period.

General analysis of crime patterns depicts a discernible correlation between crime and challenging socio-economic conditions. Of serious concern in the policing environment is the observed violent social behaviour which continues to prevail in the majority of serious crime categories, some of which persist to be stubborn to the treatment that is administered by law enforcement agencies and require a collective effort from all affected stakeholders, including our own communities. Prevention in policing should be a partnership engagement to ensure that we prevent the domino effect of crime where small crimes that should have been addressed at points of origin and thus not being allowed to escalate into more serious crime.


3

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 LONGITUDINAL APPROACH AND COMPARATIvES

The longitudinal approach that has been adopted by the department in the previous crime statistics report to illustrate the overall performance of the national crime statistics. The longitudinal extend over 9 year commencing 2004 to 2013. “The approach adopted in this report distinguishes long swings from year-to-year crime trend variations and asserts that since crime is a phenomenon, crime trend fluctuations are best comprehended when depicted over a long-term period, and not simply on annual portrayals.” 1 In line with this approach, a 9-4-1 depiction of crime trends, i.e. 2004/5 to 2012/13 (9 years); 2009/10 to 2012/13 (current administration period) (4 years); 2011/12 versus 2012/13 (1 year under review).

Contact Crime

Contact-Related Crime

Property-Related Crime

Other Serious Crime

Crimes Dependent on Police Action for

DetectionSe

rious

Crim

e

Reported Crime for RSA9-4-1 period

Crime Ratios(per capita)

2.2 METHOD OF CALCULATION AND INTERNATIONAL GOOD PRACTICE

Crime ratio is an internationally accepted depiction of crime as raw figures may skew the true reflection on performance of those types of crime that directly affect the population, particularly contact crime. This is further corroborated by the fact that the opportunity for these crimes is also in correlation with the population dynamics. The method for calculating these ratios is the same the world over. That is, the number of offences divided by the population estimate, multiplied by 100 000. For example, the formula used in Canada is as follows: criminal incidents reported to and by the police/population of interest X 100 000. To illustrate this, during a given financial year (e.g. April 2011 to March 2012), 64 514 sexual offences are recorded in South Africa and the population size equals 50 586 757 people in that same financial year, the crime ratio or rate will be calculated as follows:

Crime Ratio or rate = Crime Figure

Population Estimate X 100 000

= 64 514

50 586 757 X 100 000

= 0.001275314 X 100 000

= 127.5

The latter figure indicates that during the 2011/2012 financial year, 127.5 (rounded off to 128) persons among each 100 000 people were victims of sexual offences.

During the following financial year (i.e. April 2012 to March 2013) 66 387 sexual offences were recorded and the population size of South Africa grew to 52 274 945 people. The crime ratio is calculated as follows:

Crime Ratio or rate = 66 387

52 274 945 X 100 000

= 0.00126996 X 100 000

= 127.0

1 An analysis of the National Crime Statistics: Addendum to the Annual Report 2011/12. www.saps.gov.za


4

The latter indicates that during the 2012/2013 financial year, 127.0 amongst 100 000 people were victims of sexual offences. These figures (127.5 and 127.0) are not percentages, but crime ratios or rates.

In order to determine comparative percentage increases or decreases, two time periods are utilised. In this regard, it should be noted that the published ratio figures of the financial year 2011/12, which were based on the published population estimates from Statistics South Africa which were applicable at the time of releasing the 2011/12 crime analysis report, have been relevantly compared with the ratio figures of the 2012/13 financial year that were based on the recently published population estimates (14 May 2013) which were applicable to the 2012/13 financial year. 2

Using the examples above, the percentage increase or decrease recorded during the period under review (April 2012 to March 2013) is calculated as follows:

Percentage increase/decrease = Current Period - Previous Period

Previous Period X 100

= 127.0 - 127.5

127.5 X 100

= - 0.5

127.5 X 100

= -0.0039 X 100

= -0.4%

3. THE ANATOMY OF CRIME: DEFINING CATEGORIES OF SERIOUS CRIME

For purposes of this report, the analysis of the national crime situation will focus on twenty serious crimes and these are categorized into 2 main divisions as follows:

3.1 SEvENTEEN (17) COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIME (COMPRISING 86.2% OF CRIME REPORTED IN 2012/13)

These include:

→ Contact Crime - Murder, Attempted Murder, Sexual Offences, Assault GBH, Common Assault, Robbery Aggravating and Common Robbery (with sub-categories such as what is deemed TRIO crime: Carjacking, Robbery Residential and Robbery Other Premises/Business)

→ Contact Related Crime - Arson, Malicious Damage to Property

→ Property Related Crime - Housebreaking Residential, Housebreaking Other Premises, Theft of Motor Vehicle/Cycle, Theft out of and From Motor Vehicle and Stock Theft

→ Other Serious Crime - Ordinary Theft (other theft), Fraud-related (commercial crime) and Shoplifting

3.2 THREE (3) POLICE-DETECTED SERIOUS CRIME (COMPRISING 13.8% OF CRIME RECORDED DURING 2012/13)

This division comprises those crimes that are detected during police action and are naturally supposed to depict an upward trend. These include: Unlawful Possession of Firearm and Ammunition, Driving Under Influence (drugs and alcohol), and Unlawful Possession of and Dealing in Drugs.

The National and Provincial raw figures and ratios for serious crime are provided in Annexures A and B respectively.

2 It should be noted in this regard that the revised population estimates that have been recently published by Statistics South Africa in May this year will only be utilized when comparing 2012/13 to subsequent years. A retrospective application of these figures is simply an academic exercise.


5

The SAPS definitions of these crimes are provided as Annexure C of the document.

4. ANALYSIS OF SERIOUS CRIME CATEGORIES: NATIONAL TRENDS

During the period under review (2012/2013), a total of 2 126 537 crimes were recorded by the SAPS. These include 1 833 775 (86.2%) crimes reported by the community and 292 762 (13.8%) crimes that were detected through police action.

4.1 COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIME

Longitudinally, the crime ratios for the 17 crimes that are reported by the community have decreased by 33.7% over the past 9 years, 10.6% over the past four years and 2.8% during the past financial year, as depicted below:

OvERALL PERFORMANCE OF 17 COMMUNITY- REPORTEDSERIOUS CRIME: 9- YEAR OvERvIEw

Contact crime

• Reduced by 38.2% over 9 years (2004/5- 2012/13)

• Reduced by 16.0% during the past 4 years (2009/10- 2012/13)

• Reduced by 4.2% during the past financial year (2012/13)

Contact- related crime




Property- related crime



• Increased by 1.7% during the past financial year (2012/13)

Other serious crime





6

This is presented in graph 1 below:

GRAPH 1

During the 2012/13 financial year, 10 out of 17 crimes have shown a reduction, the remaining have increased. As illustrated in graph 2 below, murder, attempted murder, robbery aggravated, and housebreaking residential have joined in the fray during 2012/13.


7

GRAPH 2

The individual provincial contribution is depicted in graph 3:

GRAPH 3


8

Further elaboration on the performance of individual categories and particular crimes that fall under this broad category, will be illustrated in the remainder of the document.

Graph 4 below illustrates that of the 1 833 775 crimes that were reported to the SAPS, 617 239 (33.7%) were contact crimes, 563 665 (30.7%) were property-related crimes, 525 694 (28.7%) were other crimes and 127 177 (6.9%) were contact-related crimes.

GRAPH 4

As indicated in the introductory content, cumulatively we are reducing crime and this is happening against the population growth. This is a phenomenon of sharp paradoxes and can be illustrated through the comparison of raw figures against population changes in one of the broad categories of serious crime, contact crime. When one compares 2004/05 with 2012/13 in terms of the population vs raw figures reported in each of the two years, it is clear that when the population estimate was 46,5 million in 2004/05, the country experienced more crimes that were reported in all categories of contact crime than when the population had increased to about 52 million in 2012/13, as shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF CONTACT CRIME RAw FIGURES AND POPULATION DYNAMICS: THEN (2004/5) AND NOw (2012/13) 1ST YEAR (2004/5) vS 9TH YEAR (2012/13) OF CURRENT ADMINISTRATION

Crime Type: Contact Crime Then (2004/5) Population: 46 586 600

Now (2012/13) Population: 52 274 945

Increase/decrease Population difference: 5 688 345 Raw figure

differenceMurder 18 793 1 6 259 -2 534

Total Sexual Offences 69 117 66 387 -2 730

Attempted murder 24 516 16 363 -8 153

Assault with the intent to inflict grievous bodily harm 249 369 185 893 -63 476

Common assault 267 857 172 909 -94 948

Robbery with aggravating circumstances 126 789 105 888 -20 901

Common robbery 90 825 53 540 -37 285

Below is a breakdown on the performance of these categories, according to individual crime over defined periods as indicated in the method of calculation above.


9

4.2 CONTACT CRIME

Contact crime is the biggest contributor to the total reported crimes. These crimes are committed against the person and involve physical contact between the victim and perpetrator. The contact is usually of a violent nature and most of the contact crimes cause physical, psychological and material damage to their victims.

This category includes the following crimes: murder, attempted murder, sexual offences, assault with the intent to cause grievous bodily harm, common assault, common robbery and robbery with aggravating circumstances. This broad group of crime categories contributes 33.7% to the total of the 17 crime categories reported to the police service by members of the public (graph 5).

GRAPH 5

The above figure indicates that the highest contributing crimes include Assault GBH (30.1%); Common Assault (28.0%); Robbery Aggravated (17.2%); and Sexual Offences (10.8%).

Notably, contact crime has reduced by 38.2% over 9 years (2004/5-2012/13); 16.0% during the past 4 years (2009/10-2012/13) and 4.2% during the past financial year (2012/13). This can be graphically illustrated as follows (graph 6):


10

GRAPH 6

Table 2 below shows that all the provinces performed very well over the past 9 financial years. The highest decreases were recorded in Gauteng (56.1%), Mpumalanga (46.3%), Northern Cape (45.4%), Western Cape (41.0%), and North West (33.9%).

TABLE 2: CONTACT CRIME RATIOS (9 YEARS)

RATIO PER 100 000 POPULATIONProvince 2003/4

Baseline2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc/

Decr 03/04 - 12/13

Eastern Cape 1 464.8 1 456.3 1 364.1 1 285.5 1 236.6 1 197.8 1 185.7 1 152.0 1 118.5 1 111.5 - 24.1%

Free State 2 081.5 2 037.2 1 828.9 1 713.7 1 740.8 1 757.1 1 689.7 1 685.0 1 738.1 1 777.0 - 14.6%

Gauteng 2 856.7 2 633.6 2 329.7 2 250.5 2 110.8 1 972.0 1 892.7 1 614.4 1 437.3 1 253.4 - 56.1%

KwaZulu-Natal 1 437.5 1 371.2 1 257.4 1 221.7 1 141.6 1 161.8 1 121.6 1 035.2 989.7 1 035.8 - 27.9%

Limpopo 960.0 958.5 831.9 801.7 682.0 668.2 667.8 609.4 716.7 706.5 - 26.4%

Mpumalanga 1 560.1 1 609.2 1 488.5 1 430.4 1 300.4 1 302.0 1 229.7 1 101.7 1 014.0 837.9 - 46.3%

North West 1 556.7 1 487.6 1 282.2 1 191.3 1 151.1 1 151.7 1 107.7 1 119.7 1 115.6 1 029.6 - 33.9%

Northern Cape 2 971.2 2 822.2 2 300.4 2 118.8 1 886.0 1 878.3 1 779.9 1 723.6 1 648.9 1 621.4 - 45.4%

Western Cape 2 984.3 2 731.4 2 224.8 2 080.8 1 942.5 1 687.9 1 757.5 1 807.5 1 852.5 1 760.2 - 41.0%

RSA 1 910.6 1 818.7 1 612.6 1 541.1 1 447.3 1 405.3 1 371.5 1 277.2 1 232.5 1 180.8 - 38.2% As shown in table 3 below, during the past four years of the current administration, only three provinces recorded an increase, i.e. Limpopo (5.7%), Western Cape (4.3%) and Free State (1.1%). The rest recorded a decrease in this crime, with Gauteng and Mpumalanga achieving the biggest decreases of 36.4% and 35.6% respectively. During the current reporting year (2012/13) only two provinces have indicated an increase, i.e. KwaZulu-Natal


11

(4.7%) and Free State (2.2%). The rest recorded a decrease in this crime, with Mpumalanga and Gauteng achieving the biggest decreases of 17.4% and 12.8% respectively.

TABLE 3: CONTACT CRIME: CRIME RATIO PER 100 000 OF THE POPULATION

Province 2008/09Baseline

2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or Decr 08/09 -

12/13

% Inc or Decr 11/12 -

12/13Eastern Cape 1 197.8 1 185.7 1 152.0 1 118.5 1 111.5 - 7.2% - 0.6%

Free State 1 757.1 1 689.7 1 685.0 1 738.1 1 777.0 1.1% 2.2%

Gauteng 1 972.0 1 892.7 1 614.4 1 437.3 1 253.4 - 36.4% - 12.8%

KwaZulu-Natal 1 161.8 1 121.6 1 035.2 989.7 1 035.8 - 10.8% 4.7%

Limpopo 668.2 667.8 609.4 716.7 706.5 5.7% - 1.4%

Mpumalanga 1 302.0 1 229.7 1 101.7 1 014.0 837.9 - 35.6% - 17.4%

North West 1 151.7 1 107.7 1 119.7 1 115.6 1 029.6 - 10.6% - 7.7%

Northern Cape 1 878.3 1 779.9 1 723.6 1 648.9 1 621.4 - 13.7% - 1.7%

Western Cape 1 687.9 1 757.5 1 807.5 1 852.5 1 760.2 4.3% - 5.0%

RSA 1 405.3 1 371.5 1 277.2 1 232.5 1 180.8 - 16.0% - 4.2% As indicated in graph 7 below, Murder has reduced by 27.2% over 9 years, 16.6% during the past 4 years and only had a slight increase of 0.6% during the past financial year.

GRAPH 7

The murder crime ratio is depicted in table 3.


12

TABLE 3: MURDER: 2009/10 - 2012/13

MURDER: CRIME RATIO PER 100 000 OF THE POPULATIONProvince 2008/09

Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 49.5 48.4 47.3 48.0 50.8 2.6% 5.8%

Free State 31.6 31.4 34.1 34.9 37.2 17.7% 6.6%

Gauteng 37.9 32.7 29.1 26.6 24.0 - 36.7% - 9.8%

KwaZulu-Natal 47.0 40.4 35.2 31.6 35.1 - 25.3% 11.1%

Limpopo 14.2 14.5 12.2 13.2 12.9 - 9.2% - 2.3%

Mpumalanga 25.1 24.3 20.0 19.9 17.1 - 31.9% - 14.1%

North West 25.1 21.5 23.2 24.7 24.7 - 1.6% 0.0%

Northern Cape 36.5 33.2 31.0 33.6 35.7 - 2.2% 6.3%

Western Cape 44.6 42.4 44.2 43.5 43.7 - 2.0% 0.5%

RSA 37.3 34.1 31.9 30.9 31.1 - 16.6% 0.6% Over the past 4 years, Gauteng (36.7%), Mpumalanga (31.9%), and KwaZulu-Natal (25.3%) were the main contributors to the average decrease of 16.6 %. The rest (4 provinces) had marginal decreases. The highest increased during the same period were Free State (17.7%) and Eastern Cape (2.6%). During the reporting year, where murder has increased by a marginal 0.6%, there were 5 provinces that realised an increase, with KwaZulu-Natal (11.1%), Free State (6.6%), Northern Cape (6.3%), and Eastern Cape (5.8%). The Western Cape had a marginal increase of 0.5% during the same period. The highest reduction was experienced in Mpumalanga (14.1%), followed by Gauteng (9.8%) and Limpopo (2.3%), and North West (0.0%) at the brink.

Attempted Murder has also reduced by 51.7% over 9 years, 16.8% during the past 4 years, and increased by 6.5% during the past financial year, as shown in the graph 8 below:

GRAPH 8

As shown in table 4 below, over the past 4 years, the following provinces contributed to the 16.8% reduction of this crime: Mpumalanga (49.1%), Gauteng (41.8%), Northern Cape (27.4%), KwaZulu-Natal (23.4%) and Eastern


13

Cape (11.6%). The highest recorded increases were Western Cape (65.5%), North West (12.6%) and the Free State (7.8%). During the past financial year, the overall increase of 6.5% had the following highest contributors: Western Cape (26.4%), North West (10.2%), KwaZulu-Natal (10.0%), Free State (9.5%) and Eastern Cape (5.9%). The highest reduction during this period was experienced in Mpumalanga (15.2%), Northern Cape (6.0%) and Gauteng (5.5%).

TABLE 4: ATTEMPTED MURDER: 2009/10 - 2012/13

RATIO PER 100 000 OF THE POPULATIONProvince 2008/09

Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 30.3 29.2 25.5 25.3 26.8 - 11.6% 5.9%

Free State 32.0 29.1 27.3 31.5 34.5 7.8% 9.5%

Gauteng 49.8 45.6 36.7 30.7 29.0 - 41.8% - 5.5%

KwaZulu-Natal 48.7 44.2 36.3 33.9 37.3 - 23.4% 10.0%

Limpopo 13.3 13.9 12.0 12.7 13.1 - 1.5% 3.1%

Mpumalanga 35.2 34.0 22.7 21.1 17.9 - 49.1% - 13.2%

North West 23.0 24.3 22.0 23.5 25.9 12.6% 10.2%

Northern Cape 64.9 62.0 58.8 50.1 47.1 - 27.4% - 6.0%

Western Cape 33.6 31.9 41.4 44.0 55.6 65.5% 26.4%

RSA 37.6 35.3 31.0 29.4 31.3 - 16.8% 6.5% Some of the identified causes for the recent increase in murder and attempted murder emanate from: aggravated robberies that mainly take place in public places; domestic-related violence cases which result in murders and take place behind closed doors; alcohol-related arguments that take place near drinking places (figure 1 below depicts concentration of licensed liquor outlets in the Mangaung Metro alone), including drugs and substance abuse; faction fighting that mainly occurs in rural environments; the spate of violent unrest, particularly labour unrest in the mining sector; Illicit mining-related killings; the rapid growth in gang-related killings, particularly in the Free State; the preponderance of knives (see figure 2) and firearms; sexual-related offences that result in intimate partner killings; cross-border crimes which are related to car hijacking; taxi-related and stock theft-related killings; economic refugees targeted as cash bases, particularly those running unregistered businesses; densely populated informal settlements; and drugs and drug-related turf-wars or killings.

FIGURE 1: CONCENTRATION OF LICENSED LIqUOR OUTLETS IN THE MANGAUNG METRO


14

FIGURE 2: AN IMAGE SCULPTURED OUT OF CONFISCATED kNIvES

The necessary interventions include:

➣ A more involved participation of the key stakeholders in the process of issuing liquor licenses by the Department of Trade and Industry and Liquor Boards

➣ Rigorous enforcement of municipal by-laws, particularly the enforcement of legal trading hours

➣ Continuous confiscation of liquor as well as closing illegal liquor outlets

➣ Reorganisation the shift management system to ensure strategic deployments that follow the analysis of crime peaks and frequencies across all station operational environments (i.e. Visible Policing, Detective Service, Crime intelligence, and others)

➣ Reducing visible policing constraints that impact on full-scale deployment of resources.

Assault GBH reduced by 36.6% over 9 years; 15.0% during the past 4 years; and 6.6% during the past financial year (2012/13) as illustrated in graph 9 below:


15

GRAPH 9

As shown in table 5 below, over the past 4 years this crime has reduced by 15.0% and the highest contributing provinces that showed a decrease include Mpumalanga (39.4%), Gauteng (29.1%), Northern Cape (14.9%) and Eastern Cape (11.4%). The highest increases were marginal, i.e. Free State (1.4%) and Limpopo (0.7%). During the reporting year, a decrease of 6.6% was realised with the following contributors: Mpumalanga (19.7%), Gauteng (14.5%) and the Western Cape (11.1%). Only two provinces experienced increases, i.e. Free State (2.5%) and KwaZulu-Natal (2.0%) and these were very marginal.

TABLE 5: ASSAULT wITH THE INTENT TO CAUSE GRIEvOUS BODILY HARM: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 477.7 485.0 456.8 430.6 423.2 - 11.4% - 1.7%

Free State 552.0 542.5 546.6 546.4 559.8 1.4% 2.5%

Gauteng 461.9 466.1 416.4 382.7 327.3 - 29.1% - 14.5%

KwaZulu-Natal 298.0 295.6 287.3 273.7 279.3 - 6.3% 2.0%

Limpopo 250.6 254.8 237.8 264.7 252.3 0.7% - 4.7%

Mpumalanga 475.3 439.8 399.0 358.8 288.0 - 39.4% - 19.7%

North West 430.9 421.9 439.9 437.4 401.7 - 6.8% - 8.2%

Northern Cape 884.7 830.7 815.5 768.8 752.7 - 14.9% - 2.1%

Western Cape 438.7 449.2 473.3 467.4 415.3 - 5.3% - 11.1%

RSA 418.5 416.2 397.3 380.8 355.6 - 15.0% - 6.6%

Common assault also reduced by 45.4% over 9 years; 16.5% during the past 4 years; and 7.9% during the past financial year (2012/13), as shown in graph 10 below:


16

GRAPH 10

As indicated in table 6 below, during the past 4 years, there was a remarkable decrease of 16.5% and the following highest contributing provinces can be mentioned: Mpumalanga (36.4%), Gauteng (35.4%) and North West (25.2%). The rest of the provinces also experienced a decrease, except for the Western Cape, which had a slight increase of 0.1%. During the reporting financial year, the overall decrease was 7.9% and was mainly contributed to by the same provinces cited above, i.e. Mpumalanga (19.7%), Gauteng (16.7%) and North West (13.4%). The rest of the provinces also experienced a decrease in various proportions.

TABLE 6: COMMON ASSAULT: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 256.8 260.4 246.0 223.9 216.6 - 15.7% - 3.3%

Free State 681.3 655.2 634.9 655.5 644.6 - 5.4% - 1.7%

Gauteng 560.6 559.8 486.8 434.5 362.0 - 35.4% - 16.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 295.9 315.6 303.1 295.6 291.6 - 1.5% - 1.4%

Limpopo 184.9 171.0 149.3 189.4 176.0 - 4.8% - 7.1%

Mpumalanga 320.1 310.6 285.8 253.4 203.6 - 36.4% - 19.7%

North West 272.6 257.7 243.2 235.7 204.0 - 25.2% - 13.4%

Northern Cape 497.9 485.7 461.9 462.9 425.4 - 14.6% - 8.1%

Western Cape 602.1 642.3 637.0 653.4 603.0 0.1% - 7.7%

RSA 396.1 400.0 371.8 359.1 330.8 - 16.5% - 7.9%

Some of the contributing factors to the decrease in Assault GBH and Common Assault include: swift detections and effective arrests, including refusal of withdrawal of case dockets before court at police station level, and the continued closure of illegal liquor outlets and liquor confiscations.

Total Sexual Offences emanate from the expanded legal definition in terms of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007 (Act 32 of 2007), as implemented on 15 December 2007.

Current research infers that some of the root causes or factors of rape and sexual assault reflect societal issues


17

and are victim-centred, perpetrator-centred and environment-related:

➣ Victim-centred factors 3, with particular reference to females, include among others, age vulnerabilities, poverty exploitation, physical disability, mental health, use and abuse of drugs and alcohol, and some elements of repeat victimization.

➣ Perpetrator-centred factors involve risk factors such as: “operating at individual, family, community, and societal levels and span biological factors such as genotype, androgen levels and neurological deficits; childhood experiences and exposure to violence; poverty and social disadvantage; mental health and IQ; substance abuse and use; firearms; social groups and peers; emphasised heterosexuality; gender inequity; attitudes and relationships, as well as sexuality: arousal and fantasy factors.(Jewkes, 2012)” 4

➣ Environment-related or context factors, according to environmental criminologists, which also apply to other crimes, based on the daily activities of victims and perpetrators, include physical and geographical place and time that facilitate crime commitment. These include such factors as land utilisation, transport networks patterns, and street or residential design.

In terms of the World Health Organisation report conducted on select countries, which focused on women’s health and domestic violence against women (García-Moreno et al., 2005) 5, some of the deductions that were drawn from the study include the following:

➣ between 13% and 61% of women 15–49 years old report that an intimate partner has physically abused them at least once in their lifetime;

➣ between 6% and 59% of women report forced sexual intercourse, or an attempt at it, by an intimate partner in their lifetime; and

➣ from 1% to 28% of women report they were physically abused during pregnancy, by an intimate partner.

An analysis of the factors associated with sexual offences discussed above indicates that the role of law enforcement is minimal in ensuring the reduction of these crimes as it mainly limited to the removal of the instruments facilitating crime, such as weapons or firearms, drugs, liquor and successful investigation of reported sexual offences.

These crimes have reduced by 10.9% over 9 years (2004/5-2012/13); 12.3% during the past 4 years (2009/10-2012/13) and 0.4% during the past financial year (2012/13), as indicated in graph 11 below:

3 World Health Organisation/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (2010). Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, World Health Organisation.

4 Jewkes, R. (2012) Rape Perpetration: A review. Pretoria, Sexual Violence Research Initiative.5 García-Moreno C et al. WHO Multi-Country Study On Women’s Health And Domestic Violence Against Women: Initial Results On Prevalence, Health Outcomes

And Women’s Responses. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005.


18

GRAPH 11

Table 7 below indicates that over the past 4 years, this crime has reduced by 12.3%, an average reduction of 3.1% per annum. The highest contributing provinces include: Gauteng (43.3%), Mpumalanga (20.0%), Western Cape (10.9%). The highest increases were in Limpopo (33.9%) and Free State (21.6%). During the current reporting period, there was a marginal decrease of 0.4% and only 3 provinces contributed to the reduction, i.e. Western Cape (14.2%), Gauteng (10.0%) and Mpumalanga (6.4%). The highest increase was Limpopo (15.8%).

TABLE 7: ALL SExUAL OFFENCES: 2009/10 -2012/13

CRIME RATIO PER 100 000 OF THE POPULATIONProvince 2008/09

Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 143.7 136.1 139.1 135.3 145.2 1.0% 7.3%

Free State 157.2 157.8 171.3 178.5 191.1 21.6% 7.1%

Gauteng 174.0 148.6 125.0 109.6 98.6 - 43.3% - 10.0%

KwaZulu-Natal 131.4 127.0 120.2 113.6 119.9 - 8.8% 5.5%

Limpopo 88.6 93.8 89.8 102.4 118.6 33.9% 15.8%

Mpumalanga 130.8 127.6 122.8 111.9 104.7 - 20.0% - 6.4%

North West 146.6 137.9 147.0 152.8 155.7 6.2% 1.9%

Northern Cape 170.3 160.8 169.2 158.5 159.9 - 6.1% 0.9%

Western Cape 166.7 180.7 178.0 173.1 148.6 - 10.9% - 14.2%

RSA 144.8 138.5 132.4 127.5 127.0 - 12.3% - 0.4%

As a sub-category of this crime, Rape (including compelled rape, acts of consensual sexual penetration with certain children (12>16 years) has reduced by 3.3% during the past 4 years and also by 0.4% during the past financial year (2012/13), as shown in graph 12 below:


19

GRAPH 12

Another sub-category of this crime, Sexual Assault which has been on the increase over the past 3 years (2009/10-2012/13, i.e. 13.8, 14.5 and 14.6) has reduced by 6.2% down to an all-time low of 13.7, as shown in graph 13 below:

GRAPH 13

As a form of intervention, there is a need for concerted efforts to focus on the identified perpetrators of sexual offences. “Rape and battery are still defined as a women’s issue, because we are the victims. All too frequently,


20

the reality of men’s role in this social problem is overlooked because we hesitate to say the obvious: men rape” (Anderson, 2004 ).

The role played by increased convictions of perpetrators, i.e. 826 life sentences (499 of these relate to convictions on crimes against women and children, such as rape) has reduced the perpetrators in circulation which has a deterrent effect. The resultant public confidence in the capability of police to successfully investigate crime and continued awareness campaigns, increases the reporting of these crimes. The introduction of specialised courts will help to bring impetus to the finalisation of these cases. Increased victim friendly services in police stations and community-police partnerships, including volunteer programmes, are critical.

Aggravated Robbery has reduced by 29.7% over 9 years, 18.7% during the past 4 years (2009/10-2012/13) and only increased by 1.2% during the past financial year, as indicated in graph 14 below:

GRAPH 14

As illustrated in table 8 below, during the past 4 years, this category of crime, which also includes, TRIO crime and truck jackings, has decreased by 18.7%, an average of 4.7% per annum. The contributing provinces to the reduction: include Gauteng (41.3%), Mpumalanga (33.6%), KwaZulu-Natal (24.6%). The highest increase includes: Limpopo (35.2%), Eastern Cape (20.0%), Free State (17.8%) and Western Cape (17.2%). During the reporting financial year, this category increased by 1.2% and the highest contributors include: Northern Cape (21.7%) and KwaZulu-Natal (13.1%). Of the 4 provinces that had a decrease, the highest reductions were in Mpumalanga (17.8%), North West (9.8%) and Gauteng (7.7%).


21

TABLE 8: ROBBERY wITH AGGRAvATING CIRCUMSTANCES: 2009/10 - 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 149.2 145.5 154.9 183.4 179.0 20.0% - 2.4%

Free State 179.4 171.2 171.8 193.9 211.4 17.8% 9.0%

Gauteng 490.6 449.0 357.9 311.8 287.8 - 41.3% - 7.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 255.9 222.4 183.9 170.7 193.0 - 24.6% 13.1%

Limpopo 53.4 56.8 50.8 66.2 72.2 35.2% 9.1%

Mpumalanga 193.6 183.3 153.4 156.4 128.5 - 33.6% - 17.8%

North West 163.3 157.1 158.7 165.4 149.2 - 8.6% - 9.8%

Northern Cape 108.3 90.4 80.7 88.4 107.6 - 0.6% 21.7%

Western Cape 241.9 234.1 234.5 260.7 283.5 17.2% 8.7%

RSA 249.3 230.6 203.0 200.1 202.6 - 18.7% 1.2%

Some of the identified contributing factors that affect most crime in this category include: robberies that occur in the streets; informal settlements where informal business is conducted; targeting foreign-owned spaza shops that have penetrated villages; the effect of proximity to borders; and highways also facilitates truck and car hijacking; and targeted robbery of entities such as British American Tobacco in the Western Cape.

As a sub-category of robbery aggravated, the following crimes, termed TRIO crime have performed as follows:

➣ Carjacking has reduced by 35.7% over 9 years (2004/5-2012/13); 37.6% during the past 4 years (2009/10-2012/13); and only realised an increase of 2.0.1% during the past financial year (2012/13) as illustrated in the graph 15 below:

GRAPH 15

In terms of table 9 below, over the past 4 years the overall crime has reduced by 37.6%, an average of 9.4% per annum. The provinces that have experienced a decrease in this crime include Mpumalanga (67.8%), Gauteng (45.8%), KwaZulu-Natal (41.6%), Limpopo (24.7%), and North West (11.9%). The highest increase was the Northern Cape at 290.6%. During the reporting financial year, there was an overall increase of 2.1% and the main


22

contributors include Northern Cape (20.0%), Limpopo (40.6%), Western Cape (30.4%), KwaZulu-Natal (13.9%) and Eastern Cape (11.9%).

TABLE 9: CARjACkING: 2009/10 - 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 10.7 9.1 7.8 9.4 10.5 - 1.7% 11.9%

Free State 8.9 10.9 8.3 10.3 10.3 16.6% 0.0%

Gauteng 73.3 70.7 53.0 44.1 39.7 - 45.8% - 10.0%

KwaZulu-Natal 40.2 35.6 24.6 20.6 23.5 - 41.6% 13.9%

Limpopo 5.5 4.8 3.3 2.9 4.1 - 24.7% 40.6%

Mpumalanga 27.4 19.7 11.8 10.1 8.8 - 67.8% - 12.4%

North West 7.4 7.9 7.4 7.3 6.5 - 11.9% - 11.0%

Northern Cape 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.8 2.4 290.6% 200.0%

Western Cape 13.3 10.7 8.7 10.2 13.4 0.7% 30.4%

RSA 30.6 28.2 21.3 18.7 19.1 - 37.6% 2.1%

➣ Robbery at residential premises is to be one of the deemed stubborn crimes and has increased by 69.8% over 9 years, but reduced by 9.5% during the past 4 years and has once more indicated an increase by 3.6% during the past financial year as shown below (graph 16):

GRAPH 16

As shown in table 10 below, the overall decrease during the past 4 years was 9.5% at an average of 2.4% per annum. The provinces that have contributed to the reduction include: Gauteng (32.4%), Mpumalanga (16.6%) and KwaZulu-Natal (12.5%). The highest increases were experienced in Northern Cape (125.0%), Free State (78.8%), Western Cape (50.8%) and Limpopo (45.4%). During the reporting financial year, this crime has increased by 3.6%. Contributing provinces to the increase include: Free State (26.7%), KwaZulu-Natal (14.7%) and Northern Cape (11.1%).


23

TABLE 10: ROBBERY RESIDENTIAL: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 23.1 24.2 23.1 25.6 26.2 13.4% 2.3%

Free State 17.0 18.4 22.6 24.0 30.4 78.8% 26.7%

Gauteng 78.4 76.4 62.9 55.9 53.0 - 32.4% - 5.2%

KwaZulu-Natal 45.5 43.8 37.6 34.7 39.8 - 12.5% 14.7%

Limpopo 9.7 11.2 9.7 13.6 14.1 45.4% 3.7%

Mpumalanga 33.1 36.0 28.9 32.5 27.6 - 16.6% - 15.1%

North West 26.8 26.1 25.9 27.5 28.8 7.5% 4.7%

Northern Cape 4.0 5.6 3.7 8.1 9.0 125.0% 11.1%

Western Cape 18.5 21.8 23.3 25.4 27.9 50.8% 9.8%

RSA 37.9 38.1 33.8 33.1 34.3 - 9.5% 3.6%

➣ Robbery at non-residential premises is one of the persistent crimes and has shown a constant increase of 296.2% over 9 years, and the past 4 years (i.e. 9.4%), but has reduced by 0.6% during the past financial year, as illustrated in graph 17 below:

GRAPH 17

Table 11 below indicates that the provinces that contributed to the 9.4% increase in this crime over the past 4 years, at an average of 2.4% increase per annum, include: Eastern Cape (129.5%), Limpopo (124.0%), Northern Cape (73.8%), Western Cape (63.2%), Free State (53.5%), Mpumalanga (40.8%) and North West (17.2%). The two provinces that contributed to a decrease during the same period include Gauteng (32.8%) and KwaZulu-Natal (8.1%). During the current reporting year, this crime has reduced by a marginal 0.6% and the main contributors to this reduction are: North West (16.2%), Mpumalanga (15.5%) and Gauteng (11.1%). The highest increases were recorded in KwaZulu-Natal (28.2%) and Western Cape (10.8%).


24

TABLE 11: ROBBERY AT OTHER PREMISES (BUSINESS): 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 12.9 19.1 24.6 31.8 29.6 129.5% - 6.9%

Free State 27.3 30.1 36.3 40.1 41.9 53.5% 4.5%

Gauteng 59.8 60.6 49.6 45.2 40.2 -38.8% -11.1%

KwaZulu-Natal 24.7 19.8 18.3 17.7 22.7 - 8.1% 28.2%

Limpopo 10.0 12.1 13.9 20.4 22.4 124.0% 9.8%

Mpumalanga 22.8 27.1 30.5 38.0 32.1 40.8% -15.5%

North West 29.6 32.7 36.3 41.4 34.7 17.2% - 16.2%

Northern Cape 10.7 12.8 14.2 19.2 18.6 73.8% - 3.1%

Western Cape 20.1 19.8 25.1 29.6 32.8 63.2% 10.8%

RSA 28.6 29.5 29.3 31.5 31.3 9.4% - 0.6%

Truck jacking is another form of robbery aggravated crime and has increased by 4.7% over 9 years, reduced by 34.4% during the past 4 years, and has increased by 14.9% during the past financial year, as shown below (graph 18):

GRAPH 18

Other crimes worth reporting on that relate to robbery aggravated include: Bank Robbery and Robbery of Cash-In-Transit. Robbery of Cash-In-Transit has reduced remarkably by 24.5% over 9 years; 62.4% during the past 4 years; and 20.3% during the past financial year (2012/13), as shown below (graph 19):


25

GRAPH 19

Bank robbery, has also reduced remarkably by 87.0% over 9 years; 93.1% during the past 4 years; and 80.0% during the past financial year (2012/13), as illustrated in graph 20 below:

GRAPH 20

The reduction in these types of crime can be attributed to constant sharing of intelligence with the banking industry, sharing of corroborating statistics to assist the processes of monitoring crime and implementation of the necessary interventions, provision of dedicated prosecutors, the deployment of quality detectives operating in the organised crime space, swift arrests of most kingpins and keeping them in custody, and unfortunate fatalities of perpetrators encountered as a result of confrontation with the police.

Needless to say, strategic and structured partnerships with the banking sector, through the South African Banking Risk Information Centre (SABRIC), have contributed to the drastic reduction in CIT and Bank Robberies, as the police acting alone could not have achieved such significant reductions.

Common robbery reduced by 50.3% over 9 years; 15.9% during the past 4 years; and 2.2% during the past financial year (2012/13), as shown in graph 21 below. The role of the community in supplying the necessary


26

information and patrolling the streets have drastically reduced crime.

GRAPH 21

As shown in table 12 below, the provinces that contributed to the overall reduction of this crime by 15.9% over the past 4 years include 8 provinces, namely: Gauteng (36.8%), Mpumalanga (36.0%), North West (24.2%), Eastern Cape (23.0%), Free State (20.3%), Northern Cape (19.6%), KwaZulu-Natal (6.4%) and Limpopo (12.7%).The Western Cape was the only province that has experienced an increase of 31.2%. During the reporting year, there was an overall decrease of 2.2% which was realized through the performance of the following provinces: Mpumalanga (15.6%), Gauteng (11.7%), North West (10.2%) and Limpopo (10.0%). The highest increase was KwaZulu-Natal at 12.6%.

TABLE 12: COMMON ROBBERY: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 90.6 81.1 82.5 72.1 69.8 - 23.0% - 3.2%

Free State 123.6 102.5 99.0 97.4 98.5 - 20.3% 1.1%

Gauteng 197.2 190.9 162.7 141.3 124.7 - 36.8% - 11.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 84.9 76.4 68.8 70.6 79.5 - 6.4% 12.6%

Limpopo 63.2 62.9 57.5 68.3 61.5 - 2.7% - 10.0%

Mpumalanga 121.9 110.0 98.0 92.4 78.0 - 36.0% - 15.6%

North West 90.2 87.2 85.6 76.2 68.4 - 24.2% - 10.2%

Northern Cape 115.7 117.2 106.5 86.6 93.0 - 19.6% 7.4%

Western Cape 160.4 176.8 199.1 210.3 210.5 31.2% 0.1%

RSA 121.7 116.7 109.8 104.7 102.4 - 15.9% - 2.2%


27

4.3 CONTACT-RELATED CRIME

Contact-related crime includes Arson and Malicious Damage to Property (or Malicious Injury to Property). This category of crime has reduced by 32.4% over 9 years; 16.1% during the past 4 years and 4.3% during the past financial year (2012/13) as shown below (graph 22):

GRAPH 22

Table 13 below indicates that, during the past 9 years, the overall reduction of 32.4% was contributed to by all the Provinces. The highest contributing provinces were: Gauteng (45.2%), Mpumalanga (40.5%) and Western Cape (40.1%).

TABLE 13: CONTACT-RELATED CRIME RATIOS (9 YEARS)


Baseline2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc/

Decr 03/04 - 12/13

Eastern Cape 242.9 240.6 235.0 247.6 233.7 223.2 215.0 216.0 205.1 209.1 - 13.9%

Free State 391.3 379.6 363.4 340.5 339.9 354.5 329.2 324.1 337.8 338.4 - 13.5%

Gauteng 546.1 516.8 495.6 480.3 457.2 434.6 434.3 381.0 344.4 299.3 - 45.2%

KwaZulu-Natal 236.3 221.6 206.3 196.7 182.7 173.6 172.2 166.4 154.0 162.1 - 31.4%

Limpopo 162.9 162.6 159.1 154.8 138.0 135.5 128.2 116.5 137.3 135.7 - 16.7%

Mpumalanga 269.7 275.0 270.3 266.7 249.7 260.5 243.6 210.4 189.4 160.4 - 40.5%

North West 295.4 259.3 242.9 224.1 228.4 224.1 216.3 215.5 215.4 193.3 - 34.5%

Northern Cape 473.2 440.5 367.8 338.5 325.4 305.4 285.2 269.3 273.3 287.6 - 39.2%

Western Cape 733.4 670.0 613.3 628.7 577.1 487.6 467.2 458.8 474.4 439.0 - 40.1%

RSA 360.1 341.2 323.9 319.0 301.7 289.8 281.5 263.8 254.3 243.3 - 32.4%

The contact-related crime ratio is depicted in table 14.


28

TABLE 14: CONTACT-RELATED CRIME: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 223.2 215.0 216.0 205.1 209.1 - 6.3% 1.9%

Free State 354.5 329.2 324.1 337.8 338.4 - 4.5 % 0.2%

Gauteng 454.6 434.3 381.0 344.4 299.3 - 31.1% - 13.1%

KwaZulu-Natal 178.6 172.2 166.4 154.0 162.1 - 6.6% 5.3%

Limpopo 135.5 128.2 116.5 137.3 135.7 0.2% - 1.1%

Mpumalanga 260.5 243.6 210.4 189.4 160.4 - 38.4% - 15.3%

North West 224.1 216.3 215.5 215.4 193.3 - 13.7% - 10.3%

Northern Cape 305.4 285.2 269.3 273.3 287.6 - 5.9% 5.2%

Western Cape 487.6 467.2 458.8 474.4 439.0 - 10.0% - 7.5%

RSA 289.8 281.5 263.8 254.3 243.3 - 16.1% - 4.3%

Arson has reduced by 38.9% over 9 years; 17.7% during the past 4 years; and 8.7% during the past financial year (2012/13), as indicated in graph 23 below:

GRAPH 23

As indicated in table 15 below, during the past 4 years, this crime reduced by 17.7%. The highest contributors to the reduction were Mpumalanga (56.2%), Gauteng (38.3%) and KwaZulu-Natal (21.0%). Certain provinces did not record a reduction, namely: Western Cape (22.0%), Limpopo (15.3%) and Northern Cape (7.0%). During the reporting period, this crime reduced by 8.7%, however, there were two provinces that recorded an increase, namely: Limpopo (12.3%) and Eastern Cape (2.7%).


29

TABLE 15: ARSON: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 16.1 16.9 16.5 15.0 15.4 - 4.3% 2.7%

Free State 13.7 13.8 13.2 15.7 14.5 5.8% - 7.6%

Gauteng 16.7 15.2 14.5 13.6 10.3 - 38.3% - 24.3%

KwaZulu-Natal 11.9 11.5 10.7 9.9 9.4 - 21.0% - 5.1%

Limpopo 11.1 11.8 10.4 11.4 12.8 15.3% 12.3%

Mpumalanga 17.8 15.9 11.2 9.2 7.8 - 56.2% - 15.2%

North West 15.3 12.2 15.7 15.7 12.9 - 15.7% - 17.8%

Northern Cape 15.8 14.6 16.1 17.0 16.9 7.0% - 0.6%

Western Cape 10.0 11.2 12.1 12.9 12.2 22.0% - 5.4%

RSA 14.1 13.6 13.1 12.7 11.6 - 17.7 - 8.7%

Malicious damage to property has reduced by 32.1% over 9 years; 16.0% during the past 4 years; and 4.1% during the past financial year (2012/13), as indicated in graph 24 below. It should be stated that the escalating violent incidences of public disorder have a bearing on the performance of these two crimes.

GRAPH 24

As indicated in table 16 below, during the past 4 years, this crime was reduced by 16.0%. The highest contributing provinces to this reduction were: Mpumalanga (37.1%), Gauteng (30.8%) and North West (13.6%). During the reporting period, this crime was reduced by 4.1%, however, there were 4 provinces that recorded an increase, namely: KwaZulu-Natal (6.0%), Northern Cape (5.6%), Eastern Cape (1.9%) and Free State (0.6%).


30

TABLE 16: MALICIOUS DAMAGE TO PROPERTY: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 207.2 198.1 199.5 190.1 193.7 - 6.5% 1.9%

Free State 340.8 31.5 310.8 322.1 324.0 - 4.9% 0.6%

Gauteng 417.9 419.2 366.5 330.3 289.0 - 30.8% - 12.6%

KwaZulu-Natal 161.8 160.7 155.7 144.0 152.7 - 5.6% 6.0%

Limpopo 124.4 116.4 106.2 125.8 122.9 - 1.2% - 2.3%

Mpumalanga 242.7 227.6 199.2 180.2 152.6 - 37.1% - 15.3%

North West 208.8 204.2 199.8 199.7 180.4 - 13.6% - 9.7%

Northern Cape 289.6 270.6 253.2 256.3 270.7 - 6.5% 5.6%

Western Cape 477.6 456.1 446.7 461.5 426.8 - 10.6% - 7.5%

RSA 275.8 267.9 250.7 241.6 231.7 - 16.0% - 4.1%

4.4 PROPERTY-RELATED CRIME

Property-related crime has reduced by 24.8% over 9 years and, although it has reduced by 1.4% during the past 4 years, it has increased slightly by 1.7% during the past financial year (2012/13), as indicated in graph 25 below:

GRAPH 25

As indicated in table 17 below, during the past 9 years, this crime was reduced by 24.8%. The highest contributors to the reduction were: Gauteng (42.5%), Northern Cape (31.2%), Western Cape (28.9%) and Eastern Cape (19.9%).


31

TABLE 17: PROPERTY CRIME RATIOS (9 YEARS)


Baseline2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc/

Decr 03/04 - 12/13

Eastern Cape 1 067.7 985.0 945.3 892.8 833.0 846.4 856.7 835.6 827.4 855.1 - 19.9%

Free State 1 431.2 1267.0 1208.8 1132.4 1085.6 1201.0 1148.7 1108.5 1173.7 1284.8 - 10.2%

Gauteng 2 156.9 1944.2 1897.2 1733.4 1616.7 1555.2 1606.3 1411.6 1311.5 1240.3 - 42.5%

KwaZulu-Natal 1 123.7 981.0 923.1 869.1 797.6 806.2 816.8 793.5 793.8 894.3 - 20.4%

Limpopo 532.3 503.0 470.4 457.6 427.3 460.9 504.1 465.5 532.3 527.3 - 0.9%

Mpumalanga 1 168.7 1086.2 1023.9 982.6 970.5 1033.8 1050.6 987.1 1007.7 907.2 - 22.4%

North West 1 040.3 939.4 937.0 847.2 840.4 878.5 906.9 949.8 946.5 906.1 - 12.9%

Northern Cape 1 592.1 1470.0 1190.7 1100.1 980.5 1017.6 1016.5 994.4 1008.8 1095.0 - 31.2%

Western Cape 2 727.2 2329.2 2094.4 2130.7 2036.0 1805.7 1892.1 1951.2 1973.5 1938.2 - 28.9%

RSA 1 434.3 1282.0 1217.1 1154.8 1089.9 1093.1 1122.0 1069.1 1059.9 1078.3 - 24.8% Burglary residential has reduced by 22.3% over 9 years, 1.0% during the past 4 years and by 3.3% during the past financial year, as indicated in graph 26 below:

GRAPH 26

As indicated in table 18 below, the highest contributors to the reduction were: Gauteng (17.1%), Mpumalanga (16.1%) and Eastern Cape (9.5%). However, the following provinces recorded an increase: KwaZulu-Natal (18.0%), Limpopo (16.1%) and Free State (12.1%). During the reporting period, there was an increase of 3.3% and the highest contributors were: KwaZulu-Natal (15.7%), Free State (14.6%) and Northern Cape (11.9%).


32

TABLE 18: HOUSEBREAkING RESIDENTIAL: 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 434.3 426.9 404.1 394.5 393.2 - 9.5% - 0.3%

Free State 563.0 545.2 528.5 550.9 631.1 12.1% 14.6%

Gauteng 663.3 711.2 632.6 571.3 549.9 - 17.1% - 3.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 372.6 386.6 371.5 380.1 439.6 18.0% 15.7%

Limpopo 235.0 267.4 246.7 274.6 272.9 16.1% - 0.6%

Mpumalanga 552.6 536.5 500.7 498.7 463.4 - 16.1% - 7.1%

North West 418.1 431.6 461.7 448.6 444.2 6.2% - 1.0%

Northern Cape 481.0 483.6 452.5 443.7 496.3 3.2% 11.9%

Western Cape 815.7 808.3 838.5 843.4 840.1 3.0% - 0.4%

RSA 506.5 520.2 485.4 485.4 501.4 - 1.0% 3.3%

Besides other opportunistic factors such as industrialisation and transport networks that keep homeowners away from home for the greater part of the day, other observed contributing factors include break-ins associated with student dwellings where students were either victims or perpetrators; negligence demonstrated by homeowners to implement basic security measures such as locking windows; family members breaking into their own homes to service drug addiction and other economic needs; and the inviting market for selling stolen goods.

Burglary non-residential has increased by 1.1% over 9 years, reduced by 2.0% during the past 4 years, and again increased by 1.7% during the past financial year (graph 27).

GRAPH 27

As indicated in table 19 below, during the past 4 years, this crime was reduced by 2.0%. The highest contributors to the reduction were: Gauteng (25.6%), Mpumalanga (10.4%) and North West (2.9%). The following provinces recorded an increase: Eastern Cape (21.2%), Western Cape (12.4%) and Northern Cape (12.0%). During the reporting period, the crime increased by 1.7%. The highest contributing provinces were: Eastern Cape (20.0%), KwaZulu-Natal (14.2%) and Free State (9.6%).


33

TABLE 19: HOUSEBREAkING AT OTHER PREMISES (BUSINESS): 2009/10 -2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 94.4 96.9 96.6 95.3 114.4 21.2% 20.0%

Free State 191.5 179.1 180.9 188.0 206.18 7.6% 9.6%

Gauteng 168.1 170.0 149.7 141.4 125.0 - 25.6% - 11.6%

KwaZulu-Natal 110.6 108.3 103.2 101.3 115.7 4.6% 14.2%

Limpopo 120.3 119.6 108.0 119.1 119.4 - 0.7% 0.3%

Mpumalanga 148.4 153.6 144.7 150.1 132.9 - 10.4% - 11.5%

North West 156.8 155.4 155.8 161.5 152.3 - 2.9% - 5.7%

Northern Cape 182.8 194.9 184.4 205.4 204.8 12.0% - 0.3%

Western Cape 198.6 215.5 221.7 222.3 223.3 12.4% 0.4%

RSA 143.8 145.5 138.2 138.5 140.9 - 2.0% 1.7%

Business growth analysis is critical to ensure adequate deployment of policing resources as a law enforcement initiative to reduce this crime. Some of the identified contributors to the crime include: the spread of foreign-owned businesses that are also utilised as residences and the utilisation of these residences for cash storages and the lack of minimum or basic security measures on the small business premises. A joint effort by business and government to ensure that proper business processes are followed by all businesses is required.

Theft of motor vehicles and motor cycles has reduced by 41.2% over 9 years; 28.4% during the past 4 years; and 4.4% during the past financial year (2012/13), as indicated in graph 28 below. The advanced technology investment in vehicle security and the increased police recoveries have contributed to the reduction in this crime.

GRAPH 28

As indicated in table 20 below, during the past 4 years, the crime was reduced by 28.4% and the highest contributors to this reduction were: Gauteng (40.6%), Mpumalanga (30.8%) and KwaZulu-Natal (21.2%). Only one province recorded an increase during this period, the Northern Cape (13.8%). During the reporting period, the crime was reduced by 4.4%. Only two provinces recorded marginal increases, namely: KwaZulu-Natal (1.3%) and Free State (1.2%).


34

TABLE 20: THEFT: MOTOR vEHICLE/CYCLE: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 65.9 64.1 59.0 56.9 56.1 - 14.9% - 1.4%

Free State 91.6 83.7 78.5 72.9 73.8 - 19.4% 1.2%

Gauteng 372.6 345.0 288.4 246.7 221.2 - 40.6% - 10.3%

KwaZulu-Natal 120.1 109.6 99.5 93.4 94.6 - 21.2% 1.3%

Limpopo 20.6 20.9 16.4 18.4 18.1 - 12.1% - 1.6%

Mpumalanga 89.1 90.1 76.1 74.6 61.7 - 30.8% - 17.3%

North West 75.1 77.5 76.8 74.5 63.8 - 15.0% - 14.4%

Northern Cape 23.9 21.1 22.3 27.4 27.2 13.8% - 0.7%

Western Cape 205.5 187.4 174.2 164.0 156.0 - 24.1% - 4.9%

RSA 156.0 145.5 129.0 116.8 111.7 - 28.4% - 4.4%

Theft out of or from motor vehicles has reduced by 27.9% over 9 years, but increased by 18.8% during the past 4 years, and has also increased by 3.6% during the past financial year, as indicated in graph 29 below:

GRAPH 29

As indicated in table 21 below, during the past four years, there was increase of 18.8% and the highest contributing provinces were: Limpopo (48.9%), KwaZulu-Natal (36.0%) and Eastern Cape (23.1%). There was only 1 province that recorded a reduction, namely Gauteng (1.6%).


35

TABLE 21: THEFT OUT OF/FROM MOTOR vEHICLE: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 148.4 154.9 164.8 173.1 182.7 23.1% 5.5%

Free State 181.0 167.3 155.9 182.8 205.8 13.7% 12.6%

Gauteng 343.5 371.6 334.6 346.3 337.9 - 1.6% - 2.4%

KwaZulu-Natal 128.4 136.1 149.8 147.5 174.6 36.0% 18.4%

Limpopo 57.5 66.4 63.8 86.0 85.6 48.9% - 0.5%

Mpumalanga 155.8 178.2 185.2 204.6 182.7 17.3% - 10.7%

North West 147.5 151.2 170.3 169.6 160.2 8.6% - 5.5%

Northern Cape 187.8 162.7 191.2 206.8 223.4 19.0% 8.0%

Western Cape 568.7 660.2 697.8 725.7 701.6 23.4% - 3.3%

RSA 225.0 245.1 246.2 257.9 267.2 18.8% 3.6%

It should be noted that this crime has increased because it has become more difficult to steal cars due to the escalated security measures that have been designed for newer models. The common modus operandi shared by affected provinces on this crime is the electronic jamming of locking systems and the breaking of motor vehicle windows. The increase in the second-hand goods market and the presence of pawn shops for selling stolen items also facilitates this crime, hence the need to concentrate on enhancing public education initiatives with relevant stakeholders to discourage the buying of stolen goods. Continuous inspections of pawn shops and large warehouses by police to reduce the market will also be enhanced.

Stock theft has also reduced by 35.7% over 9 years; 7.3% during the past 4 years; and 6.5% during the past financial year (2012/13) as shown in graph 30 below:

GRAPH 30

Table 22 below indicates that the average decrease of 7.3% over the past 4 years was as a result of the reductions that were experienced in certain provinces with the highest reductions occurring in: Mpumalanga (24.5%), Gauteng (18.4%), Limpopo (14.2%), North West (5.5%) and Eastern Cape (5.0%). The reduction of 6.5% in 2012/13 was influenced by the decrease in 6 of the 9 provinces, with Northern Cape (5.8%), Gauteng (5.1%) and Eastern Cape (0.9%) showing an increase.


36

TABLE 22: STOCk THEFT: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 103.5 114.1 111.2 107.7 108.7 5.0% 0.9%

Free State 173.9 173.4 164.7 179.0 167.9 - 3.5% - 6.2%

Gauteng 7.6 8.4 6.4 5.9 6.2 - 18.4% 5.1%

KwaZulu-Natal 74.6 76.2 69.5 71.6 69.7 - 6.6% - 2.7%

Limpopo 27.5 29.7 30.6 34.2 31.4 14.2% - 8.2%

Mpumalanga 87.9 92.3 80.4 79.6 66.4 - 24.5% - 16.6%

North West 81.1 91.2 85.2 92.3 85.6 5.5% - 7.3%

Northern Cape 142.1 154.1 143.9 135.4 143.2 0.8% 5.8%

Western Cape 17.2 20.7 19.0 18.0 17.2 0.0% - 4.4%

RSA 61.7 65.7 60.3 61.2 57.2 - 7.3% - 6.5

Partnership efforts that the Department and Government have established with critical stakeholders operating in this environment are turning the tide. Enhanced visible policing and the prioritisation of this crime in rural environments and farming communities is also paying dividends.

4.5 OTHER SERIOUS CRIME

Other serious crime has reduced by 36.5% over 9 years; 11.4% during the past 4 years; and 5.3% during the past financial year (2012/13) as shown in graph 31 below:

GRAPH 31

As indicated in table 23 below, during the past 9 years, the crime was reduced by 36.5% and the highest contributors were: Northern Cape (54.6%), Gauteng (49.7%) and Mpumalanga (40.1%). All the provinces recorded a reduction in this category.


37

TABLE 23: OTHER SERIOUS CRIME (9 YEARS)


Baseline2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc/

Decr 03/04 - 12/13

Eastern Cape 1004.7 913.2 756.3 737.9 695.0 734.8 672.3 685.4 655.2 635.4 -36.8%

Free State 1478.9 1285.3 1124.2 999.2 1004.0 1086.8 997.0 991.2 1094.3 1067.7 -27.8%

Gauteng 2599.2 2302.1 1923.0 1855.9 1765.2 1714.2 1700.5 1573.0 1482.9 1308.3 -49.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 1067.4 907.1 749.6 725.8 687.0 741.1 727.9 736.2 732.4 757.6 -29.0%

Limpopo 611.3 560.0 494.5 489.1 467.1 475.9 450.2 427.5 487.0 476.9 -22.0%

Mpumalanga 1301.6 1146.8 1004.4 947.5 900.2 905.6 887.1 881.7 862.7 779.2 -40.1%

North West 1212.6 1046.7 884.9 818.5 798.8 852.3 783.8 820.4 783.5 754.8 -37.8%

Northern Cape 1762.9 1617.2 1134.4 996.1 937.8 987.0 939.5 832.1 852.6 800.0 -54.6%

Western Cape 3187.2 2942.0 2365.1 2423.6 2385.9 2296.8 2217.3 2213.7 2301.6 2020.6 -36.6%

RSA 1582.9 1409.7 1175.8 1144.4 1102.6 1134.5 1096.7 1069.9 1062.2 1005.6 -36.5% As indicated in table 24 below, during the past 4 years this crime was reduced by 11.4%. The highest contributing provinces were: Gauteng (23.7%), Northern Cape (18.9%) and Mpumalanga (14.0%). Only two provinces recorded an increase, namely: KwaZulu-Natal (2.2%) and Limpopo (0.2%). This crime was reduced by 5.3% during the reporting period. The highest contributing provinces were: Western Cape (12.2%), Gauteng (11.8%) and Mpumalanga (9.7%). Only KwaZulu-Natal recorded an increase (3.4%).

TABLE 24: OTHER SERIOUS CRIME: 2009/10 - 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 734.8 672.3 685.4 655.2 635.4 - 13.5% -3.0%

Free State 1086.8 997.0 991.2 1094.3 1067.7 - 1.8% -2.4%

Gauteng 1714.2 1700.5 1573.0 1482.9 1308.3 - 23.7% - 11.8%

KwaZulu-Natal 741.1 727.9 736.2 732.4 757.6 2.2% 3.4%

Limpopo 475.9 450.2 427.5 487.0 476.9 - 0.2% - 2.1%

Mpumalanga 905.6 887.1 881.7 863.7 779.2 - 14.0% -9.7%

North West 852.3 783.8 820.4 783.5 754.8 - 11.4% -3.7%

Northern Cape 987.0 939.5 832.1 852.6 800.0 - 18.9% - 6.2%

Western Cape 2296.8 2217.3 2213.7 2301.6 2020.6 - 12.0% -12.2%

RSA 1134.5 1096.7 1069.9 1062.2 1005.6 - 11.4% -5.3%

All other theft has also reduced by 46.9% over 9 years; 14.3% during the past 4 years; and 7.0% during the past financial year (2012/13), as depicted in graph 32 below:


38

GRAPH 32

In terms of table 25 below, the only province that has indicated an increase in this crime over the past 4 years and during the reporting financial year is KwaZulu-Natal with a very minimal increase of 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The rest of the provinces have indicated a decrease over the past 4 years and during the reporting financial year.

TABLE 25: ALL THEFT NOT MENTIONED ELSEwHERE: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 511.4 434.9 456.4 434.7 407.1 - 20.4% - 6.3%

Free State 853.8 752.6 707.5 713.5 709.8 - 16.9% - 0.5%

Gauteng 1181.9 1113.1 1041.1 1010.0 882.1 - 25.4% - 12.7%

KwaZulu-Natal 486.7 448.7 472.3 491.3 492.1 1.1% 0.2%

Limpopo 340.4 307.2 297.5 354.3 325.2 - 4.5% - 8.2%

Mpumalanga 690.6 647.9 654.2 622.7 535.0 - 22.5% -14.1%

North West 634.8 554.6 602.9 571.9 497.9 - 21.6% -12.9%

Northern Cape 719.4 647.8 580.1 614.2 608.5 - 15.4% - 0.9%

Western Cape 1722.8 1616.3 1626.9 1752.9 1548.6 - 10.1% -11.7%

RSA 809.5 745.0 736.3 746.1 694.1 - 14.3% -7.0%

A few highlights to illustrate some of the successes that resulted from law enforcement interventions include: 614 arrests and 139 convictions effected as a result of investigations into the theft of copper cables over the past 4 years. A total of 70 642kg copper cable and 7 270kg aluminium were confiscated to date. As a collaborative initiative, a National Non-ferrous Metals Crime Combating Committee (NFMCCC) has been established with key role-players to further reduce these thefts.

Commercial crime (Fraud) has increased by 45.5% over 9 years, increased by 10.1% during the past 4 years, and increased by a further 0.6% during the past financial year, as shown in graph 33 below:


39

GRAPH 33

As indicated in table 26 below, during the past 4 years this crime increase by 10.1% with the highest contributors being the Free State (110.7%), Limpopo (52.1%) and North West (48.2%). Only three provinces recorded a decrease, namely: Gauteng (16.0%), Northern Cape (12.7%) and Western Cape (5.6%). During the reporting period, there was an increase of 0.6% in this crime. The highest contributing provinces were: North West (41.9%), Limpopo (17.3%), KwaZulu-Natal (10.5%), Mpumalanga (7.7%) and Eastern Cape (6.1%). TABLE 26: COMMERCIAL CRIME: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 102.9 117.2 123.7 126.8 134.5 30.7% 6.1%

Free State 112.9 120.5 167.5 272.6 237.9 110.7% - 12.7%

Gauteng 294.4 323.7 310.6 275.0 247.2 - 16.0% - 10.1%

KwaZulu-Natal 128.3 131.8 143.5 126.5 139.8 9.0% 10.5%

Limpopo 53.6 57.5 58.1 69.5 81.5 52.1% 17.3%

Mpumalanga 113.7 129.8 127.4 152.6 164.3 44.5% 7.7%

North West 130.2 149.2 140.0 136.0 193.0 48.2% 41.9%

Northern Cape 88.4 99.7 103.4 103.4 77.2 - 12.7% - 25.3%

Western Cape 216.0 218.4 227.6 227.6 203.8 - 5.6% - 10.5%

RSA 159.1 172.0 176.8 174.1 175.2 10.1% 0.6%

Some of the facilitators related to this crime include: syndicated card cloning and dealing in counterfeit cigarettes and related corruption at the ports of entry, which facilitates the route for counterfeit cigarettes. As part of the interventions, strengthening policing partnerships with the Tobacco Industry of South Africa is critical.

Shoplifting reduced by 12.0% over 9 years; 17.8% during the past 4 years; and 3.9% during the past financial year (2012/13) as shown in graph 34 below:


40

GRAPH 34

In terms of table 27 below, during the past 4 years the crime showed a reduction of 17.8% with all provinces recording a reduction and the highest contributing provinces being: Northern Cape (36.2%), North West (26.7%), Western Cape (25.1%), Gauteng (24.7%), Eastern Cape (22.1%) and Mpumalanga (21.1%). During the reporting period, the crime was reduced by 3.9%, the highest contributors were: Western Cape (16.5%), North West (15.5%) and Northern Cape (15.3%). However, there were 4 provinces that recorded an increase: Limpopo (10.9%), Free State (10.9%), KwaZulu-Natal (9.8%) and the Eastern Cape (0.1%).

TABLE 27: SHOPLIFTING: 2009/10 – 2012/13


Baseline2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 % Inc or

Decr 08/09 - 12/13


12/13Eastern Cape 120.5 120.2 105.3 93.8 93.9 - 22.1% 0.1%

Free State 120.1 123.9 116.3 108.2 120.0 - 0.1% 10.9%

Gauteng 237.8 263.6 221.3 198.0 179.0 - 24.7% - 9.6%

KwaZulu-Natal 126.1 147.4 120.4 114.6 125.8 - 0.2% 9.8%

Limpopo 81.9 85.5 71.9 63.2 70.1 - 14.4% 10.9%

Mpumalanga 101.3 109.4 100.1 87.4 79.9 - 21.1% - 8.6%

North West 87.2 80.0 77.5 75.6 63.9 - 26.7% - 15.5%

Northern Cape 179.2 192.1 148.6 135.0 114.3 - 36.2% - 15.3%

Western Cape 358.0 382.7 359.2 321.2 268.2 - 25.1% - 16.5%

RSA 165.9 179.7 156.8 142.0 136.4 - 17.8% - 3.9% This crime continues to silently and massively impact on the South African economy and job creation. Policing partnerships and strategic relations with the retail sector and the Consumer Goods Council of South Africa to cooperatively design strategies and interventions have been explored. This includes sharing of intelligence and statistical information, engaging mall managers to advise on security issues, and the implementation of high-impact initiatives to reduce the proliferation of counterfeit goods and other factors facilitating this crime.

4.6 POLICE-DETECTED CRIME

Empirical research the world over has conjectured that the abuse of liquor and drugs, and the proliferation of small arms and ammunition are contributory factors of crime. The use of illicit drugs, possession of illegal firearms and alcohol abuse are often associated with murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, assault, burglary, and


41

theft, to mention a few. The contribution of law enforcement interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in illegal premises, the circulation of illicit drugs and the proliferation of illegal firearms and ammunition has had a positive impact on the 17 crime categories that are reported to the SAPS by members of the public. Cases opened in relation to crimes continue to depict a constant upsurge, as shown in graph 35 below:

GRAPH 35

The number of illegal firearms currently in circulation which have to be confiscated by the police is indeterminate. The recorded decrease of 1.4% over the past 4 years (an average of 0.4% per annum) in the number of cases related to this category, as shown in graph 36 below, may be a reflection of the gradual shrinkage of the availability of firearms. There were 14 872 firearm-related cases reported in 2012/13, 20 145 firearms were confiscated, 4 936 were surrendered voluntarily and 56 051 firearms were destroyed and these efforts continue to impact on the availability of firearms and the removal of perpetrators from our streets. Of critical concern is the constant increase of new individual firearm license applications which serve as a potential for arming criminals as some of these firearms swell the figures of legal firearms reported to the police as either lost or stolen. During 2012/13 alone, 111 030 new firearm licenses were approved.


42

GRAPH 36

The increase in cases of unlawful possession of drugs and dealing in drugs is considered positive, though disquieting. During the past 5 years, increases of 78.2% (translating into a 15.6% annual average) and 64.4% (translating into a 16.1% annual average) respectively, were recorded, as depicted in graph 37 below. During 2012/13 alone, police detected and opened 206 825 cases ( a 13.5% increase) and confiscated large quantities of drugs. This includes the detection and dismantling of 41 clandestine laboratories, which has dealt the illegal manufacture and subsequent circulation of drugs within and outside the country, a heavy blow.

GRAPH 37

Besides the efforts of law enforcement, the reduction of these crimes is highly dependent on a collaborative effort by both the community and other critical stakeholders within and outside Government. For example, it remains an individual’s decision to drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol, i.e. to use public roads after utilising drugs having a narcotic effect or drink beyond acceptable limits. There has been a continuous increase (see graph 38 below) in these crimes over the past 9 years (153.1%), and during the past 4 years (17.8%), although


43

it has reduced slightly during 2012/13 (1.0% with 71 065 recorded crime). The increase in drug and alcohol confiscations cited above, requires focused interventions. Binge drinking, social drug use, reduction in civilian levels of firearm ownership, and continuous confiscations will reduce these police detected crimes and any form of crime associated with these facilitators.

GRAPH 38

5. POLICING PUBLIC ORDER INCIDENTS

We have continued to be steadfast in our efforts to restore and sustain stability in the country. As illustrated below, during 2012/13 alone the police managed to stabilise 12 399 public incidents, an average of 34 incidents per day. Of these, 10 517 were peaceful and 1 882 were violent public protests, with a total of 693 various criminal cases have been reported.

The operational environment for policing is also characterised by the escalating number of public unrest and the violent nature that it continues to espouse, as shown in graph 39 below. In order to stabilise these incidents, we continue to divert some of the local members who should be conducting basic policing to support public policing. This reinforces the need to procure additional and dedicated resources in order to capacitate Public Order Police to meet these growing challenges, and not leverage resources from visible or basic policing. This includes considering re-opening some of the dormant Public Order Policing Units and to accelerate our continued cooperation with other Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster stakeholders, to leverage on collective capacity in dealing with public order policing matters.


44

GRAPH 39

6. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, crime combating and prevention initiatives have been historically concentrated in urban and developed areas and the trends demonstrate that some crime is being displaced to less developed and rural areas. The SAPS has been revisiting existing strategies and exploring further innovative and cost efficient solutions to improve and adequately focus policing efforts in rural areas. This also includes leveraging on existing and new structured partnerships to ensure an inclusive approach to dealing with the scourge of crime. Additionally, there is an identified need to conduct a qualitative analysis of the primary factors driving violent crime, including murder and attempted murder, and to develop practical action plans or models to address these crimes. This includes a review of existing research products to advance an even deeper comprehension of this multi-faceted phenomenon and related factors.


45

AN

NExU

RE A

: S

YN

OPS

IS O

F S

ER

IOU

S C

RIM

E R

Aw

FIG

UR

ES

AN

D R

ATIO

S: N

ATIO

NAL

Tabl

e X

X p

rovi

des

a sy

nops

is o

f rep

orte

d cr

ime

and

ratio

s pe

r cat

egor

y fo

r eas

e of

refe

renc

e

DEF

INIT

ION

S O

F C

RIM

ESe

rious

Crim

e (R

epor

ted)

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

CO

NTA

CT

CR

IMES

(CR

IMES

AG

AIN

ST T

HE

PER

SON

)M

urde

r19

,824

18,7

9318

,545

19,2

0218

,487

18,1

4816

,834

15,9

4015

,609

16,2

59A

ttem

pted

mur

der

30,0

7624

,516

20,5

5320

,142

18,7

9518

,298

17,4

1015

,493

14,8

5916

,363

Tota

l Sex

ual O

ffenc

es66

,079

69,1

1768

,076

65,2

0163

,818

70,5

1468

,332

66,1

9664

,514

66,3

87A

ssau

lt w

ith th

e in

tent

to in

flict

grie

vous

bod

ily h

arm

260,

082

249,

369

226,

942

218,

030

210,

104

203,

777

205,

293

198,

602

192,

651

185,

893

Com

mon

ass

ault

280,

942

267,

857

227,

553

210,

057

198,

049

192,

838

197,

284

185,

891

181,

670

172,

909

Rob

bery

with

agg

rava

ting

circ

umst

ance

s 13

3,65

812

6,78

911

9,72

612

6,55

811

8,31

212

1,39

211

3,75

510

1,46

310

1,20

310

5,88

8C

omm

on ro

bber

y95

,551

90,8

2574

,723

71,1

5664

,985

59,2

3257

,537

54,8

8352

,980

53,5

40TO

TAL:

CO

NTA

CT

886,

212

847,

266

756,

118

730,

346

692,

550

684,

199

676,

445

638,

468

623,

486

617,

239

CO

NTA

CT

REL

ATED

CR

IME

Ars

on8,

806

8,18

47,

622

7,85

87,

396

6,84

66,

701

6,53

36,

418

6,06

4M

alic

ious

dam

age

to p

rope

rty15

8,24

715

0,78

514

4,26

514

3,33

613

6,96

813

4,26

113

2,13

412

5,32

712

2,22

112

1,11

3TO

TAL:

CO

NTA

CT

REL

ATED

CR

IME

167,

053

158,

969

151,

887

151,

194

144,

364

141,

107

138,

835

131,

860

128,

639

127,

177

Crim

e ca

tego

rySe

rious

Crim

e (R

atio

s)Pe

rcen

tage

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

2008

/200

9 an

d 20

12/2

013

Incr

ease

/ D

ecre

ase

2011

/201

2 an

d 20

12/2

013

CO

NTA

CT

CR

IMES

(CR

IMES

AG

AIN

ST T

HE

PER

SON

)M

urde

r42

.740

.339

.640

.538

.637

.334

.131

.930

.931

.1-1

6.6%

0.6%

Atte

mpt

ed m

urde

r64

.852

.643

.842

.539

.337

.635

.331

.029

.431

.3-1

6.8%

6.5%

Tota

l Sex

ual O

ffenc

es14

2.5

148.

414

5.2

137.

613

3.4

144.

813

8.5

132.

412

7.5

127.

0-1

2.3%

-0.4

%A

ssau

lt w

ith th

e in

tent

to in

flict

gr

ievo

us b

odily

har

m56

0.7

535.

348

4.0

460.

143

9.1

418.

541

6.2

397.

338

0.8

355.

6-1

5.0%

-6.6

%

Com

mon

ass

ault

605.

757

5.0

485.

344

3.2

413.

939

6.1

400.

037

1.8

359.

133

0.8

-16.

5%-7

.9%

Rob

bery

with

agg

rava

ting

circ

umst

ance

s28

8.1

272.

225

5.3

267.

124

7.3

249.

323

0.6

203.

020

0.1

202.

6-1

8.7%

1.2%

Com

mon

robb

ery

206.

019

5.0

159.

415

0.1

135.

812

1.7

116.

710

9.8

104.

710

2.4

-15.

9%-2

.2%

TOTA

L: C

ON

TAC

T1,

910.

61,

818.

71,

612.

61,

541.

11,

447.

31,

405.

31,

371.

51,

277.

21,

232.

51,

180.

8-1

6.0%

-4.2

%C

ON

TAC

T R

ELAT

ED C

RIM

EA

rson

19.0

17.6

16.3

16.6

15.5

14.1

13.6

13.1

12.7

11.6

-17.

7%-8

.7%

Mal

icio

us d

amag

e to

pro

perty

341.

232

3.7

307.

730

2.5

286.

227

5.8

267.

925

0.7

241.

623

1.7

-16.

0%-4

.1%


46

TOTA

L: C

ON

TAC

T R

ELAT

ED C

RIM

E36

0.1

341.

232

3.9

319.

030

1.7

289.

828

1.5

263.

825

4.3

243.

3-1

6.1%

-4.3

%

Crim

e ca

tego

rySe

rious

Crim

e (R

epor

ted)

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

PRO

PER

TY R

ELAT

ED C

RIM

EB

urgl

ary

at n

on-r

esid

entia

l pre

mis

es64

,629

56,0

4854

,367

58,4

3862

,995

70,0

0971

,773

69,0

8270

,041

73,6

30B

urgl

ary

at re

side

ntia

l pre

mis

es29

9,29

027

6,16

426

2,53

524

9,66

523

7,85

324

6,61

625

6,57

724

7,63

024

5,53

126

2,11

3Th

eft o

f mot

or v

ehic

le a

nd m

otor

cycl

e88

,144

83,8

5785

,964

86,2

9880

,226

75,9

6871

,776

64,5

0459

,097

58,3

70Th

eft o

ut o

f or f

rom

mot

or v

ehic

le17

1,98

214

8,51

213

9,09

012

4,02

911

1,66

110

9,54

812

0,86

212

3,09

113

0,47

513

9,65

8S

tock

-thef

t41

,273

32,6

7528

,742

28,8

2828

,778

30,0

4332

,380

30,1

4430

,949

29,8

94TO

TAL:

PR

OPE

RTY

REL

ATED

CR

IME

665,

318

597,

256

570,

698

547,

258

521,

513

532,

184

553,

368

534,

451

536,

093

563,

665

CR

IME

DET

ECTE

D A

S A

RES

ULT

OF

POLI

CE

AC

TIO

NIll

egal

pos

sess

ion

of fi

rear

ms

and

amm

uniti

on16

,839

15,4

9713

,453

14,3

5413

,476

14,0

4514

,542

14,4

7214

,461

14,8

72D

rug-

rela

ted

crim

e62

,689

84,0

0195

,690

104,

689

109,

134

117,

172

134,

840

150,

673

176,

307

206,

825

Driv

ing

unde

r the

influ

ence

of a

lcoh

ol o

r dru

gs24

,886

29,9

2733

,116

38,2

6148

,405

56,1

6562

,939

66,6

9769

,441

71,0

65TO

TAL:

CR

IME

DET

ECTE

D P

OLI

CE

AC

TIO

N10

4,41

412

9,42

514

2,25

915

7,30

417

1,01

518

7,38

221

2,32

123

1,84

226

0,20

929

2,76

2

Crim

e ca

tego

rySe

rious

Crim

e (R

atio

s)Pe

rcen

tage

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

2008

/200

9 an

d 20

12/2

013

Incr

ease

/ D

ecre

ase

2011

/201

2 an

d 20

12/2

013

PRO

PER

TY R

ELAT

ED C

RIM

EB

urgl

ary

at n

on-r

esid

entia

l pre

mis

es13

9.3

120.

311

6.0

123.

313

1.7

143.

814

5.5

138.

213

8.5

140.

9-2

.0%

1.7%

Bur

glar

y at

resi

dent

ial p

rem

ises

645.

259

2.8

559.

952

6.8

497.

150

6.5

520.

249

5.3

485.

450

1.4

-1.0

%3.

3%Th

eft o

f mot

or v

ehic

le a

nd m

otor

cycl

e19

0.0

180.

018

3.3

182.

116

7.7

156.

014

5.5

129.

011

6.8

111.

7-2

8.4%

-4.4

%Th

eft o

ut o

f or f

rom

mot

or v

ehic

le37

0.8

318.

829

6.6

261.

723

3.4

225.

024

5.1

246.

225

7.9

267.

218

.8%

3.6%

Sto

ck-th

eft

89.0

70.1

61.3

60.8

60.1

61.7

65.7

60.3

61.2

57.2

-7.3

%-6

.5%

TOTA

L: P

RO

PER

TY R

ELAT

ED

CR

IME

1,43

4.3

1,28

2.0

1,21

7.1

1,15

4.8

1,08

9.9

1,09

3.1

1,12

2.0

1,06

9.1

1,05

9.8

1,07

8.3

-1.4

%1.

7%

CR

IME

DET

ECTE

D A

S A

RES

ULT

OF

POLI

CE

AC

TIO

NIll

egal

pos

sess

ion

of fi

rear

ms

and

am

mun

ition

36.3

33.3

28.7

30.3

28.2

28.8

29.5

28.9

28.6

28.4

-1.4

%-0

.7%

Dru

g-re

late

d cr

ime

135.

118

0.3

204.

122

0.9

228.

124

0.7

273.

430

1.4

348.

539

5.6

64.4

%13

.5%

Driv

ing

unde

r the

influ

ence

of a

lcoh

ol

or d

rugs

53.7

64.2

70.6

80.7

101.

211

5.4

127.

613

3.4

137.

313

5.9

17.8

%-1

.0%

TOTA

L: C

RIM

E D

ETEC

TED

PO

LIC

E A

CTI

ON

225.

127

7.8

303.

433

1.9

357.

438

4.9

430.

546

3.8

514.

456

0.0

45.5

%8.

9%


47

Crim

e ca

tego

rySe

rious

Crim

e (R

epor

ted)

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

OTH

ER S

ERIO

US

CR

IMES

All

thef

t not

men

tione

d el

sew

here

606,

460

536,

281

432,

629

415,

163

395,

296

394,

124

367,

442

368,

095

377,

432

362,

816

Com

mer

cial

crim

e55

,869

53,9

3154

,214

61,6

9065

,286

77,4

7484

,842

88,3

8888

,050

91,5

69S

hopl

iftin

g71

,888

66,5

2564

,491

65,4

8966

,992

80,7

7388

,634

78,3

8371

,848

71,3

09TO

TAL:

OTH

ER

SE

RIO

US

CR

IME

S73

4,21

765

6,73

755

1,33

454

2,34

252

7,57

455

2,37

154

0,91

853

4,86

653

7,33

052

5,69

417

SE

RIO

US

CR

IME

S2,

452,

800

2,26

0,22

82,

030,

037

1,97

1,14

01,

886,

001

1,90

9,86

11,

909,

566

1,83

9,64

51,

825,

548

1,83

3,77

520

SE

RIO

US

CR

IME

S2,

557,

214

2,38

9,65

32,

172,

296

2,12

8,44

42,

057,

016

2,09

7,24

32,

121,

887

2,07

1,48

72,

085,

757

2,12

6,53

7SU

B C

ATEG

OR

IES

OF

AG

GR

AVAT

ED R

OB

BER

Y FO

RM

ING

PA

RT

OF

AG

GR

AVAT

ED R

OB

BER

Y A

BO

VEC

arja

ckin

g13

,793

12,4

3412

,825

13,5

9914

,201

14,9

1513

,902

10,6

279,

475

9,99

0R

obbe

ry a

t res

iden

tial p

rem

ises

9,35

19,

391

10,1

7312

,761

14,4

8118

,438

18,7

8616

,889

16,7

6617

,950

Rob

bery

at n

on-r

esid

entia

l pre

mis

es3,

677

3,32

04,

387

6,68

99,

862

13,9

2014

,534

14,6

6715

,951

16,3

77TO

TAL:

TR

IO C

RIM

E26

,821

25,1

4527

,385

33,0

4938

,544

47,2

7347

,222

42,1

8342

,192

44,3

17Tr

uck

hija

ckin

g90

193

082

989

21,

245

1,43

71,

412

999

821

943

Rob

bery

of c

ash

in tr

ansi

t19

222

038

346

739

538

635

829

118

214

5B

ank

robb

ery

5458

5912

914

410

293

3935

7TO

TAL:

SU

B C

ATEG

OR

IES

27,9

6826

,353

28,6

5634

,537

40,3

2849

,198

49,0

8543

,512

43,2

3045

,412

Crim

e ca

tego

rySe

rious

Crim

e (R

atio

s)Pe

rcen

tage

2003

/200

420

04/2

005

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2007

/200

820

08/2

009

2009

/201

020

10/2

011

2011

/201

220

12/2

013

2008

/200

9 an

d 20

12/2

013

Incr

ease

/ D

ecre

ase

2011

/201

2 an

d 20

12/2

013

OTH

ER S

ERIO

US

CR

IMES

All

thef

t not

men

tione

d el

sew

here

1,30

7.5

1,15

1.1

922.

787

6.0

826.

180

9.5

745.

073

6.3

746.

169

4.1

-14.

3%-7

.0%

Com

mer

cial

crim

e 12

0.4

115.

811

5.6

130.

213

6.4

159.

117

2.0

176.

817

4.1

175.

210

.1%

0.6%

Sho

plift

ing

155.

014

2.8

137.

513

8.2

140.

016

5.9

179.

715

6.8

142.

013

6.4

-17.

8%-3

.9%

TOTA

L: O

THER

SER

IOU

S C

RIM

ES1,

582.

91,

409.

71,

175.

81,

144.

41,

102.

61,

134.

51,

096.

71,

069.

91,

062.

21,

005.

6-1

1.4%

-5.3

%SU

B C

ATEG

OR

IES

OF

AG

GR

AVAT

ED R

OB

BER

Y FO

RM

ING

PA

RT

OF

AG

GR

AVAT

ED R

OB

BER

Y A

BO

VEC

arja

ckin

g29

.726

.727

.428

.729

.730

.628

.221

.318

.719

.1-3

7.6%

2.0%

Rob

bery

at r

esid

entia

l pre

mis

es20

.220

.221

.726

.930

.337

.938

.133

.833

.134

.3-9

.5%

3.6%

Rob

bery

at n

on-r

esid

entia

l pre

mis

es7.

97.

19.

414

.120

.628

.629

.529

.331

.531

.39.

4%-0

.6%


48

ANNExURE B: SYNOPSIS OF SERIOUS CRIME RAw FIGURES AND RATIOS: PROvINCIAL

Crime Category Eastern Cape2011/2012 2012/2013

CONTACT CRIMES (CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON)Murder 3,278 3,344Attempted murder 1,731 1,768Total Sexual Offences 9,239 9,567Assault with the intent to inflict grievous bodily harm 29,407 27,880Common assault 15,290 14,273Robbery with aggravating circumstances 12,526 11,794Common robbery 4,922 4,600TOTAL: CONTACT CRIME 76,393 73,226

CONTACT RELATED CRIMEArson 1,026 1,015Malicious damage to property 12,982 12,760TOTAL: CONTACT RELATED CRIME 14,008 13,775

PROPERTY RELATED CRIMEBurglary at non-residential premises 6,508 7,539Burglary at residential premises 26,941 25,902Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 3,883 3,693Theft out of or from motor vehicle 11,822 12,039Stock-theft 7,354 7,163TOTAL: PROPERTY RELATED CRIME 56,508 56,336

CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTIONIllegal possession of firearms and ammunition 1,462 1,538Drug-related crime 11,654 12,877Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 7,773 7,610TOTAL: CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE 20,889 22,025

OTHER SERIOUS CRIMESAll theft not mentioned elsewhere 29,689 26,822Commercial crime 8,658 8,858Shoplifting 6,405 6,184TOTAL: OTHER SERIOUS CRIMES 44,752 41,86417 SERIOUS CRIMES 191,661 185,20120 SERIOUS CRIMES 212,550 207,226


49

Crime Category Free State2011/2012 2012/2013

CONTACT CRIMES (CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON)Murder 963 1,023Attempted murder 869 947Total Sexual Offences 4,927 5,252Assault with the intent to inflict grievous bodily harm 15,079 15,385Common assault 18,090 17,716Robbery with aggravating circumstances 5,351 5,809Common robbery 2,687 2,708TOTAL: CONTACT CRIME 47,966 48,840

CONTACT RELATED CRIMEArson 432 398Malicious damage to property 8,890 8,904TOTAL: CONTACT RELATED CRIME 9,322 9,302


CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTIONIllegal possession of firearms and ammunition 330 436Drug-related crime 4,463 6,168Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 1,523 1,671TOTAL: CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE 6,316 8,275

OTHER SERIOUS CRIMESAll theft not mentioned elsewhere 19,690 19,509Commercial crime 7,524 6,540Shoplifting 2,986 3,297OTHER SERIOUS CRIMES 30,200 29,34617 SERIOUS CRIMES 119,877 122,80020 SERIOUS CRIMES 126,193 131,075


50

Crime Category Gauteng2011/2012 2012/2013


CONTACT RELATED CRIMEArson 1,539 1,287Malicious damage to property 37,474 36,015TOTAL: CONTACT RELATED CRIME 39,013 37,302

PROPERTY RELATED CRIMEBurglary at non-residential premises 16,019 15,582Burglary at residential premises 64,714 68,544Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 27,945 27,574Theft out of or from motor vehicle 39,228 42,110Stock-theft 663 778TOTAL: PROPERTY RELATED CRIME 148,569 154,588




51

Crime Category KwaZulu-Natal2011/2012 2012/2013


CONTACT RELATED CRIMEArson 1,074 975Malicious damage to property 15,583 15,797TOTAL: CONTACT RELATED CRIME 16,657 16,772





52

Crime Category Limpopo2011/2012 2012/2013

CONTACT CRIMES (CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON)Murder 735 702Attempted murder 704 713Total Sexual Offences 5,686 6,467Assault with the intent to inflict grievous bodily harm 14,701 13,755Common assault 10,518 9,596Robbery with aggravating circumstances 3,675 3,935Common robbery 3,793 3,352TOTAL: CONTACT CRIME 39,812 38,520


PROPERTY RELATED CRIMEBurglary at non-residential premises 6,613 6,508Burglary at residential premises 15,255 14,877Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 1,024 987Theft out of or from motor vehicle 4,777 4,666Stock-theft 1,897 1,711TOTAL: PROPERTY RELATED CRIME 29,566 28,749




53

Crime Category Mpumalanga2011/2012 2012/2013







54

Crime Category North West2011/2012 2012/2013







55

Crime Category Northern Cape2011/2012 2012/2013

CONTACT CRIMES (CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON)Murder 368 412

Attempted murder 549 543

Total Sexual Offences 1,738 1,844

Assault with the intent to inflict grievous bodily harm 8,432 8,679

Common assault 5,077 4,905

Robbery with aggravating circumstances 970 1,241

Common robbery 950 1,072

TOTAL: CONTACT CRIME 18,084 18,696CONTACT RELATED CRIME

Arson 186 195

Malicious damage to property 2,811 3,121

TOTAL: CONTACT RELATED CRIME 2,997 3,316PROPERTY RELATED CRIME

Burglary at non-residential premises 2,253 2,362

Burglary at residential premises 4,866 5,723

Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 301 314

Theft out of or from motor vehicle 2,268 2,576

Stock-theft 1,485 1,651

TOTAL: PROPERTY RELATED CRIME 11,173 12,626CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTION

Illegal possession of firearms and ammunition 56 65

Drug-related crime 2,672 2,861

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 868 829

TOTAL: CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE 3,596 3,755OTHER SERIOUS CRIMES

All theft not mentioned elsewhere 6,736 7,017

Commercial crime 1,134 890

Shoplifting 1,481 1,318

OTHER SERIOUS CRIMES 9,351 9,22517 SERIOUS CRIMES 41,605 43,86320 SERIOUS CRIMES 45,201 47,618


56

Crime Category Western Cape2011/2012 2012/2013



PROPERTY RELATED CRIMEBurglary at non-residential premises 11,757 13,184Burglary at residential premises 44,598 49,599Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 8,672 9,208Theft out of or from motor vehicle 38,375 41,422Stock-theft 952 1,018TOTAL: PROPERTY RELATED CRIME 104,354 114,431

CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTIONIllegal possession of firearms and ammunition 2,395 2,907

Drug-related crime 77,069 82,062

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 17,534 15,167

TOTAL: CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE 96,998 100,136



57

ANNExURE C: DEFINITIONS OF CRIME

1. CONTACT CRIME (CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON

1.1 MURDER

Murder consists in the unlawful and intentional killing of another human being.

1.2 ATTEMPTED MURDER

Attempted murder consists in the commission of an unlawful act with the intention of killing another human being but which does not result in the death of that human being.

1.3 SExUAL OFFENCES (BELOw ARE SOME OF THE SExUAL OFFENCES)

RAPE

Section 3 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007 (Act No. 32 of 2007) provides as follows:

→ Rape is the unlawful and intentional sexual penetration of a person without his or her consent.

COMPELLED RAPE


→ A person who unlawfully and intentionally compels another person, without his or her consent, to commit an act of sexual penetration of a third person, without the consent of the third person, is guilty of the offence of compelled rape.

SExUAL ASSAULT


→ A person who unlawfully and intentionally –

(a) sexually violates a person, without his or her consent; or

(b) inspires the belief in a person that he or she will be sexually violated, is guilty of the offence of sexual assault.

COMPELLED SExUAL ASSAULT


→ A person who unlawfully and intentionally compels another person, without his or her consent, to commit an act of sexual violation with a third person, without the consent of the third person, is guilty of the offence of compelled sexual assault.

ACTS OF CONSENSUAL SExUAL PENETRATION wITH CERTAIN CHILDREN (STATUTORY RAPE)


→ A person who commits an act of sexual penetration with a child is, despite the consent of the child to


58

the commission of such as act, guilty of the offence of having committed an act of consensual sexual penetration with a child.

ACTS OF CONSENSUAL SExUAL vIOLATION wITH CERTAIN CHILDREN (STATUTORY SExUAL ASSAULT)


→ A person who commits an act of sexual violation with a child is, despite the consent of the child to the commission of such as act, guilty of the offence of having committed an act of consensual sexual violation with a child.

1.4 ASSAULT wITH THE INTENT TO CAUSE GRIEvOUS BODILY HARM

Assault with the intent to cause grievous bodily harm is the unlawful and intentional direct or indirect application of force to the body of another person with the intention of causing grievous bodily harm to that person.

1.5 COMMON ASSAULT

Assault is the unlawful and intentional -

(a) direct or indirect application of force to the body of another person, or(b) threat of application of immediate personal violence to another, in circumstances in which the threatened

person is prevailed upon to believe that the person who is threatening him or her has the intention and power to carry out his threat.

1.6 ROBBERY wITH AGGRAvATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Robbery with aggravating circumstances is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation in aggravating circumstances of movable tangible property belonging to another.

SUB CATEGORIES OF AGGRAvATED ROBBERY FORMING PART OF AGGRAvATED ROBBERY

ROBBERY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE (EXCLUDING TRUCKS) ALSO KNOWN AS “CAR JACKING”

Robbery of a motor vehicle is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of a motor vehicle (excluding a truck) belonging to another.

ROBBERY OF TRUCK

Robbery of a truck is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of a truck (excluding a light delivery vehicle) belonging to another.

CASH-IN-TRANSIT ROBBERY

Cash-in-transit robbery is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of money or containers for the conveyance of money, belonging to another while such money or containers for the conveyance of money are being transported by a security company on behalf of the owner thereof.

BANK ROBBERY

Bank robbery is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of money which belongs to a bank from the bank during the office hours of that bank.

ROBBERY AT A RESIDENTIAL PREMISES (ALSO KNOWN AS HOUSE ROBBERY)

House robbery is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of property from residential


59

premises of another person.

ROBBERY AT NON-RESIDENTIAL PREMISES (ALSO KNOWN AS BUSINESS ROBBERY) Business robbery is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of property from the business of another person.

1.7 ORDINARY ROBBERY (ALSO kNOwN AS COMMON ROBBERY)

Robbery is the unlawful and intentional forceful removal and appropriation of movable tangible property belonging to another.

2. CONTACT-RELATED CRIME

2.1 ARSON

Arson is the unlawful and intentional setting of fire to immovable property belonging to another or to one’s own immovable insured property, in order to claim the value of the property from the insurer.

2.2 MALICIOUS INjURY TO PROPERTY

Malicious injury to property consists in the unlawful and intentional damaging of property belonging to another or one’s own insured property, with the intention to claim the value of the property from the insurer.

3. PROPERTY-RELATED CRIME

3.1 HOUSEBREAkING (ALSO kNOwN AS BURGLARY) (OTHER PREMISES)

Housebreaking of premises other than residential premises is committed by a person who unlawfully and intentionally breaks into a building or similar structure which is not used for human habitation and does not form part of residential premises, and enters or penetrates it with part of his body or with an instrument with which he intends to control something on the premises, with the intention to commit a crime on the premises.

3.2 HOUSEBREAkING (ALSO kNOwN AS BURGLARY) (RESIDENTIAL PREMISES)

Housebreaking (residential premises) is committed by a person who unlawfully and intentionally breaks into a building or similar structure, used for human habitation, and enters or penetrates it with part of his or her body or with an instrument with which he or she intends to control something on the premises, with the intention to commit a crime on the premises.

3.3 THEFT OF A MOTOR vEHICLE

Theft of a motor vehicle consists of the stealing of a motor vehicle belonging to another person

THEFT FROM A MOTOR vEHICLE

Theft from a motor vehicle consists of the unlawful and intentional removal of parts, accessories or equipment, that form part of a motor vehicle, from such vehicle, with the intention of permanently depriving the owner thereof of control over such parts, accessories or equipment taken from the vehicle .

THEFT OUT OF A MOTOR vEHICLE

Theft out of a motor vehicle consists of the unlawful and intentional removal of articles in or on the vehicle from the vehicle, with the intention of permanently depriving the owner thereof of control over such articles taken from the vehicle .

3.4 STOCk THEFT


60

Stock theft consists of the stealing of stock or produce belonging to another person

4. CRIMES DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTION

4.1 UNLAwFUL POSSESSION OF A FIREARM

Section 3 of the Firearms Control Act, 2000 (Act No. 60 of 2000), read with section 120(1) of the Act, provides as follows:

→ Any person who is unlawfully in possession of a firearm and who is not the holder of a licence, permit or authorisation to possess the firearm, is guilty of an offence.

4.2 UNLAwFUL POSSESSION OF AMMUNITION

Section 90 read with section 120(10)(b) of the Firearms Control Act, 2000 (Act No. 60 of 2000) provides as follows:

→ Any person who is unlawfully in possession of ammunition while he or she does not – (a) hold a licence in respect of a firearm capable of discharging that ammunition (b) hold a permit to possess ammunition; (c) hold a dealer’s licence, manufacturer’s licence, gunsmith’s licence, import, export or in-transit

permit or transporter’s permit issued in terms of this Act; or (d) have authorisation to be in possession thereof.4.3 UNLAwFUL USE OR POSSESSION OF DRUGS

Section 4 of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992 (Act No. 140 of 1992) provides as follows:

→ Any person who uses or has in his possession - (a) any dependence-producing substance; or (b) any dangerous dependence-producing substance or any undesirable dependence-producing

substance, is guilty of an offence.

4.4 UNLAwFUL DEALING IN DRUGS

Section 5 of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992 (Act No. 140 of 1992) provides as follows:

→ Any person who deals in -

(a) any dependence-producing substance; or (b) any dangerous dependence-producing substance or any undesirable dependence-producing

substance, is guilty of an offence.

4.5 DRUNkEN DRIvING

Section 65(1) of the National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996 provides as follows:

→ A person who,on a public road -

(a) drives a vehicle; or (b) occupies the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle the engine of which is running, while under the

influence of intoxicating liquor or a drug having a narcotic effect, is guilty of an offence.


→ A person who, on a public road

(a) drives a vehicle; or (b) occupy the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle the engine of which is running, while the


61

concentration of alcohol in any specimen of blood taken from any part of his body is not less than 0,05 gram per 100 millilitres, or in the case of a professional driver referred to in section 32, not less than 0,02 gram per 100 millilitres, is guilty of an offence.


→ A person who, on a public road -

(a) drives a vehicle; or (b) occupy the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle the engine of which is running, while the

concentration of alcohol in any specimen of breath exhaled by such person is not less than 0,24 milligrams per 1 000 millilitres, or in the case of a professional driver referred to in section 32, not less than 0,10 milligrams per 1000 millilitres, is guilty of an offence.

5. OTHER SERIOUS CRIME

5.1 ALL THEFT NOT MENTIONED ELSEwHERE (ALSO kNOwN AS ORDINARY THEFT)

Theft consists in the unlawful and intentional appropriation of another’s movable tangible property which is available in commerce, or of such property belonging to the perpetrator himself or herself but in respect of which somebody else has a particular right of possession.

5.2 COMMERCIAL CRIME

FRAUD (INCLUDING ATTEMPTED FRAUD)

Fraud is the unlawful, intentional distortion of the truth which is calculated to prejudice another.

FORGERY

Forgery is the unlawful, intentional falsification of a document or written instrument, calculated to cause prejudice.

UTTERING

Uttering is the unlawful offering, passing-off or communication of a forged document, with the intention to defraud, and which causes prejudice or potential prejudice to another.

5.3 SHOPLIFTING

Shoplifting consists of stealing from a self-service shop, during the shopping hours of that shop, an article which is offered for sale by that shop.


62

NOTES


63


64

AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL CRIME STATISTICS 2012/13 › ckfinder › userfiles › files ›...

Documents

Transcript of AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL CRIME STATISTICS 2012/13 › ckfinder › userfiles › files ›...