An Age of Expansion. Young Americans The new young men of America – mid 1800’s Stood for...
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An Age of Expansion
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Young AmericansThe new young men of America – mid 1800’sStood for industrial growthExpansionWanted Texas, Oregon and Mexican TerritoriesMostly young Democrats
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OregonArea between Rockies and Pacific OceanUnited States and England both claimed this areaAmerican northern border became 49th parallel (later northern border of Washington State)
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MexicoGained independence from Spain 1821Republic of Mexico (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado)Mexico opened lands to immigrationMust be Catholic /non-slave
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TexasStephen F. AustinAttracted others to settle in TexasWithin a year =2,021Friction developed between Mexican government and settlersMany in Texas refused to free their slavesSoon Mexico stopped further immigration
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Texans were also upset that they were not allowed self governmentAustin went to Mexico to speak with commanderBan on immigration liftedAustin was arrested and jailed
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Texas Independence1835 Texans revoltedSanta Anna sent troops to put down the revolutionAlamo, Goliad, etc Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto RiverIndependence March 2, 1836
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MormonsReligious sect founded in AmericaJoseph Smith was the founder- published the Book of the MormonsEstablished communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837Persecuted
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Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt LakePolygamy practiced (more than one spouse)Later the United States would try and get rid of the Mormons by forceLater the 2 sides agreed on peace and Mormons accepted US authority
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Manifest Destiny
American belief that God was on the side of their expansionLeaders in America wanted all lands west and as much north and south as they could get
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Fifty-four forty or Fight
Americans were willing to go to war over the Oregon Territory 1845-1846United States and England avoided warPresident Polk let Congress decide on the agreement (boundary)
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War With MexicoUnited States annexed TexasMexico and United States at odds over boundaryGeneral Zachary Taylor was sent to Rio GrandeApril 24 Mexican army crossed the riverWar – with MexicoAmericans marched deep into Mexico (Mexico City)
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Ended WarAdded 500,000 square miles to the size of America20% largerCalifornia, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona and parts of Colorado
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Railroads1840’s trains reached speeds of 20-30 mphVery unsafeUsed to transport people and suppliesRailroad boom – across AmericaLink American cities and coast to coastEnormous boost to American economySteele industry growth
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Industrial Revolution
Eli Whitney – Cotton GinMade the production of cotton less expensive and more profitable (effect on slaves?)
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Cyrus McCormick – reaper – cut six acres of grain a day
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Elias Howe – sewing machine (effect?)
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Bessemer process – removed impurities from steel
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Edwin Drake – First oil well
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John Deer – Steel Plow
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Samuel Morse – Telegraph – intercontinental cable
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Charles Goodyear – rubber
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George Pullman – Pullman Car (effect?)
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Gold Rush
Gold discovered in California. Causes mass movement of people to California
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Immigration1820’s –1840’s – 700,000 immigrantsMainly from Great Britain and Germany1840’s –1860’s – 4.2 millionMost from Ireland – potato famine
Poor, disease ridded, catholicMost to the cities to fill needed factory jobsTenements and ghettosMany Germans went into western areas – less prejudice
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New Working ClassMost minorities ended in factories, mines and construction camps, and railroadsFactory workers – low wages and owners large profitsWorking class was no longer the artisans and factories were no longer the province of women and children
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