AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P...

30
AMINO ACIDS

TAGS:

Transcript of AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P...

Page 1: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

AMINO ACIDS

Page 2: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins

• Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P

• Always has a NH2

Page 3: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

General Structure

• All amino acids start with this structure

• The “R” stands for “anything”

Page 4: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Glycine

• Glycine has just a hydrogen for the “R”

• NOT essential, except for the baby chick

Page 5: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Alanine

• Alanine has a methyl group for the “R”

• Has 3 carbons (glycine had just 2)

• NOT essential

Page 6: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Serine

• NOT essential

Page 7: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Threonine

• Essential

Page 8: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Valine

• Essential• Valine is a branched

chain amino acid.• An "ideal protein"

would contain 70% as much isoleucine as lysine.

Page 9: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• A rare, inherited metabolic disease in which there is a failure of oxidative decarboxylation (breakdown) of valine, leucine and isoleucine results in maple syrup urine disease, named because of a characteristic odor of the urine.

Page 10: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Leucine

Page 11: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Leucine is abundant in corn protein and many other grain proteins, and is not therefore a concern to supplement. Only the L isomer has biological value. "Ideal protein" would contain 100% as much leucine as lysine.

Page 12: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Isoleucine

Page 13: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Isoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. An "ideal protein" would contain one-half as much isoleucine as lysine.

• A rare, inherited metabolic disease in which there is a failure of oxidative decarboxylation (breakdown) of valine, leucine and isoleucine results in maple syrup urine disease, named because of a characteristic odor of the urine.

Page 14: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Phenylalanine

Page 15: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Phenylalanine is not tolerated by people with inborn errors of PHE metabolism so they must avoid it. Babies are given a PKU (phenylketonuria) test at birth to detect phenylalanine metabolites in the urine, so they can be treated in order to avoid a dangerous condition.

Page 16: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• PHE is combined with ASP (aspartic acid, another amino acid) in the common non-nutritive sweetner aspertame. Equal is another trade name.

Page 17: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Methionine

• Methionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid.

• A portion of the methionine requirement can be met from cystine, another sulfur-containing amino acid.

Page 18: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• An "ideal protein" would contain one-half as much methionine + cystine as lysine.

• Unlike most amino acids, both the d and l isomers of methionine are biologically active. Consequently, it has been synthesized and can be economically purchased for adding to diets.

Page 19: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Methionine participates in acting as a methyl donor, and is involved in the synthesis of many important compounds in the body, including epinephrine and choline.

Page 20: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Cystine

Cysteine

Page 21: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Tryptophan

• Tryptophan is the second most limiting amino acid in corn diets for pigs.

Page 22: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Tryptophan can be used to from the Vitamin niacin but since feeds are usually low in tryptophan and the synthesis is insufficient to meet daily needs, it is not relied upon to meet the animal's need.

Page 23: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Useful in aiding sleep, tryptophan supplements have been banned by FDA as dangerous.

• Skatole and indole can be formed from its breakdown in the large intestine by bacteria, producing foul odors.

Page 24: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Arginine

• Arginine is a precursor of urea in the body. Urea is the form in which nitrogen is removed from mammals, so normal breakdown of protein and deamination of amino acids will result in urea formation, requiring arginine.

Page 25: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Histidine

• Histidine contains an imidazole group. It is a precursor of histamine. An "ideal protein" would contain 33% as much histidine as lysine.

Page 26: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Lysine

• Lysine is the most limiting amino acid in corn and most grains for swine and poultry.

Page 27: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Diets balanced for lysine will contain most of the other amino acids in excess of requirement if natural sources of good quality proteins are used.

• It can be supplemented in the synthetic form and this is often economical, replacing a portion of the protein needed.

• Only the L isomer is biologically active.

Page 28: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

Essential Amino Acids Clue to remember: PVT TIM HALL

• Phenylalanine• Valine• Threonine• Tryptophan• Isoleucine

• Methionine• Histidine• Arginine• Lysine• Leucine

Page 29: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

How do the amino acids differ from what is in DNA?

• DNA is composed of nucleic acids (purines and pyrimidines)

• Purines– adenine, guanine

• Pyrimidines– cytosine, thymine

Page 30: AMINO ACIDS. Amino Acids are the building blocks of Proteins Composed of C, H, O, N usually S, P Always has a NH 2.

• Adenine

PURINES

Guanine

CytosineThymine

PYRIMIDINES


Amino Acids Metabolism : Disposal of Nitrogen. No No Storage Amino Acids of Amino Acids in the body No No Storage Amino Acids of Amino Acids in the body.

Amino Acids Metabolism : Disposal of Nitrogen. No No Storage Amino Acids of Amino Acids in the body No No Storage Amino Acids of Amino Acids in the body.

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins.. Classification of Amino Acids.

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins.. Classification of Amino Acids.

Amino Acids

Amino Acids

1 Proteins – Amides from Amino Acids Amino acids contain a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group Joined as amides between the NH 2 of one amino.

1 Proteins – Amides from Amino Acids Amino acids contain a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group Joined as amides between the NH 2 of one amino.

Section M Nitrogen metabolism 1. Reduction of N 2 into ammonia (NH 3 or NH 4 + ) 2. Synthesis of the 20 amino acids. 3. Amino acid degradation.

Section M Nitrogen metabolism 1. Reduction of N 2 into ammonia (NH 3 or NH 4 + ) 2. Synthesis of the 20 amino acids. 3. Amino acid degradation.

1 20.1 Functions of Proteins 20.2 Amino Acids 20.3 Amino Acids as Acids and Bases Chapter 20 Amino Acids and Proteins.

1 20.1 Functions of Proteins 20.2 Amino Acids 20.3 Amino Acids as Acids and Bases Chapter 20 Amino Acids and Proteins.

Amino acids and proteins … for AS Biology. Amino acids Proteins are macromolecules consisting of long unbranched chains of amino acids. All amino acids.

Amino acids and proteins … for AS Biology. Amino acids Proteins are macromolecules consisting of long unbranched chains of amino acids. All amino acids.

Branched Chain Amino Acids · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and

Branched Chain Amino Acids · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism€¦ · disorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism€¦ · disorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism - · PDF filedisorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids . aromatic

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism - · PDF filedisorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids . aromatic

27.3 Acid-Base Behavior of Amino Acids. Recall While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an —NH 2 group and a —CO 2 H group,

27.3 Acid-Base Behavior of Amino Acids. Recall While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an —NH 2 group and a —CO 2 H group,

Chapter 27 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Nucleic Acids · 2001-10-04 · Amino Acids NH 3 + CO 2 – an an α-amino acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene

Chapter 27 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Nucleic Acids · 2001-10-04 · Amino Acids NH 3 + CO 2 – an an α-amino acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene

Amino acids structure. Configuration of Amino Acids.

Amino acids structure. Configuration of Amino Acids.

PROTEIN METABOLISM Kadek Rachmawati. PROTEIN METABOLISM Protein Catabolism Amino Acids Metabolism Amino Acids Catabolism Amino Acids Biosynthesis.

PROTEIN METABOLISM Kadek Rachmawati. PROTEIN METABOLISM Protein Catabolism Amino Acids Metabolism Amino Acids Catabolism Amino Acids Biosynthesis.

Protein structure. Amino acids Amino acids: R group properties.

Protein structure. Amino acids Amino acids: R group properties.

Amino Acids: *Classification of Amino Acids According

Amino Acids: *Classification of Amino Acids According

Amino acids/Proteins. Sugars --------> polysaccharides Nucleotides --------> nucleic acids Fatty Acids --------> Lipids Amino acids -------> proteins.

Amino acids/Proteins. Sugars --------> polysaccharides Nucleotides --------> nucleic acids Fatty Acids --------> Lipids Amino acids -------> proteins.

Amino&Acids - Oregon State Universityoregonstate.edu/instruct/bb450/450material/Keynotes/03AminoAcids.pdf · • Proteins$comprised$of$2021 $amino$acids. Amino&Acids Essential$Amino$Acids.

Amino&Acids - Oregon State Universityoregonstate.edu/instruct/bb450/450material/Keynotes/03AminoAcids.pdf · • Proteins$comprised$of$2021 $amino$acids. Amino&Acids Essential$Amino$Acids.

Amino Acids:

Amino Acids:

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino acids bound by

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino acids bound by