344 ARMY � October 2013

AMMUNITION

The Program Executive Office for Am-munition (PEO Ammunition) has the mis-sion to continue being the best provider ofconventional, leap-ahead munitions, mor-tars, towed artillery systems and counter-improvised explosive device (IED) prod-ucts by fostering innovation and diversityfor the warfighter. Project managers withinthe PEO are Combat Ammunition Systems,Maneuver Ammunition Systems, Joint Pro-gram Manager Towed Artillery Systems,Close Combat Systems, Project DirectorJoint Services and Project Director JointProducts.

Project Manager CombatAmmunition SystemsThe Project Manager Combat Ammuni-

tion Systems (PM CAS) is responsible forequipping soldiers and marines with can-non-launched, indirect-fire munitions andmortar weapons systems. Organizationswithin PM CAS include Product ManagerExcalibur, Product Manager Guided Preci-sion Munitions and Mortar Systems (PMGPM2S), Conventional Ammunition Divi-sion, Technical Management Division andBusiness Management Division.

Product Manager ExcaliburThe M982 Excalibur, a 155 mm, preci-

sion-guided, artillery projectile, a high-ex-plosive projectile with extended range, hasbeen fielded to servicemembers and suc-cessfully employed in combat operations.Excalibur couples global positioning sys-

tem (GPS) precision-guidance technologywith an inertial measurement unit to pro-vide accurate, first-round fire-for-effect ca-pability in an urban setting with accuracybetter than 4 meters circular error probable(CEP). Excalibur is approximately 1 meterin length and weighs 106 pounds. Its ex-tended range (up to 40 kilometers) andhigh accuracy result in increased lethalitywith a decrease in required volume of fireper engagement. Excalibur Increment Ia iscurrently completing the last of its full-rateproduction, and Excalibur Increment Ib hasinitiated low-rate initial production.

Product Manager Guided PrecisionMunitions and Mortar SystemsThe Product Manager Guided Precision

Munitions and Mortar Systems (PM GP-M2S) is the life-cycle manager responsiblefor guided munition improvements forcannon-launched weapons, mortar weap-ons and mortar fire-control systems. As-signed guided precision munitions includethe XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit (PGK)(Urgent Materiel Release [UMR] and pro-gram of record) and the UMR XM395 Accel-erated Precision Mortar Initiative (APMI).Mortar weapons include 60 mm, 81 mmand 120 mm systems. Fire-control systemsinclude handheld devices and vehicle-mounted systems used to perform mortartactical and technical fire control for in-fantry, heavy and Stryker brigade combatteams (BCTs).The APMI is a response to an Operation

Enduring Freedom (OEF) operational needsstatement requiring a GPS-guided, 120 mm

mortar cartridge with 10 meters CEP accu-racy to rapidly defeat personnel targetswhile minimizing collateral damage. APMIis compatible with U.S. dismounted 120 mmweapons and fire-control system, and theStryker double-V hull mortar carrier andfire-control system. It has been successfullyused in operations in OEF.The PGK is a GPS guidance kit with prox-

imity and point detonating fuzing func-tions. It is compatible with existing high-ex-plosive, 155 mm M549A1 and M795 cannonartillery projectiles. The PGK corrects theballistic trajectory of the projectile to reducedelivery errors and improves projectile ac-curacy to a range-independent accuracy ofless than 50 meters CEP. The PGK will ef-fectively reduce target delivery error of con-ventional artillery munitions, reducing thenumber of projectiles required to execute afire mission. UMR was completed in March,and PGK has been successfully used in op-erations in OEF. Initial operational capabil-ity for the program of record is planned inFY 2014. The M224A1 60 mm Mortar Weapon

System is a lightweight, high-angle-of-fire,smooth-bore, manportable, muzzle-loadedmortar with weight reduced by 20 percent(44 pounds to 35.3 pounds) and reducedmaintenance requirements. The M224A1consists of an M225A1 cannon (tube),M170A1 bipod assembly, M7A1 baseplate,M8 auxiliary baseplate and the M67A1 sightunit. The M224A1 fires the complete familyof 60 mm ammunition including high-ex-plosive, smoke, illumination, infrared illu-mination and practice cartridges. Withranges from 70 meters to 3,500 meters, theM224A1 meets lethality, range and weightrequirements for light forces.The M252A1 81 mm Mortar System is a

smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded weapon thatreplaced the M252 mortar. It features ahigh rate of fire, extended range, improvedlethality and improved overall systemcharacteristics, reducing overall systemweight by 13 percent (90.3 pounds to 78.6pounds). The entire family of 81 mm am-munition can be fired by the M252A1. TheM252A1 consists of the M253 cannon(tube), M177A1 bipod, M3A2 baseplateand the M67A1 sight unit.The M120/M121 120 mm Battalion Mor-

tar System is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded,high-angle-of-fire weapon organic to thebattalion, providing immediate long-range,lethality, illumination and smoke-screen-ing effectiveness for close combat. It isused in a ground-mounted (M120) or vehi-cle-mounted (M121 on the M1064A3 mor-tar carrier) role. It consists of the M298 bar-rel assembly, M191 bipod assembly, M9A1baseplate and M67A1 sight. The 120 mmbattalion mortar system provides close-inand continuous indirect fire support tomaneuver forces and can rapidly respondto threats.XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit

October 2013 � ARMY 345

The M326 Mortar Stowage Kit (MSK) isa 120 mm mortar employment improve-ment. The powered device enables a 120mm mortar to be quickly put in or out of ac-tion. The M326 uses a mortar support strutto hold the mortar tube, baseplate and bi-pod together in transport mode for ease ofdeployment. This assembly is emplaced orrecovered by a hydraulic winch with amanual backup.The M95/M96 Mortar Fire-Control Sys-

tem (MFCS) is a digital fire-control systemfor the vehicle-mounted M121, linking mor-tar fires with the digital battlefield. MFCSprovides increased responsiveness, crewsurvivability and mortar accuracy.The M150/M151 Mortar Fire-Control

System-Dismounted (MFCS-D) is similarto the M95 MFCS and is being fielded withthe M326 to provide a digital fire-controlsystem for the ground-mounted 120 mmsystem. MFCS-D provides increased re-sponsiveness, crew survivability and mor-tar accuracy.The M32 Lightweight Handheld Mortar

Ballistic Computer (LHMBC) is a joint ser-vice U.S. Marine Corps/Army system thatcalculates technical firing solutions for theentire family of fielded U.S. mortars andtheir complete inventory of ammunition. Itis linked into the digital fire-support sys-tem and includes an internal GPS receiverfor improved tube positioning accuracy.

Project Manager ManeuverAmmunition Systems The Project Manager Maneuver Ammu-

nition Systems (PM MAS) is responsiblefor the life-cycle management—includingdevelopment, production and fielding—ofall Army direct-fire ammunition (exceptnonlethal) and for the procurement of U.S.Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps direct-fire ammunition assigned to PEO Ammuni-tion as the single manager for conventionalammunition executor. Under its mission forprocurement of nonstandard ammunition,PM MAS supports allies with direct- andindirect-fire ammunition and selected weap-ons. Offices within PM MAS include theProduct Manager Small Caliber Ammuni-tion, Product Director Medium Caliber Am-munition, Product Manager Large CaliberAmmunition and Product Director Non-Standard Ammunition.

Product Manager Small CaliberAmmunition The Product Manager Small Caliber

Ammunition (PM SC) is the life-cycle man-ager for the full range of small caliber am-munition, including production of legacyitems such as pistol, shotgun and rifle am-munition (up to and including .50-caliber)for all the armed services and developmentof new ammunition to support emergingArmy requirements. Small caliber systemsinclude .22-caliber, .38-caliber, 9 mm, .45-

caliber, 12-gauge shotgun, 5.56 mm, 7.62mm and .50-caliber families of munitions.PM SC also manages the modernization ofthe Lake City Army Ammunition Plant,Mo., the primary source of small caliberammunition.The M855A1 Enhanced Performance

Round (EPR) is a lead-free version of theM855 cartridge that is fired from the 5.56mm family of weapons (M4, M16 andM249) and is the newest of the small caliberfamily of munitions. The M855A1 EPR usesa new bullet design that resulted in a num-ber of significant enhancements over theoriginal general-purpose M855 fielded inthe early 1980s. Improvements include bet-ter hard-target penetration, more consistentperformance against soft targets and signifi-cantly increased distances of these effects.The EPR allows training exercises to be con-ducted on ranges where lead projectiles areno longer allowed. The same technology isalso being used to improve 7.62 mm ammu-nition.

Product Director Medium CaliberAmmunitionThe Product Director Medium Caliber

Ammunition (PD MC) is responsible forlife-cycle management of direct-fire combatand training ammunition in 20 mm, 25 mm,30 mm and 40 mm caliber families. Underthe single manager for conventional ammu-nition executor, PD MC is responsible forprocurement of medium caliber combatand training ammunition for the Army, AirForce, Navy and Special Operations Com-mand. PD MC supports medium caliberammunition needs of the individual war-fighter and weapon platforms, which in-clude the Mk 19 Automatic GrenadeLauncher; M203/320 Grenade Launcher;Bradley Fighting Vehicle; Light ArmoredVehicle; AH-64 Apache, MH-60 Black Hawkand AH-1W Super Cobra helicopters; A-10Thunderbolt, AV-8 Harrier, AC-130U Spec-tre, F-15 Eagle, F-16 Falcon, FA-18 Hornet,F-22 Raptor and F-35 Joint Strike Fighteraircraft; the Land Based Phalanx Weapons

System (LPWS) for Counter Rockets Ar-tillery and Mortars (C-RAM); the PhalanxClose-In Weapon System (CIWS) on navalsurface combat ships; and the Mk 44 ChainGun on naval vessels.New Target Practice-Day/Night/Ther-

mal (TP-DNT) ammunition is being devel-oped for the 40 mm grenade family to allow soldiers and units to train more real-istically on continental U.S. training rangeswithout safety concerns from unexplodedordnance, while meeting environmental re-quirements with nontoxic components.Currently, units cannot go downrange dur-ing training to conduct fire and maneuvertactics. TP-DNT rounds are being devel-oped for both the low-velocity family, firedfrom the M203 and M320, and the high-ve-locity family, fired from the Mk 19. Low-rate initial production and full operationalcapability are planned for fiscal year (FY)2016. A capability development document(CDD) was signed for the 40 mm high-velocity training round and a capabilityproduction document for the 40 mm low-velocity in December 2011. In addition,multiple new technologies for 40 mm low-velocity ammunition are being evaluated tomeet new and evolving requirements, in-cluding anti-defilade, door breaching andextended range capabilities. These require-ments are identified in a CDD currently inworldwide staffing for approval. In conjunction with PM Ground Combat

Vehicle (GCV), new 30 x 173 mm tacticaland training ammunition is being devel-oped and qualified for use with the GCV.The new suite of ammunition includes tar-get practice-traced, armor piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding sabot-traced, targetpractice discarding sabot-traced, high ex-plosive incendiary-traced and programma-ble airburst munition-traced.

Product Manager Large CaliberAmmunitionThe Product Manager Large Caliber

Ammunition (PM LC) is responsible forlife-cycle management of large caliber, di-

M855A1 Enhanced Performance Round

346 ARMY � October 2013

rect-fire combat and training ammunitionfor the Army and Marine Corps. Platformssupported include the Abrams main battletank (MBT) and Stryker mobile gun system.Primary target sets for ammunition beingprocured and new systems being devel-oped are armor, structures, bunkers, obsta-cles and infantry squads. PM LC also devel-ops and procures specialized ammunitionfor foreign military sales customers of theAbrams tank. Calibers supported include105 mm and 120 mm.The M829E4 is a 120 mm, fifth-genera-

tion, kinetic-energy, armor-piercing, fin-sta-bilized discarding sabot cartridge for theAbrams MBT. The cartridge is specificallydesigned to defeat future armored targetsequipped with explosive reactive armorand active protection systems. The programis in engineering, manufacturing and devel-opment, with the Milestone C projected inFY 2014. This cartridge has an expandedoperational temperature and provides asignificant lethality overmatch against allprojected armor threats.The M724A1E1 105 mm Target Practice

Discarding Sabot with Tracer (TPDS-T)cartridge is intended for use in the M68cannon in the mobile gun system of theStryker brigade combat team (SBCT). Thecartridge will replicate the 105 mm kineticenergy M900 tactical cartridge in appear-ance and flight characteristics, and it willreplace the obsolete M724A1 cartridge de-veloped in the 1970s. It will be range-lim-ited to allow safe firing at all mobile gunsystem training ranges. The program isplanning to conduct a Milestone C reviewin the fourth quarter of FY 2013 for ap-proval to begin low-rate initial production.

Product Director Non-StandardAmmunitionThe Product Director Non-Standard

Ammunition (PD NSA) provides qualitynonstandard ammunition and nonstandardmortar weapon systems to allied nationsand other U.S. customers. Nonstandardammunition/mortar weapons are ammu-nition, explosives and weapons that arenot managed by national inventory controlpoints, have not been safety-tested andtype-classified for Army use, do not have anational stock number, and cannot be pro-cured or requisitioned through the Army orother DoD supply systems. The majority ofthis ammunition is produced in former So-viet/Eastern bloc countries. Munitions pro-cured range from 5.45 mm through 122mm, supporting individual and crew-served weapons and platforms includingtanks, artillery and aircraft.

Joint Program Manager TowedArtillery SystemsThe Joint Program Manager Towed Ar-

tillery Systems (PM TAS) takes a joint

(Army and Marine Corps) perspective inmanaging the development, acquisition,testing, systems integration, product im-provement and fielding of the M777A2 155mm Joint Lightweight Howitzer (LW155)system, designed to enhance strategic mo-bility and provide the infantryman and ma-rine with effective and responsive fire sup-port. The LW155 is a joint Marine Corpsand Army program that replaces the M198155 mm Towed Howitzer. The LW155 is ageneral support system for the Army’s lightunits, a direct-support cannon fire supportsystem for the SBCT and the sole howitzerin the Marine Corps. The LW155 weighsless than 10,000 pounds and has a maxi-mum firing range of approximately 30 kilo-meters with rocket-assisted projectiles, 24.7kilometers with standard rounds and up to40 kilometers using Excalibur. It has a maxi-mum firing rate of four rounds per minuteand a sustained rate of two rounds perminute. The M777A2 is fitted with onboardelectronics, giving it self-locating, self-lay-ing and digital communications similar tothe M109A6 Paladin. The M777A2 adds the ability to fire the Excalibur precision-guided munition.In addition to the M777A2 Howitzer, other

towed artillery systems supported in U.S.Army inventories include the M119A3 105mm Howitzer, the Improved Position andAzimuth Determining System (IPADS),and the M198 155 mm Howitzer.The M119A3 is a lightweight system that

provides continuous close fires to infantryBCTs. The system weighs 4,690 pounds andis air assault/airdrop capable. It has a rangeof 19.5 kilometers with rocket-assisted mu-nitions (14 kilometers unassisted). It fires allcurrently fielded U.S. munitions and has arate of fire of six rounds per minute. Its ap-proved prime movers include the Humveeand 2.5- and 5-ton trucks.A program to integrate digital fire-control

capability onto the M119A2 Howitzer wasapproved in 2008 and resulted in the fullmateriel release of the M119A3 in March.Using the software for the M777A2 155 mmHowitzer maximizes commonality in oper-

M777A2 155 mm Joint Lightweight Howitzer

M119A3 105 mm Howitzer

October 2013 � ARMY 347

ation and training while minimizing pro-gram cost, schedule and risk. The applica-tion of a digital fire control allows the dig-itized M119A3 to emplace and displacefaster, provide more responsive fires, andbecome more survivable on the battlefield.The IPADS provides common inertial

survey control for all Army and MarineCorps field artillery, mortar, artillery meteo-rological and radar systems. IPADS-G addsa global positioning system (GPS) feature tothe IPADS and augments operations of thefire support community by providing theability to maintain the current accuracy ofIPADS without stopping for zero-velocityupdates, thus increasing the artillery timeli-ness, availability of fires, lethality, surviv-ability and force protection on extendedconvoys or artillery missions. IPADS-G isalso capable of operating in an inertial fash-ion independently of GPS aid.The Army began fielding the M198 155

mm Towed Howitzer in 1979 to providegreater range and lethality for light-unitfire-support elements. As a successor tothe older M114A1 155 mm towed system,the 15,750-pound (original fielded weight)M198 provided a maximum range of 30kilometers (with rocket-assisted projectiles)and the capability to fire a broader range ofammunition options than those availablefor 105 mm units. Normally towed by a 5-ton truck, the M198 can also be moved by aCH-47D Chinook helicopter or Air Force as-sets (C-130 and larger). The M777A2 has re-placed the M198.PM TAS also supports the D-30 How-

itzer program. The D-30 is a 122 mm So-viet-towed howitzer that entered service inthe 1960s. It weighs 7,055 pounds and has amaximum range of 15.4 kilometers (21.9kilometers assisted). It has a maximum rateof fire of 10 to 12 rounds per minute and asustained rate of five to six rounds perminute. In 2010, PM TAS was given a re-quirement to provide 204 D-30s to theAfghan national army, provide training onthe operation and maintenance of theweapon system, and establish a refurbish-ment capability in Afghanistan to allow

Afghan workers to refurbish additionalhowitzers.

Project Manager Close CombatSystemsNearly every mission soldiers face, either

domestic or international, involves an itemmanaged by Project Manager Close Com-bat Systems (PM CCS), whose contribu-tions are on the forefront of theater oper-ations and span multiple services. Theyprovide cutting-edge technology to defeatever-evolving and adapting threats as wellas legacy systems being used in new, innov-ative ways on today’s battlefield. The PMCCS portfolio of products includes counter-improvised explosive devices (IED), hand-held pyrotechnic devices, C-4 explosives,shoulder-launched munitions (SLMs), mineclearing line charges, hand grenades andnonlethal weapon sets.PM CCS manages long-term acquisition

and production contracts that are flexibleenough to support dynamic changes inboth warfighting and training require-ments. It is actively pursuing technologiesthat will result in smaller, lighter, morelethal munitions to ensure increased mobil-

ity across a range of military operations. Insupport of combat operations in Iraq andAfghanistan, PM CCS has responded tomore than 100 urgent materiel releases andexecuted 67 operational needs statements.

Product Director Area DenialPM CCS is redefining how soldiers shape

the battlefield and protect the force throughcontinual advances in area denial capabili-ties. Area denial systems and munitionsblock enemy access to important terrain andrestrict the enemy’s ability to maneuverfreely. These systems include cutting-edgenetworked munitions and legacy antiper-sonnel and antivehicle systems. They aremanportable and provide soldiers withfaster response time, greater efficiency andenhanced safety and can be employed toprotect perimeters and flanks during attack,reinforce light forces and control enemymovement. The XM-7 Spider Networked Munition

is an effective lethal and nonlethal alterna-tive to antipersonnel land mines (APLs).Currently operational in Afghanistan, thesystem is an advanced, man-in-the-loop(MITL) area denial system that offers re-mote-controlled force protection. The sys-tem is different from a land mine in that itcannot deliver effects unless commanded todo so, and it can be safely recovered fromthe field and reused. Spider provides theequivalent munition field effectiveness of current APLs without the residual life-threatening risks after hostilities end orwhen warring factions depart. The Selectable Lightweight Attack Mu-

nition (SLAM) is a multipurpose munitiondesigned to be readily portable and hand-emplaced against lightly armored infantryvehicles, parked aircraft and petroleum

XM-7 Spider Net-worked Munition

M198 155 mm Towed Howitzer

348 ARMY � October 2013

storage sites. It can operate day and nightduring all weather conditions to defeat se-lected targets using an explosively formedpenetrator warhead. SLAM has four oper-ating modes: bottom-attack, side-attack,timed-demolition and operator-initiatedmode. SLAM will self-destruct at the end ofa set time selected by the operator duringits employment.

Product Manager Counter ExplosiveHazard (PdM CEH)In Afghanistan, insurgents have moved

to utilizing explosive hazards made of low-or nonmetallic components that are moredifficult to detect using conventional meth-ods, thus putting soldiers at greater risk ofinjury or death. Ground-Penetrating Radar(GPR) is a superior technology that pro-vides a three-dimensional analysis of ob-jects buried in the ground. Both the HuskyMounted Detection System (HMDS) andthe AN/PSS-14 Mine Detecting Systememploy GPR. This technology alerts the operator to the threat before detonation,greatly reducing the risk of injury to thecrew and battle damage to the vehicle orsurrounding facilities. The Family of Military Working Dogs

(FMWD) is procured for the enforcement oflaws and regulations, suppression of illegaldrugs, detection of explosives and IEDs,protection of installations and resources,force protection operations, and fulfillmentof other security tasks. PM CCS supportsmilitary working dogs by providing equip-ment for the care, feeding and training ofthe dogs.Continuous development of countermea-

sure technology and equipment providesexplosive ordnance disposal (EOD) techni-cians the ability to access, disrupt and neu-tralize hazards from increased standoff dis-tances quickly and smoothly. The MK40MOD 0 Unexploded Ordnance StandoffDisrupter Tool allows the EOD soldier torender safe unexploded ordnance and IEDsvia a percussion-activated projectile from astandoff position. The EOD PAN Disrupteris a laser-aimed disrupter that can also befired from EOD robots.

Product Director Combat MunitionsPM CCS offers a range of battlefield mu-

nitions and escalation of force capabilitiesthat broaden soldiers’ options for counter-ing enemy actions, including shoulder-launched munitions (SLMs), grenades, andnonlethal ammunition and systems. SLMs enable soldiers to defeat light-ar-

mored vehicles and bunkers and enemypersonnel. Disposable and highly mobile,improved versions of SLMs, such as theM136A1 AT4 Confined Space (AT4-CS),can be fired from confined spaces, increas-ing effectiveness in urban environments.The upgraded M72 Light Assault Weapon(LAW) is ideal for the combat environment

in Afghanistan, which is characterized by difficult terrain, long foot patrols andfast-paced operations at close range. Gre-nades differ in effect from nonlethal tolethal, can be hand-thrown or propelledfrom a launcher, and offer a variety of ca-pabilities—from fragmentation and incen-diary to screening and signaling—to thesoldier in close combat situations.PM CCS’ nonlethal munitions and sys-

tems allow soldiers to react with the ap-propriate level of force based on the threatand serve as the last step in a scalable re-sponse (shout, show, shove, shoot). Theyare vital in urban conflict to limit collat-eral damage and avoid noncombatant cas-ualties. The Non-Lethal Capabilities Set(NLCS) provides a variety of capabilitiesincluding checkpoint, dismounted opera-tions, convoy protection, crowd control/detainee operations, and counter-person-nel and counter-materiel systems. The mod-ularity of the NLCS allows the commanderto tailor equipment needs based on a spe-cific mission or threat level. Both the M1012 12-gauge Non-Lethal

Point Control Cartridge and M1013 12-gauge Non-Lethal Area Round temporar-ily disorient or incapacitate a targeted indi-vidual with nonlethal blunt trauma. Theycan be fired from a standard-issue 12-gaugeshotgun, such as a Mossberg 500, Mossberg590 or Winchester 1200. The M1029 40 mmCrowd Dispersal Cartridge and M1006 40mm Sponge Grenade can either be launchedfrom the M320 grenade launcher module orthe M203 40 mm grenade launcher, or firedfrom an M16A2/M320, M4/M320, M16A2/M203 or M4/M203. These munitions fill awide range of possible nonlethal applica-tions, including crowd control and enforc-ing a buffer zone.

Product Director Support MunitionsPM CCS’ Support Munitions—demoli-

tions and pyrotechnics—provide soldierswith enhanced maneuver, communicationand illumination capabilities across variousmissions on the battlefield.Combat engineers, infantry, explosive

ordnance disposal and special operationsuse demolitions and breeching munitions toclear mines and IEDs, overcome obstacles,and impede enemy movement. Moderniza-tion efforts are aimed at making demolitionslighter, more reliable and less sensitive. PMCCS manages a range of demolition items,including the Blasting Demolition Kit(BDK), a variety of inert items that can beassembled into various explosively formedpenetrator warheads, linear shaped chargesand conical shaped charges, including tools,equipment and attachment devices that willbe used in the construction, emplacementand attachment of a variety of demolitioncharges; Remote Activation Munition Sys-tem (RAMS), a secure, radio-controlled sys-tem designed to remotely control demoli-tion charges; and Modern DemolitionsInitiator (MDI), a suite of components usedto activate all standard military demolitionsand explosives and bulk, shaped and crater-ing charges. Designed to clear mines and re-lated obstacles for dismounted soldiers andvehicles, the Anti-Personnel ObstacleBreaching System is light enough to be car-ried by two soldiers with backpacks, whilethe Mine Clearing Line Charge is a rocket-projected explosive line charge. Pyrotechnics include munition flares,

signals and simulators. Advanced infrareddecoy flares, the M206, M211 and M212Air Countermeasure Flares, are used byArmy aircraft and helicopters to defeat arange of threats. The family of HandheldSignals provides aircraft, distress andtroop emplacement signaling as well as battlefield illumination. Battlefield andground effects simulators, such as theM115A2 Ground Burst Simulator andM116A1 Hand Grenade Simulator, pro-duce battle noises and effects—shells inflight, ground burst explosions or gre-nades—for use in training.

AN/PSS-14 Mine Detecting System