AMICUS BRIEF by Leo Donofrio in Georgia Presidential Eligibility Case

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    zdn 8:zd

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    Erhv+

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    df} ofrzd uh} ~kmnrzhfk' }c zdn mc~rz uh} rnx~frnj zc hkhgv|n zdn ihmz} oh}nj ~pck zdrnn

    jfiinrnkz ofrzd jhzn }mnkhrfc}+

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    Zdn Mc~rz dngj zdhz fi zdn pghfkzfii uh} ocrk fk Knu Vcra' prfcr zc L~gv :' 8559' zdnk dn

    uh} hk hgfnk' hkj mc~gj kcz fkdnrfz+

    Ck L~gv :zd

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    ]npznbonr 8>zd

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    Orfzf}d ihzdnr' ircb ofrzd' hkj zdrc~edc~z df} bfkcrfzv+ Zdn Mc~rz hg}c }zhznj zdhz zdn

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    jfrnmzgv hehfk}z fz+

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    cpnrhzfck ci zdn n}zhogf}dnj r~gn ci mfzf|nk}dfp ov ofrzd ufzdfk zdn ^kfznj ]zhzn}& zc zdn mckznbpcrhknc~} cpfkfck} fk Fkegf} y+ ]hfgcr}%

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    Zdn dcgjfke fk ]dhka} i~rzdnr mhgg} fkzc x~n}zfck L~}zfmn Erhv} hkhgv}f} fk Ucke Afb

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    zdn dcgjfke fk ^+]+ y+ Ucke Afb Hra+

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    :?

    Zdn }fbpgn pcunr ci zdn khzfckhg Gnef}ghz~rn' f} zc prn}mrfon h ~kficrb r~gn ci

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    zdnfr L~jebnkz zdnrnci' onmh~}n zdn Mc~rz ci zdn gcrj zdn Afke dnrn zdnrnci hrn kcz vnz')1+ Hkj zdn h}}f|n hicrn}hfj rnbhfk} zc on zhank onicrn zdn }hfj gcrj zdn Afke' ~kzfg zdn}hbn Bckjhv zdnrn' )m+ Hkj zdn }dnrfii zc jf}zrhfk zdn rnmcekfzcr} ci zdn h}}f|nhicrn}hfj< hkj fk zdn fkznrfb zc mh~}n h yfnu' )m1 hz udfmd jhv' onicrn zdn gcrj zdn Afkehz Un}zbfk}znr' mcbn h} ungg zdn hicrn}hfj _conrz Mhgyfk' ov df} e~hrjfhk} hicrn}hfj' h}zdn hicrn}hfj _fmdhrj ]bfzd hkj Kfmdcgh} ]bfzd ov zdnfr hzzcrknv hicrn}hfj1 hkj onmh~}n5 Mcan _npcrz ? h' 55 N_ p=56zdn Mc~rz ci zdn gcrj zdn Afke Q5"Mcan"? hR dnrn ci efyfke zdnfr l~jebnkz ci hkj ~pck zdnprnbf}n} f} kcz vnz hjyf}nj' jhv zdnrnci f} efynk zc zdn phrzfn} hicrn}hfj onicrn zdn gcrjzdn Afke hz Un}zbfk}znr' ~kzfg Bckjhv kntz hiznr zdn bcrrcu ci zdn H}mnk}fck ci c~rGcrj' zc dnhr zdnfr l~jebnkz = onmh~}n zdn Mc~rz ci zdn gcrj zdn Afke dnrn hrn kcz vnz')m+ Hkj zdn h}}f|n hicrn}hfj rnbhfk} i~rzdnr zc on zhank' ~kzfg zdn }hbn Bckjhv zdnrn')m+ = hkj zdn }dnrfii' h} onicrn' zc jf}zrhfk zdn rnmcekfzcr} ci zdn h}}f|n hicrn}hfj' hkj fkzdn fkznrfb zc mh~}n h yfnu' )m+ Hz udfmd jhv' onicrn zdn gcrj zdn Afke hz Un}zbfk}znr'mcbn h} ungg zdn hicrn}hfj _conrz Mhgyfk ov df} e~hrjfhk} hicrn}hfj' h} zdn hicrn}hfj_fmdhrj ]bfzd hkj Kfmdcgh} ]bfzd' ov zdnfr hzzcrknv hicrn}hfj' )m1 hkj onmh~}n zdnMc~rz ci zdn gcrj zdn Afke dnrn' )m+ Q? hR ZDN MH]NH bhk ocrk fk ]mczghkj hiznr zdn hmmn}}fck ci Afke Lhbn} zdn Ifr}z zc zdn Nkegf}d zdrckn'hkj j~rfke df} rnfek' bhv dcgj ghkj} fk Nkeghkj+ ]+M+ Dcung%} ]zhzn Zrfhg}' Ycg+ D+ p+>>6+ Zdn x~n}zfck ci zdf} mh}n h} zc bhzznr fk ghu uh}' udnzdnr _conrz Mhgyfk zdnpghfkzfii$onfke ocrk fk ]mczghkj }fkmn zdn Mrcuk ci Nkeghkj jn}mnkjnj zc Df} Bhln}zv&on hk hgfnk ocrk' hkj mck}nx~nkzgv jf}hognj zc orfke hkv rnhg cr pnr}ckhg $h& hmzfck icr

    hkv ghkj} ufzdfk zdn rnhgb ci Nkeghkj+ Hiznr zdf} mh}n dhj onnk hre~nj fk zdn %Mc~rz ciAfke%} Onkmd' hz zdn Ohr' ov zdn mc~k}ng gnhrknj ci nfzdnr phrzv' zdn L~jen} ci zdhz Mc~rz'~pck mckinrnkmn hkj mck}fjnrhzfck ci zdn unfedz hkj fbpcrzhkmn zdnrnci' hjlc~rknj zdn}hbn $hmmcrjfke zc zdn hkmfnkz hkj crjfkhrv mc~r}n hkj crjnr ci zdn ghu& fkzc zdn $o&Ntmdnx~nr Mdhbonr' zc on hre~nj cpnkgv zdnrn1 ifr}z ov zdn mc~k}ng gnhrknj ci nfzdnrphrzv' hkj zdnk ov hgg zdn L~jen} ci Nkeghkj1 udnrn hiznruhrj} zdn mh}n uh} hre~nj ovOhmck' ]cgfmfzcr"Enknrhg' ck zdn phrz ci zdn pghfkzfii' hkj ov Gh~r+ Dfjn icr zdn jninkjhkz1hkj hiznruhrj ov Dcohrz' Hzzcrknv"Enknrhg' icr zdn pghfkzfii' hkj ov ]nrlnhkz D~zzck icrzdn jninkjhkz1 hkj' fk Nh}znr znrb gh}z' zdn mh}n uh} hre~nj ov Dnrck' p~f}kn Ohrck ci zdnNtmdnx~nr' hkj Ic}znr' p~f}kn L~jen ci zdn Mc~rz ci Mcbbck Pgnh}1 hkj' ck zdn }nmckj

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    jhv hppcfkznj icr zdf} mh}n' ov Mrcca' p~f}kn L~jen ci zdn Afke%} Onkmd' hkj Hgzdhb'Ohrck ci zdn Ntmdnx~nr1 zdn zdfrj jhv ov ]kfeen' Ohrck ci zdn Ntmdnx~nr' hkj Ufggfhb}'ckn ci zdn L~jen} ci zdn Afke%} Onkmd1 zdn ic~rzd jhv ov Jhkfng' ckn ci zdn L~jen} ci zdnMc~rz ci Mcbbck Pgnh}' hkj ov Vngynrzck' ckn ci zdn L~jen} ci zdn Afke%} Onkmd< hkj'fk Zrfkfzv znrb icggcufke' ov Uhro~rzck' ckn ci zdn L~jen} ci zdn Mcbbck Pgnh}' hkjInkknr' ckn ci zdn L~jen} ci zdn Afke%} Onkmd1 hkj hiznr ov Uhgbn}gnv' ckn ci zdn L~jen}

    ci zdn Mcbbck Pgnh}' hkj Zhkifngj' Mdfni Ohrck1 hkj' hz zuc }nynrhg jhv} fk zdn }hbnznrb' Mcan' Mdfni L~}zfmn ci zdn Mcbbck Pgnh}' Ignbfke' Mdfni L~}zfmn i zdn Afke%}Onkmd' hkj ]fr Zdcbh} Neenrzck' Gcrj Nggn}bnrn' Gcrj Mdhkmnggcr ci Nkeghkj' hre~njzdn mh}n $zdn gfan pgnh fk jf}hofgfzv Q5"Mcan"? oR ci _conrz Mhgyfk%} pnr}ck onfke pgnhjnjb~zhzf} b~zhkjf} fk zdn Mdhkmnrv fk h }~fz zdnrn icr nyfjnkmn mckmnrkfke ghkj} cifkdnrfzhkmn1 hkj' ov zdn Gcrj Mdhkmnggcr' hjlc~rknj hg}c fkzc zdn Ntmdnx~nr"Mdhbonr' zczdn nkj zdhz ckn r~gn bfedz cynr"r~gn oczd zdn }hfj mh}n}&' Hkj ifr}z $icr zdhz F fkznkj zcbhan h} }~bbhrv h rnpcrz h} F mhk& F ufgg hz zdn ifr}z }nz jcuk }~md hre~bnkz} hkjcolnmzfck} h} unrn bhjn hkj jrhuk c~z ci zdf} }dcrz rnmcrj hehfk}z zdn pghfkzfii ov zdc}nzdhz hre~nj icr zdn jninkjhkz}+ Fz uh} co}nrynj' zdhz fk zdf} pgnh zdnrn unrn ic~r kc~k}'x~hz~cr kcbfkh' udfmd unrn mhggnj kcbfkh cpnrhzfyn' onmh~}n ircb zdnb hgg zdn }hfjhre~bnkz} hkj colnmzfck} ck zdn phrz ci zdn jninkjhkz} unrn jrhuk1 zdhz f} zc }hv 8+Gfenhkzfh $udfmd f} zufmn rnpnhznj fk zdn pgnh1 icr fz f} }hfj' fkirh gfenhkzfhb jcbfkf _nef}

    rnekf }~f ]mcz%' nz ntzrh gfenhkzfhb jcbfkf _nef} rnekf }~f Hkeg%&+ ?+ _nek~b $udfmd hg}chppnhrnzd zc on zufmn bnkzfcknj' yf|+ rnek~b Hkeg%' hkj rnek~b ]mcz%&+ =+ Gnen} $udfmdhrn zufmn hggnenj' yf|+ gnen} Hkeg%' hkj gnen} ]mcz%' zuc }nynrhg hkj jf}"5 Mcan _npcrz = h' 55 N_ p=40zfkmz ghu}&+ :+ Hgfnkfenkh $udfmd f} zdn mckmg~}fck ci hgg' yf|+ zdhz _conrz Mhgyfk f}hgfnkfenkh&+ 8+ Gfenhkzfh+ Ov zdn ifr}z fz hppnhrnzd' zdhz zdn jninkjhkz} jc bhan zuc gfenhkmn}'ckn ci Nkeghkj' hkj hkczdnr ci ]mczghkj1 hkj %ircb zdn}n }nynrhg gfenhkmn} zuchre~bnkz} unrn irhbnj' udfmd orfnigv bhv on mckmg~jnj zd~}< Udc}cnynr f} ocrk fkirhgfenhkzfhkz' ufzdfk zdn gfenhkmn ci Afke Lhbn} ci df} afkejcb ci ]mczghkj' f} hgfnkfenkh'hk hgfnk ocrk' h} zc zdn afkejcb ci Nkeghkj< o~z _conrz Mhgyfk uh} ocrk hz Njfko~red'ufzdfk zdn gfenhkmn ci zdn Afke ci df} afkejcb ci ]mczghkj1 zdnrnicrn _conrz Mhgyfk f}hgfnkfenkh' hk hgfnk ocrk' h} zc zdn afkejcb ci Nkeghkj+ ?+ Udc}cnynr f} ocrk ntzrhgfenhkzfhb' c~z ci zdn gfenhkmn ci Afke Lhbn} ci df} afkejcb ci Nkeghkj' f} hk hgfnk h} zczdn afkejcb ci Nkeghkj< o~z zdn pghfkzfii uh} ocrk c~z ci zdn gfenhkmn ci zdn Afke ci df}afkejcb ci Nkeghkj1 zdnrnicrn zdn pghfkzfii f} hk hgfnk' )m+ Oczd zdn}n hre~bnkz} hrnjrhuk ircb zdn ynrv ucrj} ci zdn pgnh' yf|+ x~cj prj% _conrz~} n}z hgfnkfenkh' khz~} >Kcy hkkc rnekf jcbfkf _nef} k~km Hkeg% )m+ znrzfc hp~j Njnko~re fkirh rnek~b ]mcz% hmfkirh gfenhkzfhb' jfmzf jcbfkf _nef} jfmzf rnekf }~f ]mcz%' hm ntzrh gfenhkzfhb jfmzf jcbfkf_nef} rnekf }~f Hkeg%+ ?+ _nekh+ Ircb zdn }nynrhg afkejcb}' yf|+ rnek~b' Hkeg% hkj rnek~b' ]mcz% zdrnnhre~bnkz} unrn jrhuk+ 8+ X~hkjc $h& j~c l~rh $fbc j~c rnekh& mckm~rr~kz fk ~khpnr}ckh' mnx~~b n}z hm }f n}}nkz fk jfynr}f}< o~z fk zdn Afke%} pnr}ck zdnrn mckm~r zucjf}zfkmz hkj }nynrhg afkejcb}1 zdnrnicrn fz f} hgg ckn h} fi zdnv unrn fk jfynr} pnr}ck}' Q5"

    Mcan"= hR hkj mck}nx~nkzgv zdn pghfkzfii f} hk hgfnk' h} hgg zdn hkznkhzf hrn' icr zdhz zdnvunrn ocrk ~kjnr zdn gfenhkmn ci hkczdnr Afke+ ?+ Udhz}cnynr f} j~n zc zdn Afke%} }nynrhgpcgfzfm mhphmfzfn} ci zdn }nynrhg afkejcb} f} }nynrhg hkj jfyfjnj< o~z gfenhkmn ci nhmdkhzfck f} j~n zc zdn Afke%} }nynrhg pcgfzfm mhphmfzfn} ci zdn }nynrhg afkejcb}1 nrec' zdngfenhkmn ci nhmd khzfck f} }nynrhg hkj jfyfjnj' hkj mck}nx~nkzgv zdn pghfkzfii f} hk hgfnk'icr zdhz zdnv zdhz hrn ocrk ~kjnr }nynrhg gfenhkmn} hrn hgfnk} ckn zc hkczdnr+ =+ Udnrn zdnAfke dhzd }nynrhg afkejcb} ov }nynrhg zfzgn} hkj jn}mnkz}' zdnrn hg}c hrn zdn gfenhkmn}}nynrhg< o~z zdn Afke dhzd zdn}n zuc afkejcb} ov }nynrhg zfzgn} hkj jn}mnkz}1 zdnrnicrnzdn gfenhkmn} hrn }nynrhg+ Zdn}n zdrnn hre~bnkz} hrn mcggnmznj hg}c ircb zdn ucrj} ci zdnpgnh onicrn rnbnbonrnj+

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    =+ Gnen}+ Ircb zdn }nynrhg hkj jf}zfkmz ghu} ci nfzdnr afkejcb' zdnv jfj rnh}ckzd~}< 8+ Nynrv }~olnmz zdhz f} ocrk c~z ci zdn ntznkz hkj rnhmd ci zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj'mhkkcz ov l~jebnkz ci zdc}n ghu} on h khz~rhg }~olnmz zc zdn Afke' fk rn}pnmz ci df}afkejcb ci Nkeghkj< o~z zdn pghfkzfii uh} ocrk hz Njfko~red' c~z ci zdn ntznkz hkj rnhmdci zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj1 zdnrnicrn zdn pghfkzfii ov zdn l~jebnkz ci zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkjmhkkcz on h khz~rhg }~olnmz zc zdn% Afke' h} ci df} afkejcb ci Nkeghkj+ ?+ Zdhz }~olnmz'

    zdhz f} kcz hz zdn zfbn hkj fk zdn pghmn ci df} ofrzd fkdnrfzhogn zc zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj'mhkkcz on fkdnrfzhogn cr phrzhanr ci zdn onknifz} hkj prfyfgnen} efynk ov zdn ghu} ciNkeghkj< o~z zdn pghfkzfii hz zdn zfbn' hkj fk zdn pghmn ci df} ofrzd uh} kcz fkdnrfzhogn zczdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj' $o~z ckgv zc zdn ghu} ci ]mczghkj1& zdnrnicrn dn f} kcz fkdnrfzhogn crzc on phrzhanr ci zdn onknifz} cr prfyfgnen} ci zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj+ =+ Udhz}cnynrhppnhrnzd zc on c~z ci zdn l~rf}jfmzfck ci zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj' mhkkcz on zrfnj ov zdn }hbnghu}< o~z zdn pghfkzfii%} ofrzd hz Njfko~red f} c~z ci zdn l~rf}jfmzfck ci zdn ghu} ciNkeghkj1 zdnrnicrn zdn }hbn mhkkcz on zrfnj ov zdn ghu} ci Nkeghkj+ Udfmd zdrnnhre~bnkz} unrn jrhuk ircb zdn}n ucrj} ci zdn pgnh' yf|+ X~cjx~n znbpcrn khzfyfzhzf}prj%_conrzf Mhgyfk' hm jf~ hkznh' nz mckzfk~3 pc}znh' prj% rnek~b' ]mcz% pnr l~rh' gnen}'nz }zhz~zh nl~}jnb rnekf prcprfh' nz kck pnr l~rh' gnen}' }n~ }zhz~gh d~l~} rnekf Hkeg%rne~ghz% nz e~onrkhz i~fz' nz hjd~m n}z+ :+ Hgfnkfenkh+ Ircb zdf} ucrj hgfnkfenkh zdnv hre~nj zd~}< nynrv }~olnmz zdhz f}hgfnk% enkzf} $f' n+& hgfnk% gfenhkz%' n}z hgfnkfenkh< o~z }~md h ckn f} zdn pghfkzfii1 zdnrnicrn')m+ Hkj zc zdn}n kfkn hre~bnkz} hgg zdhz uh} }pcank gnhrknjgv hkj hz ghren ov zdc}n zdhzhre~nj hehfk}z zdn pghfkzfii bhv on rnj~mnj+ Q5"Mcan"= oR O~z fz uh} rn}cgynj ov zdn Gcrj Mdhkmnggcr hkj zungyn L~jen}' yf|+zdn zuc Mdfni L~}zfmn}' zdn Mdfni Ohrck' L~}zfmn Inkknr' Uhronrzck' Vngynrzck' Jhkfng'Ufggfhb}' Ohrck ]kfeen' Ohrck Hgzdhb' L~}zfmn Mrccan' hkj Ohrck Dnrck' zdhz zdn5 Mcan _npcrz : h' 55 N_ p=48pghfkzfii uh} kc hgfnk' hkj mck}nx~nkzgv zdhz dn c~edz zc on hk}unrnj fk zdf} h}}f}n ov zdnjninkjhkz}+ Zdf} mh}n uh} h} nghocrhzngv' }~o}zhkzfhggv' hkj l~jfmfhggv hre~nj o zdn GcrjMdhkmnggcr' hkj ov bv ornzdrnk zdn L~jen}' h} F cynr rnhj cr dnhrj ci hkv1 hkj }c fk bfkncpfkfck zdn unfedz hkj mck}nx~nkmn ci zdn mh~}n' oczd fk pr}nkzf nz pnrpnz~f} i~z~rf}znbpcrfo~} l~}zgv jn}nrynj'< icr zdc~ed fz uh} ckn ci zdn }dcrzn}z hkj gnh}z zdhz nynr unhre~nj fk zdf} Mc~rz' vnz uh} fz zdn gcken}z hkj unfedzfn}z zdhz nynr uh} hre~nj fk hkvMc~rz' zdn }dcrzn}z fk }vgghogn}' hkj zdn gcken}z fk }~o}zhkmn1 zdn gnh}z icr zdn yhg~n $hkjvnz kcz znkjfke zc zdn rfedz ci zdhz gnh}z& o~z zdn unfedzfn}z icr zdn mck}nx~nkz' oczd icrzdn prn}nkz' hkj icr hgg pc}znrfzv+ Hkj zdnrnicrn fz uh} }hfj' zdhz zdc}n zdhz dhj urfzznk jnic}}fgfo~} jfj co}nryn' zdhz ecgj ofjjnk fk zdn ocung} ci zdn nhrzd' uh} fk rn}pnmz ci zdnbh}} ci zdn udcgn nhrzd' prhb fk bhkec1 o~z ci zdf} }dcrz pgnh fz bfedz on zr~gv }hfj$udfmd f} bcrn }zrhken& zdhz dnrn uh} bhek~b fk Phrmc+ Hkj fk zdn hre~bnkz} ci zdc}nzdhz hre~nj icr zdn pghfkzfii' F }pnmfhggv kcznj' zdhz hgonfz zdnv }phan hmmcrjfke zc zdnfrcuk dnhrz' vnz zdnv }phan kcz c~z ci zdnfr cuk onhj hkj fkynkzfck< udnrnfk zdnv icggcunjzdn mc~k}ng efynk fk Ecj%} occa' fkznrrceh prf}zfkhb enknrhzfcknb $icr c~z ci zdn cgjifngj} b~}z mcbn zdn knu mcrk& nz jfgfenkznr fkyn}zfeh phzr~b bnbcrfhb' hkj jfgfenkzgv

    }nhrmd c~z zdn l~jebnkz} ci c~r icrnihzdnr}' hkj zdhz icr jfynr} rnh}ck}< ifr}z ck c~r cukphrz' Dn}znrkf nkfb }~b~} nz fekcrhb~}' nz yfzh kc}zrh }fm~z ~borh }~pnr znrrhb1 icr unhrn o~z ci vn}znrjhv' $hkj zdnrnicrn dhj knnj ci zdn uf}jcb ci zdc}n zdhz unrn onicrn ~}&hkj dhj onnk fekcrhkz $fi un dhj kcz rnmnfynj gfedz hkj akcugnjen ircb c~r icrnihzdnr}&hkj c~r jhv} ~pck zdn nhrzd hrn o~z h} h }dhjcu' fk rn}pnmz ci zdn cgj hkmfnkz jhv} hkjzfbn} ph}z' udnrnfk zdn ghu} dhyn onnk ov zdn uf}jcb ci zdn bc}z ntmnggnkz bnk' fkbhkv }~mmn}}fck} ci hen}' ov gcke hkj mckzfk~hg ntpnrfnkmn' $zdn zrfhg ci rfedz hkj zr~zd&ifknj hkj rnifknj' udfmd kc ckn bhk' $onfke ci }c }dcrz h zfbn& hgonfz dn dhj fk df} dnhjzdn uf}jcb ci hgg zdn bnk fk zdn ucrgj' fk hkv ckn hen mc~gj nynr dhyn niinmznj crhzzhfknj ~kzc+ Hkj zdnrnicrn fz f} cpzfbh rne~gh' x~h k~ggh n}z ynrfcr h~z ifrbfcr fk l~rn'

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