An Alternative

Storage Solution for MapReduce Eric Lomascolo

Director, Solutions Marketing

MapReduce Breaks the Problem Down Data Analysis

• Distributes processing work (Map) across compute

nodes and accumulates results (Reduce)

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• Hadoop is a popular open

source MapReduce S/W

• Processes unstructured

and semi-structured data

• HDFS™ uses location info

to replicate information

between nodes

–By Default 3 copies

*Hadoop Demystified

Rare Mile Technologies

About the Hadoop File System (HDFS)

• WORM access model

• Uses commodity hardware with the expectation that

failures will occur

• Reads data in large, contiguous data blocks and

process very large files

• Is Hardware agnostic

• Assumes that moving computation is cheaper than

moving data

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HDFS™ Performance is Limited

• HDFS Premise

–“Moving Computation is Cheaper Than Moving Data”

• The data ALWAYS has to be moved

–Either from local disk

–Or from the network

–Includes

• Replication operations for availability

• Results data movement

• And with a good network: the network wins

–Hadoop performance is gated by file system

performance

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Hadoop File System (HDFS) Challenges

• Performance

– a lack of caching in the case of random loads

– slow file modifications due to WORM and synchronous replication

– HTTP used for data transfer – cannot use DMA

• Scalability

– Large block sizes limits the number of files

– Limits full use of resources in the case when data is not at the

CPU

– HDFS RAID can eliminate need for replication but impacts CPU

• Storage

– Not POSIX compliant and non-general purpose access

– Data transfer into and out of Hadoop environment is required

– Data Replication storage costs

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Lustre ® – High Performance File System Alternative

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Client

Client

Client

Router

MDS MDS

OSS

OSS

OSS

disk

disk

disk

OSS

…

OSS OSS

Disk arrays &

SAN Fabric Lustre Client

1-100,000

Support multiple network types

Gemini, Myrinet, IB, GigE

Object Storage

Servers (OSS)

1-1,000s

Metadata

Servers (MDS)

Metadata

Target (MDT)

Object Storage

Target (OST)

OSS disk

CIFS Client

Gateway NFS

Client

Comparing HDFS to Lustre Cluster Setup Scenario

• 100 clients, 100 disks, Infiniband

• Disks: 1 TB High Capacity SAS drives (Seagate

Barracuda)

–80 MB/sec bandwidth with cache off

• Network: 4xSDR Infiniband

–1GB/s

• HDFS: 1 drive per client

• Lustre: 10 OSSs with 10 OSTs

IB Switch

Client

local

Client

local

Client

local

80MB/s 1GB/s

HDFS Setup

IB Switch

OSS

OST OST OST

OSS

OST OST OST

Client Client Client

80MB/s 1GB/s

Lustre Setup

Comparing HDFS to Lustre Theoretical Part I

• 100 clients, 100 disks, SDR Infiniband

• HDFS: 1 drive per client

–Local client bandwidth is 80MB/s

• Lustre: Each OSS has

–Lustre bandwidth is 800MB/s aggregate (80MB/s * 10)

• Assuming bus bandwidth to access all drives simultaneously

–Net bandwidth 1GB/s (IB is point to point)

• With 10 OSSs, we have same capacity & bandwidth

• Network is not the limiting factor!

Comparing HDFS to Lustre Theoretical Part II - Striping

• In terms of raw bandwidth, network does not limit

data access rate

• Striping the data for each Hadoop data block, we

can focus our bandwidth on delivering a single block

• HDFS limit, for any 1 node: 80MB/s

• Lustre limit, for any 1 node: 800MB/s

–Assuming striping across 10 OSTs

–Can deliver that to 10 nodes simultaneously

• Typical MR workload is not simultaneous access

(after initial job kickoff)

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MapReduce I/O Benchmark

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8 Nodes

QDR IB

8 Drives (80MB/s)

HDFS

-8 Nodes

-1 Disk each

Lustre

-2 OSS

-4 OST Disks

MR Sort Benchmark

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Hadoop

Data

Movement

Limited to:

Local disk

&

HTTP

Protocols

Lustre Advantages for Hadoop

• Performance

– Caching file system with complete cache coherence

– High performance file modifications – replication not required

– Uses high speed DMA for data transfers

• Scalability

– Support for billions of files – 2.5 Billion

– All compute clients have access to data

– Can leverage standard data and system availability techniques

• Storage

– POSIX compliant

– No data transfer for pre and post processing required

– Reduces need to manage multiple copies between analytic systems

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ClusterStor™ 6000 A Big Data Scale-Out Solution

Delivering the Ultimate in

HPC Data Storage with:

Optimized time to productivity

Efficiency, application availability, results

Unmatched file system

performance – Delivered!

Industry’s fastest just got two times faster

Highest reliability, availability

and serviceability

Enterprise level resiliency

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ClusterStor Solutions

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An integrated and scalable HPC data storage

solution designed to be

Easy to

deploy, use,

and manage

Delivering

efficiency,

application availability,

and massive results

Lustre® Community and Xyratex

Roles in the Lustre® Community

OpenSFS & EOFS Board

Member

- Direct funding of Lustre tree & roadmap

development

Active Contributor to

Lustre Source & Roadmap

-World class Lustre development team on

staff

Integration of Lustre into

ClusterStor™

- Industry leading HPC storage solutions

Lustre Support Services

-ClusterStor, Lustre & 3rd

party hardware

ClusterStor 6000 Optimized time to productivity

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Uses Xyratex exclusive parallel scale-out file system

processing and I/O architecture

Leverages latest in Xyratex application platform

technologies and Lustre® integration

Results in increased file system throughput and

capacity efficiencies on a per rack unit volume basis

Fully

Integrated

Optimized

HW/SW Factory

Tested

Shipped

Ready to Go

ClusterStor Delivers Scale-Out Lustre Scalable Storage Unit - SSU - Building Block

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Client

Client

Client

Router

MDS MDS

OSS

OSS

OSS

disk

disk

disk

OSS

…

OSS OSS

Disk arrays &

SAN Fabric Lustre Client

1-100,000

Support multiple network types

Gemini, Myrinet, IB, GigE

Object Storage

Servers (OSS)

1-1,000s

Metadata

Servers (MDS)

Metadata

Target (MDT)

Object Storage

Target (OST)

OSS disk

CIFS Client

Gateway NFS

Client ClusterStor SSU

ClusterStor HA-MDS

ClusterStor 6000 – Scale-Out Building Blocks Unmatched file system performance – Delivered!

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Industry’s fastest just got two times faster

Linear processing scalability supports

installations up to 1 TB/s file system throughput

and tens of PBs of storage capacity

Each ClusterStor

6000 Scalable

Storage Unit (SSU)

Produces

6 GB/sec of File

System

Performance

ClusterStor Scalable Storage Unit (SSU)

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*Xyratex ClusterStor

White Paper

ClusterStor 6000

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ClusterStor 6000 SSU

Produces 6.0 GB/sec IOR

Doubles SSU Performance

ClusterStor Embedded Server Module

Two Modules per SSU for high availability

Increased

Performance

42GB/sec per rack

Latest Processor

Technology

2X Memory

FDR InfiniBand

ClusterStor Family Performance and Capacity More Performance and Storage Capacity in Less Space

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5.76 11.52 17.28 23.04

ClusterStor 6000

Doubles SSU

Performance

GigaBytes

Performance (User Level

Sustained IOR

Lustre® File

System

Performance)

90

270

180

360

ClusterStor 3000

PetaBytes

(User Level

Storage

Capacity)

30 60 90 120 Number

of SSUs

28.80

150

ClusterStor 6000 Highest reliability, availability and serviceability

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Fully resilient software-hardware integration with low

level diagnostics, embedded monitoring, enterprise

level data protection architecture, proactive alerts

Easy to

Manage

Real Time

Monitoring

Xyratex Confidential

ClusterStor – Powering The Fastest

Storage System in The World (Q3 2012)

Exponentially less cost, space, cooling

and power than the competition!

>1TB/second

Aggregate Bandwidth

Xyratex

CS-6000

System

Number of Racks: 36

Square Footage: 644 ft2

Hard Drives: 17,280

Power: ~0.443MW

Heat Dissipation (BTUs): 1,165,600

Links

• Xyratex

–http://www.xyratex.com/

• NCSA

–http://www.ncsa.illinois.edu/

• Hadoop Demystified

–http://blog.raremile.com/2012/06/hadoop-demystified/

• Wikibon on Big Data

–http://wikibon.org/wiki/v/Big_Data

–http://wikibon.org/blog/taming-big-data/

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Xyratex Confidential

Thank You

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