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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

AMNESTYAnofficialpardonforpeoplewhohavebeen

convictedofacriminaloffense.

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APPEASEMENT

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Aforeignpolicystrategyofmakingconcessionstoanaggressorinthehopeofmodifyingitspoli3cal

objec3vesand,specifically,avoidingwar.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

BRINKMANSHIPAstrategyofescala3ngconfronta3oneventothepointofriskingwar(goingtothebrink),aimedat

persuadinganopponenttobackdown.

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CHAPTER7(UNCHARTER)

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

SetsouttheUNSecurityCouncil'spowerstomaintainpeace.ItallowstheCouncilto"determinethe

existenceofanythreattothepeace,breachofthepeace,oractofaggression"andtotakemilitaryandnonmilitaryac3onto"restoreinterna3onalpeace

andsecurity".

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

CIVILWAR Anarmedconflictbetweenpoli3callyorganizedgroupswithinastate,usuallyfoughteitherforcontrolofthestateortoestablishanewstate.

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CONFLICT

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Disagreementandcompe33onoverpower,ideas,iden3ty,resourcesorterritory.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

CONVENTIONALWARFARE

Aformofwarfarethatisconductedbyregular,uniformedandna3onalmilitaryunitsandusesconven3onal(notnuclear)militaryweaponsand

baOlefieldtac3cs.

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CULTURALVIOLENCE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Aspectsofaculturethatcanbeusedtojus3fyorlegi3mizedirectorstructuralviolence,andmaybeexemplifiedbyreligionandideology,languageandart,empiricalscienceandformalscience.Cultural

violencemakesdirectandstructuralviolencelookorfeel"right",oratleastnotwrong,accordingtoJohan

Galtung.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

DETERRENCE Atac3corstrategydesignedtopreventaggressionbyemphasizingthescaleofthelikelymilitaryresponse(thecostofanaOackwouldbegreaterthanany

benefititmaybring).

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DIRECT

VIOLENCE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Physicalormentalharmbroughtuponanindividual;formsofdirectviolenceincludeassault,rape,

murder,war,andgenocide.Itissome3mescalledpersonalviolencebecausetheperpetratorsare

humanbeings.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

DISARMAMENT Thereduc3onoffigh3ngcapacity,eitherthroughscaling-downorelimina3ngarmsor,morelikely,

categoriesofweapons.

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EQUALITY

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Trea3ngeveryonethesame.Equalityaimstopromotefairness,butitcanonlyworkifeveryone

startsfromthesameplaceandneedsthesamehelp.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

EQUITY Givingeveryonewhattheyneedtobesuccessful;fairness.

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ESCALATION

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Anintensifica3onofsomething,suchasviolenceortension.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

FIRSTSTRIKE Apre-emp3veorsurpriseaOackonanadversary;'geXngone'sretalia3oninfirst'.

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GRIEVANCE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Arealorimaginedwrongorothercauseforcomplaintorprotest,especiallyunfairtreatment.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

GUERILLAWAR Literally,'liOlewar';aninsurgencyorpeople'swar,foughtbyirregulartroopsusingtac3csthataresuitedtotheterrainandemphasizemobilityandsurprise

ratherthansuperiorfirepower.

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HEGEMONICWAR

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Warthatisfoughttoestablishdominanceoftheen3reworldorderbyrestructuringtheglobalbalance

ofpower.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

INSURGENCY Anarmeduprising,involvingirregularsoldiers,whichaimstooverthrowtheestablishedregime.

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INTERSTATEWAR

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Awarbetweentwoormorestates.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

INTERVENTION Forcibleac3ontakenbyonestateagainstanotherstate,withoutthelaOer'sconsent.

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INTRASTATEWAR

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Awarwithinastate;canbeusedsynonymouslywiththetermcivilwar.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

MEDIATION Awayofresolvingdisputesbetweentwoormorepar3eswithconcreteeffects.

Typically,athirdparty,themediator,assiststhepar3estonego3ateaseOlement.

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MILITARISM

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Aculturalorideologicalphenomenoninwhichmilitarypriori3es,ideasandvaluescometopervadethelargersociety.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

MUTUALLYASSURED

DESTRUCTION(MAD)

Acondi3oninwhichanuclearaOackbyeitherstatewouldonlyensureitsown

destruc3on,asbothpossessaninvulnerablesecond-strikecapacity

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NATIONBUILDING

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Theconstruc3ngorstructuringofana3onaliden3tyusingthepowerofthestate.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

NEGATIVEPEACE Peacedefinedastheabsenceofviolence,althoughtheforcesthatgiverisetoconflictremaininplace.

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NONINTERVENTION

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Theprinciplethatstatesshouldnotinterfereintheinternalaffairsofotherstates.

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NONVIOLENCE Theuseofpeacefulmeans,notforce,tobringaboutpoli3calorsocialchange.

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NUCLEARPROLIFERATION

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Thespreadofnuclearweapons,eitherbytheiracquisi3onbymorestatesorother

actors(horizontalprolifera3on),ortheiraccumula3onbyestablishednuclearstates(ver3cal

prolifera3on).

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

PACIFISM Acommitmenttopeaceandarejec3onofwarorviolenceinanycircumstances.

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PEACE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Freedomfromconflict;thepresenceoftranquilityandharmony.Peacecanbedefinedinmanyways,butoneofthemostcommonistocategorizepeace

aseitherposi3veornega3ve.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

PEACEBUILDING Aprocessthatfacilitatestheestablishmentofdurablepeaceandtriestopreventtherecurrenceofviolencebyaddressingrootcausesandeffectsofconflictthroughreconcilia3on,ins3tu3onbuilding,andpoli3calaswellaseconomictransforma3on.

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PEACEKEEPING

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Atechniquedesignedtopreservethepeacewhenfigh3nghasbeenhalted,andtoassistin

implemen3ngagreementsachievedbythepeacemakers.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

PEACEMAKINGConflicttransforma3onfocuseduponestablishing

equitablepowerrela3onshipsrobustenoughtoforestallfutureconflict,o[en

includingtheestablishmentofmeansofagreeingonethicaldecisionswithinacommunity,

oramongpar3es,thathadpreviouslyengagedininappropriate(i.e.violent)

responsestoconflict.

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PEACE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Peacedefinedintermsofharmonyandwholeness;theabsencenotjustofviolencebutofthecausesof

violence.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

PROXYWAR Awarins3gatedbyamajorpowerthatdoesnotitselfbecomeinvolved.

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REFUGEE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Apersoncompelledtoleavehisorhercountrybecausetheirlife,securityorfreedomshavebeenthreatened.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

RESTORATIVEJUSTICEAnapproachtojus3cethatpersonalizesthecrimeby

havingthevic3msandtheoffendersmediateares3tu3onagreementtothe

sa3sfac3onofeach,aswellasinvolvingthecommunity.Thiscontraststomore

puni3veapproachessuchasretribu3vejus3ce.

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RESOURCEWAR

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Awarthatisfoughttogainorretaincontrolofresourceswhichareimportanttoeconomicdevelopmentorpoli3calpower.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

RETRIBUTIVEJUSTICE Asystemofcriminaljus3cebasedonthepunishmentofoffendersratherthanonrehabilita3on.

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SECURITYDILEMMA

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Asitua3onintheanarchicareaofinterna3onalrela3onsinwhich,ac3onsbyastateintendedtoheightenitssecurity,suchasincreasingitsmilitarystrength,commiXngtouseweaponsormakingalliances,canleadotherstatestorespondwith

similarmeasures,producingincreasedtensionsthatcreateconflict,evenwhennosidereallydesiresit

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

STATETERRORISM Terrorismcarriedoutbygovernmentbodiessuchasthepolice,militaryorintelligenceagencies.

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STRUCTURALVIOLENCE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Aformofviolencethatstemsfromsocialstructuresthatperpetuatedomina3on,oppressionor

exploita3on,asopposedto'directviolence'whichstems(supposedly)fromindividualorgroup

mo3va3ons.

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

TOTALWAR Awarinvolvingallaspectsofsociety,includinglarge-scaleconscrip3on,thegearingoftheeconomyto

militaryends,andtheaimofachievinguncondi3onalsurrenderthroughthemassdestruc3onofenemy

targets,civilianandmilitary

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TRANSFORMATIVEJUSTICE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Astrategyforrespondingtoconflictswhichtakestheprinciplesandprac3cesofrestora3vejus3cebeyond

thecriminaljus3cesystemandtriestotreatanoffenseasatransforma3verela3onaland

educa3onalopportunityforvic3ms,offendersandallothermembersoftheaffectedcommunity

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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

TRUTHANDRECONCILIATIONCOMMISSION

Abodytaskedwithdiscoveringandrevealingpastwrongdoingbyagovernment(or,dependingonthecircumstances,non-stateactorsalso),inthehopeof

resolvingconflictle[overfromthepast.

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VIOLENCE

W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M

Physicalorpsychologicalharmwhichcanbecausedeitherbyphysicalforceorbystructureswithin

societyorgovernment.