Amphibia – “both lives”
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Transcript of Amphibia – “both lives”
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Amphibia – “both lives”
• Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads, newts
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Herpetology
• The study of amphibians and reptiles
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Traits
• Mucousy, scaleless skin
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Traits
• 2 chambered heart as larvae, 3 chambers as adults
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Traits
• Gills as larvae, lungs as adults
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Axolotl keeps its gills and never leaves the water
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Traits
• Metamorphosis
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Big tadpole, little frog
The south American paradoxical frog is larger when it is a tadpole than when it becomes an adult
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Traits
• Bony, muscular legs
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Traits
• Oviparous – lay eggs in water
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Traits
• ectotherms
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Traits
• Carnivores
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Typical vertebrates
• Frogs are about halfway between the simplest and most complex vertebrates
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Amphibian heart
• 3 chambers – good blood pressure to body, but oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods mix
Low metabolism and oxygen also diffuses through their skin
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Problems with a terrestrial environment or living on land
• Respiration• Support and movement• Dehydration• Temperature• Reproduction
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Respiration
• develop lungs and breathing skin
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Support and movement
• develop bony muscular legs
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Dehydration
• live in moist areas
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Temperature
• become dormant when it’s too hot or too cold
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Reproduction
• must return to water
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Amphibian reproduction
• Amplexus – reproductive process of frogs involving external fertilization
eggs and sperm mixed together better, higher % of eggs get fertilized
Advantages
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Parental care
• Many lay their eggs and leave the young to fend for themselves, but others protect them.
Male midwife toads carry their eggs around their back legs until they hatch
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The male Darwin’s frog swallows his tadpoles in his vocal sac for protection. When they become froglets, he spits them out.
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The surinam toad’s eggs are placed on the female’s back. Her skin swells around them until they are almost covered. The young develop into toadlets under the skin and hatch out of her back
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Amphibian metamorphosis
• Change in body form controlled by hormones
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Hibernation
• Period of dormancy when it’s too cold
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Estivation
• Period of dormancy when it’s too hot or dry
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Amphibian defenses
• Camouflage - common colors are green or brown
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Amphibian defenses
• mimicry
Imposter
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Amphibian defenses
• Poisonous mucus
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Amphibian defenses
• Hop or jump
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Amphibian defenses
• slippery
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Orders of Amphibia
Anura
Apoda
Caudata
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Anura – no tails as adults, jumping hind legs
• Examples: frogs and toads
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Difference between frogs and toads
• Frogs have long legs for jumping, toads have shorter legs for hopping
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• Frogs have moist smooth skin, toads have drier bumpy skin
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Frog or Toad?
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Frog or Toad?
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Frog or Toad?
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Frog or Toad?
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Caudata – have tails as adults, all 4 legs about the same size
• Examples: salamanders, newts
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Giant Chinese Salamander
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Blotched tiger salamander
Western long-toed salamander
Salamanders in Idaho
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Apoda – no feet (legs)
• Examples: caecilians
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Indicator species
• Very sensitive to changes in the environment, thin skin absorbs any chemicals in the water or air