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Transcript of Amina,s ppt
Presented To: Dr. Shahjahan
Presented By: Amina
Hussain
PhD Biotechnology
1st Semester
University of Punjab , Lahore
POINTS TO BE DISCUSS
Economic and
industrial
importance
of microbes
Identification of
microbes
Isolation of microbes
Introduction
Industrial microbiology and biotechnologyassociates with the commercial exploitation ofmicrobes for the benefit of mankind.
Microorganisms are used to create a widevariety of products and to assist inmaintaining and improving the environment
These microbial products may have direct orindirect impact on the economics,environment and social parameters of thesociety.
Commercially
Environmental Economically
Microbes are
important
industrially
Microbes have wide scope in different
areas. Some of them are, starter cultures in commercial food
and beverage production.
Products of alcoholic fermentation.
Production of Enzymes and other industrial products.
Production of Pharmaceuticals, like antimicrobials, recombinant
hormones, and other cell regulators.
Pesticides and agricultural products
Biosensors and bioreporters.
ISOLATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT MICROBES
Isolation is having mainly 2 strategies
1) From the environment by collecting samples of free living microorganism from natural habitats.
2) By sampling of microbes with desired characteristics from specific sites such as found among the natural micro flora.
Methods of isolation of microbes (isolation of pure culture
from mixed culture)
• Streak Plate Method
• Spread Plate Method
• Pour Plate Method (Serial Dilution Method)
Plating Techniques (Classical Methods)
• Laser Tweezers
Microscopic Tool (New
Technology)
Streak plate method
Sterilize the wire loop.
Cool the loop
Dip the loop into culture
containing the mixture of bacteria.
Drag the loop over the top
one-third of the plate back and forth in a "zig-zag" formation.
It is one of the commonly used isolation techniques
In this way a number of microbes are spread out over the surface of the
agar.
Sterilize the loop in the flame.
Turn the plate 90 degree and repeat the streaking
procedure
Sterilize the loop in the flame.
Turn the plate again at 90 degree
Repeat the procedure 3rd time for t streak method and for quadrant streak method repeat for one
more time.
Incubate the plate for 24 hours.
If streaking is correctly, you will see isolated colonies in the third
sector.
The heaviest growth will be in the first sector. There will be less
growth and some isolated colonies in the second sector.
The third area should have the least growth with isolated colonies.
Original sample is diluted several times to thin out the population sufficiently.
Most diluted samples are then mixed with warm agar and poured into petri dishes.
Isolated cells grow into colonies on the surface or subsurface.
Used to establish Pure Culture.
Pour plate method
The pour-plate technique also will yield isolated colonies and has
been extensively used.
Useful for isolating slow growing bacteria & organisms
present in less number.
Cell is isolated from microscopic field & moved away from mixture of cells.
Consists of an inverted light microscope
equipped with infrared laser &
micromanipulation device.
THE LASER TWEEZERS
Mixed Sample in Capillary tube
Focus laser beam
Traps a single cell & drags down the optically
trapped cell.
Cell moves away from contaminants
Capillary is severed
Cell is flushed into a tube of sterile medium
IDENTIFICATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT MICROBES
After the isolation of bacteria, it is important to identify the specified bacteria.
Identification is mostly done with the help of following characteristics
Morphology Selective and diagnostic
media,Cultural
characteristics
Additional recognized
biochemical tests,
Profile of microbial
stains, and
It is the science dealing with the structures and
forms of organisms.It includes
MorphologyShape
length and breadth,
body arrangeme
nt
Motility
formsspores
capsule
It specifically favour thegrowth of particularmicroorganisms.
Eg. MacConkey’s agarmedium for E. coli.
Differential media, Enrichmentmedia, and Characteristicmedia are types ofidentification techniques.
Selective and differential media
These tests are extensively used for identification
purpose. These tests are,
Carbohydrate (Sugar)
Fermentation
Litmus Milk,Indole Production
Methyl Red Test [MR-Test]
Voges-Proskauer Test [VP-Test]
Citrate Utilization, etc.
ADDITIONAL RECOGNIZED BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
Microbes are extremely small in size, hence to visualize them,
staining is takes place, in which either cell interior or exterior part
stains in color.
Different Staining technique includes, Differential staining, Capsule staining ; Endospore staining ; Flagellar staining.
Profile of microbial stains
These characteristics are,
Shape, Size, Elevation Margins,
Surface, Edges,Colour , Structure,
Consistency, etc.
Cultural characteristics