amitani AAAI2002 Presentation An Approach to a Knowledge Reconstruction Engine for Supporting Event...

8/14/2019 amitani AAAI2002 Presentation An Approach to a Knowledge Reconstruction Engine for Supporting Event Planning

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An Approach to a Knowledge Reconstruction Enginefor Supporting Event Planning

Shigeki AMITANI, Mikihiko MORI and Koichi HORIDepartment of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,he University of Tokyo


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Outline

Background & Problems

Our Approach

Experiments & Methodology

Examples of Knowledge Reconstruction

System Image & Expected Interaction

Future Work


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Background

Event Planning:

Designing process with implicit knowledge of an experienced

planner Evaluation of an Events Effects:

Questionnaires (5-point scale, free-answer)

Feedback to planners:

Statistical data and visitors comments


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Problems

Planners cannot obtain strategic knowledge:

Statistical data do not tell why the results were obtained.

= lacking the contexts There is no systematic feedback to planners:

It is difficult to accumulate and utilize gathered information as"knowledge" on event-plannings.

No accountability to clients:

Because no clear strategy except for planners' tacit knowledge


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To Utilize Knowledge: "Knowledge Reconstruction"

Obtain information

Create New Knowledge

Utilize Knowledge

Know ledge Reconst ruct io

" Know ledge is embedded in a context of int eract ionbetw een human beings and art ifact s"

It is impossible to capture or accumulate"knowledge" itself, but it is possible toobserve and obtain contexts in which

knowledge is produced and which can bea trigger to create new knowledge.[Nakakoji, Hori, 2002]

It is necessary to know

a context w here

know ledge is produced

to utilize knowledge[Fischer, 2001]

with its context


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Our Approach

Methodology for Articulation of: planners intentions visitors impressions gaps between them to discover what causes what type of

effect

Supporting System for:

understanding "contexts" generated at real event sites discovering something interesting and useful for future

plannings promoting both planners' and clients' understanding

To support event planning process...


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Experiments

World PC Expo 2001 (19-22 Sep. 01)

FUJI Xerox

Canon

Toshiba

Tokyo Motor Show 2001 (26 Oct. 7 Nov. 01)

SUBARU

(both in Makuhari Messe, Japan)


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Methodology

Planners Intention:

What did you implement to express event concepts?

How did you implement event objects to express the concepts?

Visitors Impression: Let subjects browse in a booth / booths with a recording device

Interview with Retrospective Report Method with a visual aid

What did you look at?

What did you think about it?

Then how did you behave?

Compare them


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developed (?) at AI Lab, RCAST

DV Camera

A Recording Unit and Protocol Data

time Percieved Object Thought Action17.45 Explanation of the booth I don't care what it is

18.16 I'm filling in a questionnaire if I can get so Fill the questionnaire19.38 I finished writing Stand up

19.50 I'm going to look at the explained commodi Move to an exhibision corner20.30 I want to ask how much it is Look at a staff


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An Example Protocol

At Motor Show: Interaction with the other visitors

A companion took a picture with a family. Both ofthe companion and the child smiled. My (= thesubject's) children also like cars. They would bedelighted if I took them here. That is a good idea.

This comment caused a new strategy


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A New Strategy was Produced

A planner hit upon a new strategy:

By inviting customers families, the other visitors canfeel in the way mentioned. Moreover, the invited familywill also feel better because they feel they are invitedas special guests and this family can enjoy being acustomer of the company, which will be great benefit to

the company, too.


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A Good Example of Knowledge Reconstruction

Following pieces of knowledge are not anything new, buttheir combination results in a new strategy.

There are interactions among visitors.

People will be glad if they are invited as special guests.

If visitors like the company, it is benefit for the company.

And so on

To create and utilize information as knowledge, it should be

accompanied with contexts where knowledge was produced

which normal statistical data lack.


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Another Example

Following phenomenon was observed:

A subject was impressed by a speedy leaser printer at FUJI

Xerox booth. Next he went to Canon booth with looking for leaser printers,

though no leaser printer was exhibited at Canon booth.

Though he was looking for a leaser printer all the way, he couldnot find one (of course).

Then he was disappointed with Canon booth and left the booth.


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New Type of Knowledge was Obtained

According to planners, this phenomenon was new andimpressive to them because they do not think about

what are exhibited at neighbor booths.

This phenomenon was caused by a visitors context. Ourapproach successfully revealed what was unobtainable with

traditional investigation method.


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System Requirements

To discover something interesting from a large amount ofdata

To construct a case base of findings for future utilization

To promote planners reflective thinking to create newknowledge

To explain in a persuasive way to promote clients

understanding


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System Components

ChronoSpace

A tool for browsing a visitors protocol in a microscopic way

ContextMap

A tool for browsing interesting phenomena in amacroscopic way and creating new knowledge

In creative activities, it is necessary to move between overview and detail.


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System Image

Comment Area

Protocol Area

ChronoSpaceObjects and visitors flow

: A point where a verbalreport was produced

: A point where an event

object is located

: A point w here a verbal

report was produced on

a located object

ContextMapAll focused data are arranged

Locations of objects are calculated along w ittheir similarity in terms of their effect on the

visitors mental impressions

Event object name


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Expected Interactions(1/3)

Reflective Thinking

Using ChronoSpace, browse each data after the investigation to

grasp what / how visitors really looked at / thought / acted Find something interesting / unexpected either in a positive way or

negative way and put tags on nodes

Accumulate remarkable phenomena


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Supporting Planning Phase

Case study: A user can browse what caused interesting phenomena

on ContextMap Modify a two-dimensional space to fit object positions to the users

mental space

Abstract a concept by grouping and labeling objects


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Persuading Clients

Explanation by indicating all of notable past instances


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Future Work

Develop the system prototype

Have a planner use the system prototype and observe

his/her usage Interaction Design for real workflow (especially designing

interaction of ContextMap)

Refine the system


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acknowledgemen

we really appreciate for kind help of:

ms. hiroko shoji and mr. hirohito shibata members of our laboratory

...mr. brian clarkson @ mit media lab.... ms. ueoka @ icsl, rcast

Dentsu Inc. and all of the people who gave us supports


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Questions?

Slowly

Clearly

Loudly

please!

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