Amines
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Transcript of Amines
![Page 1: Amines](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052700/55a43c341a28abe5738b477e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PRESENTED BY:
Beverly Bayo
Mark Erick Zoleta
IV-BSCT
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organic compounds and functional groups
that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a
lone pair.
derivatives of ammonia
one or more hydrogen atoms have been
replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or
aryl group
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A. Alkaloids
NICOTINE
coniine (from hemlock)
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B. Phenylethylamines
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C. Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Lysergic acid diethylamide
DopamineSerotonin
Acetylcholine
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Aliphatic amines no aromatic ring attached directly to the nitrogen
atom
Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic
ring as in the various anilines
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Primary amines
Secondary amines
Tertiary amines
Cyclic amines
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one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is
replaced by an alkyl or aromatic.
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two organic substituents (alkyl, aryl or both)
bound to N together with one hydrogen (or
no hydrogen if one of the substituent bonds
is double).
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all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by
organic substituents.
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either secondary or tertiary amines
Chlorpheniramine
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A. Primary Amines
1. IUPAC Name: Find longest chain and
replace –e ending with –
amine.
2. Common Name: Name alkyl group
attached to N and add
amine.
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
1-butanamine
butylamine
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B. 2° & 3° Amines with Identical Substituents
B. 2° & 3° Amines with Different Substituents
1. Find longest chain or largest ring.
2. Name other groups in alphabetical order,
with –N prefix for each.
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B. 2° & 3° Amines with Different Substituents
1. Find longest chain or largest ring.
2. Name other groups in alphabetical order,
with –N prefix for each.
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A. Nucleophilic Substitution
1. Direct Nucleophilic Substitution
•RX limited to methyl
and 1° alkyl halides.
• Complicated by
polyalkylation.
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Useful for preparing 1° amines and
quaternary ammonium salts
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2. Alkylation of Ammonia
1°, 2°, and 3° amines all have similar reactivity; the initially
formed monoalkylation product can undergo further reaction
to yield a mixture of alkylated products
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2. Gabriel Synthesis of 1° Amines
transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines.
Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide.
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B. Reduction of Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups
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C. Reductive Amination
Examples:
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The Hoffmann Elimination
1° amine react with excess methyl iodide yield
quarternary (4°) ammonium salts. E2 elimination
of the resulting trimethyl ammonium group to give
an alkene.
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PRESENTED BY:
Beverly Bayo
Mark Erick Zoleta
IV-BSCT