AMS the Anti-Matter Spectrometer

Davide Vitè - MInstPhys CPhys Particle Physics 2000, Edimburgh, 12 April 2000

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AMSAMSthe Anti-Matter the Anti-Matter SpectrometerSpectrometer

The past:The past: 10 days on Discovery10 days on Discovery The present:The present: 20002000 The future:The future: 3 years on the ISS3 years on the ISS

STS-91 mission (June 1998)STS-91 mission (June 1998) ISS 3 year mission (September ISS 3 year mission (September

2003?) 2003?)


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AMS in AMS in spacespace

the first large magnetic the first large magnetic spectrometerspectrometer

i.e.i.e.

the first particle physics experimentthe first particle physics experiment

andand

the biggest silicon systemthe biggest silicon system

in operation to datein operation to date


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AMSAMSPhysics Goals (1)Physics Goals (1)

Measurement of H, He,… C isotopesMeasurement of H, He,… C isotopes– better understanding of cosmic ray better understanding of cosmic ray

origin and propagation in the galaxyorigin and propagation in the galaxy Antiprotons and positronsAntiprotons and positrons

– search for exotic sourcessearch for exotic sources High energy photons (> 1 GeV)High energy photons (> 1 GeV)

– complementary to satellite and ground complementary to satellite and ground telescopestelescopes


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Antimatter discovery:Antimatter discovery:antistars, primordial antistars, primordial antimatterantimatterExplanation for Explanation for antimatter domain antimatter domain formation?formation?

AMSAMSPhysics Goals (2)Physics Goals (2)

No antimatter No antimatter found:found:explanation for explanation for antimatter antimatter disappearance?disappearance?Strong CP-violation?Strong CP-violation?

AntiheliumAntihelium could originate could originatefrom primordial nucleosynthesis OR from from primordial nucleosynthesis OR from

antistarsantistarsanticarbonanticarbon could ONLY come from antistars could ONLY come from antistars

Search for antimatter:Search for antimatter:primary goal of AMS, up to |Z| = 6primary goal of AMS, up to |Z| = 6


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Apparatus for the Apparatus for the precursor flight: AMS-01 precursor flight: AMS-01

(1)(1)

Construction and test of detector Construction and test of detector elementselements– assembly, integration, system testsassembly, integration, system tests– space qualification : outgassing, space qualification : outgassing,

vibrationsvibrations Permanent magnetPermanent magnet

– 1.2m diameter, 80cm height, 1.9 tons1.2m diameter, 80cm height, 1.9 tons– 0.15 Tesla0.15 Tesla– blocks of Nd-Fe-B of high field strengthblocks of Nd-Fe-B of high field strength


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(2)(2) TrackerTracker

– 4 inner planes and 2 outer planes4 inner planes and 2 outer planespartially equipped (~40%)partially equipped (~40%)

– 57 modules of 11 to 15 double-sided DC 57 modules of 11 to 15 double-sided DC silicon microstrip detectorssilicon microstrip detectors

– front-end Viking/High Dynamic Rangefront-end Viking/High Dynamic Range44s peaking time, 0.7 mW/chs peaking time, 0.7 mW/ch

– 365W allocated (out of 1 kW), 0.5 Mbit/s 365W allocated (out of 1 kW), 0.5 Mbit/s (out of 1), 5MHz ADC on ext. TDR(out of 1), 5MHz ADC on ext. TDR


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(3)(3)

Time-of-flight - 4 planesTime-of-flight - 4 planes– triggertrigger– particle velocity and absolute chargeparticle velocity and absolute charge

Anticoincidence - 16 countersAnticoincidence - 16 counters– background rejection (albedo)background rejection (albedo)

Aerogel Threshold Cherenkov - 2 Aerogel Threshold Cherenkov - 2 planesplanes– 168 10x10cm168 10x10cm22 7cm thick solid cells 7cm thick solid cells


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The STS-91 Discovery The STS-91 Discovery missionmission

June 2-12, 1998June 2-12, 1998 Final tests at KSC and installation on Final tests at KSC and installation on

the Shuttle Discoverythe Shuttle Discovery Launch: data download to JSCLaunch: data download to JSC

– slow rate, high rateslow rate, high rate Landing at KSC: back to EuropeLanding at KSC: back to Europe Beam tests (+ cosmic muons)Beam tests (+ cosmic muons)

– GSI-Darmstadt: Helium, CarbonGSI-Darmstadt: Helium, Carbon– Cern-Geneva: charge-1 particlesCern-Geneva: charge-1 particles


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Physics from STS-91Physics from STS-91

Search for antiheliumSearch for antihelium– 2,86 million helium nuclei observed2,86 million helium nuclei observed– rigidity: 1 to 140 GVrigidity: 1 to 140 GV

Search for antimatterSearch for antimatter Cosmic ray proton spectraCosmic ray proton spectra

– from 0.1 to 200 GeVfrom 0.1 to 200 GeV Gamma ray searchGamma ray search


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AMS on the International AMS on the International Space Station: AMS-02Space Station: AMS-02

design finalisation and optimisationdesign finalisation and optimisation– space qualification of single elementsspace qualification of single elements

assembly, full space qualification, long assembly, full space qualification, long term operationterm operation– <2 tons, 2kW, 10g, <2 tons, 2kW, 10g, T, (micro)meteoritesT, (micro)meteorites

installation on the Space Station installation on the Space Station (2003)(2003)– 3 to 5 years of data taking3 to 5 years of data taking

(if we get He refill…)(if we get He refill…)


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Apparatus for ISS:Apparatus for ISS:AMS-02 (1)AMS-02 (1)

Superconducting magnetSuperconducting magnet– Oxford Instruments, 1T (vs. 0.14T)

Tracker: 8 layers, fully equippedTracker: 8 layers, fully equipped 192 modules of 7 to 15 double-sided DC silicon 192 modules of 7 to 15 double-sided DC silicon

microstrip detectors, 10microstrip detectors, 10m/30m/30m resolutionm resolution some 200,000 readout channelssome 200,000 readout channels

Synchrotron Radiation Detector (SRD)Synchrotron Radiation Detector (SRD)– x-rays from high energy electrons in B(E)x-rays from high energy electrons in B(E)– 2400 Crystal/PMT elements, 4800 channels2400 Crystal/PMT elements, 4800 channels


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Apparatus for ISS:Apparatus for ISS:AMS-02 (2)AMS-02 (2)

RICH: Aerogel radiator, RICH: Aerogel radiator, // 10 10-4-4

– cosmic ray id. up to 13 GeV per nucleon cosmic ray id. up to 13 GeV per nucleon for A < 25, charge id up to Z for A < 25, charge id up to Z 26 26

ECAL: 3d sampling calorimeterECAL: 3d sampling calorimeter– 80 layers of lead and fibers, 15.5 X80 layers of lead and fibers, 15.5 X00

– 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV, proton rej. 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV, proton rej. 10 10-4-4

TRD (Transition Radiation Detector)TRD (Transition Radiation Detector)– 20 layers of radiators and prop. tubes20 layers of radiators and prop. tubes


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so…… (conclusions)so…… (conclusions) Lots ofLots of

– workwork we still have to build it !we still have to build it !

– physicsphysics data in 2003 !data in 2003 !

– (and fun)!(and fun)! HEP physicists (almost) in space (more or HEP physicists (almost) in space (more or

less..) !less..) !

AMS the Anti-Matter Spectrometer

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