Americas (terminology) 1

Americas (terminology)

Subdivisions of the Americas

Map Legend

  North America (NA)

  South America (SA)

  May be included in       either NA or SA

  North America (NA)

  May be included in NA

  Central America

  Caribbean

  South America

  North America (NA)

  May be included in NA

Northern America  Middle America (MA)

  Caribbean (may be        included in MA)

  South America (SA)

  May be included        in MA or SA

  Anglo-America (A-A)

  May be included in A-A

  Latin America (LA)

  May be included in LA

The Americas, also known as America,[1] are the lands of the western hemisphere, composed of numerous entitiesand regions variably defined by geography, politics, and culture.The Americas are recognised in the English-speaking world to comprise two separate continents: North America andSouth America. The Americas are also considered to comprise a single continent (named América), in Latin Americaand some other areas.

Physical geography• North America—the continent and associated islands of the northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western

hemisphere. It lies northwest of South America and is bounded by the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans.• Middle America—the territory between the southern Rocky Mountains and the northern tip of the Andes. This

isthmus marks the transition between North and South America. It may also include the Caribbean.[2][3]

• Central America—the narrow southern portion of mainland North America connecting with South America,extending from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Isthmus of Panama; alternatively, the Trans-MexicanVolcanic Belt may delimit the region on the north.[4][5]

• Caribbean—the region between southeastern North America and northern South America consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The

Americas (terminology) 2

islands—composed of the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, and the Bahamas—are also known as the WestIndies (or, in some languages, the Antilles); they are often included in the region of Middle America.

• South America—the continent and associated islands of the western hemisphere. It is chiefly in the southernhemisphere and lies between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, southeast of North America.

Human geography

Geographical or geopolitical regions• North America—when used to denote less than the entire North American continent, this term may include

Canada, Mexico and the United States, or just Canada and the United States together.[6][7][8][9] It may also includethe dependencies of Bermuda (U.K.), Greenland (Denmark), and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France.)[10]

• Middle America—Mexico and the nations of Central America; often also includes the West Indies. Occasionally,Colombia and Venezuela are also included in Middle America.• Central America—the southern region of the North American continent, comprising Belize, Guatemala, El

Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.[11] Sometimes, Central America may be defined toonly include the five countries which gained independence as the United Provinces of Central America. Thisdefinition excludes Belize and Panama.[12]

• West Indies—the island territories of the Caribbean.• South America—contains the nations of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay,

Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and the French overseas department of French Guiana. Also includesthe insular territories of the Falkland Islands (U.K.), the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (U.K.),Fernando de Noronha (Brazil), Trindade and Martim Vaz (Brazil), the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador), and the JuanFernández Islands (Chile).[13]

• Middle America (United States)—Middle America may also refer to the midwestern United States or themiddle-class segment of the U.S. population.

United Nations geoscheme

United Nations geoscheme for the Americas

  Northern America

  Central America

  Caribbean

  South America

Main article: United Nations geoscheme• Northern America—the northern region of the North American continent, comprising Canada, the United States,

Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and Bermuda.• Latin America and the Caribbean:

• Central America—the countries south of the Mexico and north of Colombia.• Caribbean.• South America—all the countries south of Panama.

Within this scheme, the continent of North America comprises Northern America, Central America, and theCaribbean.[14]

Americas (terminology) 3

Political divisions

United States of America Confederate States of America(1861-1865)

Federal Republic of CentralAmerica (1823-1840)

West Indies Federation(1958-1962)

• United States of America—a federal republic in North America founded in 1776 and comprising 50 states (one ofwhich, Hawaii, is not considered to be located in North America) and one federal district (the District ofColumbia), with several outlying territories of varying affiliation; commonly referred to as the U.S. or simplyAmerica.• Confederate States of America—a former confederation in North America from 1861 to 1865, comprising

eleven southern states that attempted to secede from the United States of America: Alabama, Arkansas,Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.Their rebellion precipitated the American Civil War; upon its conclusion, the Confederate States werereadmitted to representation in the United States Congress.

• British America—former designation for British possessions in the Americas.• British North America—former designation for territories in North America colonised by Great Britain in the

18th and 19th centuries, particularly after 1783 and in reference to Canada. At the start of the AmericanRevolution in 1775, the British Empire in North America included twenty colonies north of Mexico. In 1783, theTreaty of Paris ended the American Revolution and established boundaries between the United States and BritishNorth America; East Florida and West Florida were also ceded to Spain in the treaty, and then ceded by Spain tothe US in 1819. From 1867 to 1873, all but one of the remaining colonies of British North America confederated(through a series of eponymous acts) into the Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.

• British West Indies—the islands and territories of the Caribbean under British colonial influence.• Federal Republic of Central America—formerly the United Provinces of Central America, a federal republic in

Central America from 1823 to 1840 comprising the newly independent Spanish territories: Costa Rica, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and (later) Los Altos. In 1838, the federation succumbed to civil warand dissolved.

Americas (terminology) 4

• Northern America (América Septentrional)-the first official name of Mexico.[15]

• Mexican America (América Mexicana)-a name chosen and drafted in the first Mexican constitution.[16]

• United Provinces of South America, denomination of Argentina during the early developments of the ArgentineWar of Independence, and official denomination of the country as per the 1819 Constitution (rejected 1820).

• West Indies Federation—a federation of several Caribbean island colonies and territories of the United Kingdom(see also: British West Indies) from 1958 to 1962. This was followed by the West Indies Associated States, asmaller, looser polity, from 1967 to 1981.

Linguistic/cultural regions• Anglo-America—the region of the Americas having significant historical, linguistic, and cultural links to England

or the British Isles, e.g., where English (a Germanic language) is officially or primarily spoken; often just Canadaand the United States.

• Latin America—the region of the Americas where Romance languages derived from Latin–namely Spanish,Portuguese, and variably French–are officially or primarily spoken. Though French is spoken in Quebec, it istypically not included due to Canada's links to Britain.• Ibero-America—the region of the Americas having significant historical, linguistic, and cultural links to Spain

or Portugal (both on the Iberian peninsula.)• Hispanic America (also Spanish America)—those countries inhabited by Spanish-speaking populations.[17]

• Mesoamerica—a region of the Americas extending from central Mexico southeast to Nicaragua and Costa Rica; aterm used especially in archaeology and ethnohistory for the region where an array of civilizations had flourishedduring the pre-Columbian era, and which shared a number of historical and cultural traditions.• Mesoamerican Linguistic Area—a sprachbund, or linguistic region, defined as the area inhabited by speakers

of a set of indigenous languages which have developed certain similarities as a result of their historic andgeographical connections; roughly co-terminate with the archaeological/ethnohistorical Mesoamerica.

• Aridoamerica—an archaeological/ethnohistorical regional division, essentially comprising the arid/semi-aridnorthern portion of present-day Mexico, whose historical peoples are generally characterised by a nomadicexistence and minimal reliance on agriculture.

• Oasisamerica—an occasionally used archaeological/ethnohistorical term for a (pre-Columbian) cultural region ofNorth America.

References[1] "America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ISBN 0-19-214183-X). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford

University Press, p. 33: "[16c: from the feminine of Americus, the Latinized first name of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512). Aclaim is also made for the name of Richard Ameryk, sheriff of Bristol and patron of John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto), the 16c Anglo-Italianexplorer of North America. The name America first appeared on a map in 1507 by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, referringto the area now called Brazil]. Since the 16c, a name of the western hemisphere, often in the plural Americas and more or less synonymouswith the New World. Since the 18c, a name of the United States of America. The second sense is now primary in English: ... However, theterm is open to uncertainties: ..."

[2] " Middle America (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ eb/ article-9052538/ Middle-America)", Encyclopædia Britannica, on line. AccessedOctober 12, 2007.

[3] " Middle America (http:/ / www. m-w. com/ dictionary/ Middle America)." Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Accessed October 11,2007.

[4] Nord-Amèrica, in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana (http:/ / www. grec. cat)[5] " Central America (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ eb/ article-9110092/ Central-America)". Encyclopædia Britannica, on line. Accessed

October 12, 2007.[6] pp. 30–31, Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts, H. J. de Blij and Peter O. Muller, Wiley, 12th ed., 2005 (ISBN 0-471-71786-X.)[7][7] p. 168, Lewis and Wigen.[8] Burchfield, R. W., ed. 2004. "America." Fowler's Modern English Usage (ISBN 0-19-861021-1) New York: Oxford University Press, p. 48

Americas (terminology) 5

[9] McArthur, Tom. 1992."North American." The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ISBN 0-19-214183-X) New York: OxfordUniversity Press, p. 707.

[10] " North America (http:/ / encarta. msn. com/ encyclopedia_761562468/ North_America. html)", MSN Encarta, Microsoft. Accessed on lineOctober 10, 2007. Archived (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5kwKFMQnF) 2009-10-31.

[11] " Central America (http:/ / encarta. msn. com/ encyclopedia_761574502/ Central_America. html)", MSN Encarta, Microsoft. Accessed online October 12, 2007. Archived (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5kwKFvtVa) 2009-10-31.

[12] "Central America", Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier: 2002.[13] " South America (http:/ / encarta. msn. com/ encyclopedia_761574914/ South_America. html)", MSN Encarta, Microsoft. Accessed on line

October 12, 2007. Archived (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5kwKGUvhy) 2009-10-31.[14] Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings (http:/ /

unstats. un. org/ unsd/ methods/ m49/ m49regin. htm). United Nations Statistics Division, Country and Region Codes. Revised August 28,2007. Accessed on line October 12, 2007.

[15] Mexican Congress (http:/ / www. diputados. gob. mx/ cedia/ museo/ sala3_mas. htm)[16] Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana (http:/ / www. juridicas. unam. mx/ infjur/ leg/ conshist/ pdf/ 1814. pdf)[17] What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America? (http:/ / geography. about. com/ library/

faq/ blqzamericas. htm) Geography at about.com. Accessed on line October 12, 2007.

Additional sources• The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online (http:/ / www. columbiagazetteer. org/ ). 2005. New York:

Columbia University Press (proprietary; limited access).• Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. 2003. (ISBN 0-87779-809-5) New York: Merriam-Webster,

Inc.• Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2nd ed. (rev.) 2002. (ISBN 0-19-860652-4) Oxford, UK: Oxford University

Press.• What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America? (http:/ /

geography. about. com/ library/ faq/ blqzamericas. htm) Geography at about.com.• Map of North an Middle America (http:/ / north-america. atlas-map. com/ )

Article Sources and Contributors 6

Article Sources and ContributorsAmericas (terminology)  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=603910321  Contributors: A the 0th, Aaronbrick, Abakerp, AbelM7, Acjelen, Ajd, AlexCovarrubias, Barek, BilCat,Blaxthos, Bosonic dressing, CAVincent, CJLL Wright, Ckatz, Cogito ergo sumo, Corticopia, Cuchullain, Cuyaya, Danoasis, David Kernow, Dbachmann, Devourer09, Dúnadan, E PluribusAnthony, Ed Poor, Flix11, Gatubelax, Giraffedata, Grsz11, Hawkfly, Hmains, Husond, Ila Falfo, JHunterJ, Jaxad0127, Jcmenal, JohnCD, Jurema Oliveira, Kevin Taylor, Koavf, Kurtle, Lalobr,LtDoc, MatthewDBA, Mausy5043, Melchoir, Meters, Mike Rosoft, Montrealais, Nat Krause, Nikai, Oapanhador, Ornitorrinco, Pcstico, PhilKnight, Philip Trueman, PhillC, Psychlopaedist,Quizimodo, R'n'B, RVJ, Raleresa, Ram4eva, Rjwilmsi, Rmhermen, Robdurbar, Rwalker, S.K., Sardanaphalus, Shadowy Crafter, Silversink, Spacepotato, Squakbox, Supaman89, Tabletop, TheBushranger, Tombombadil, Trevor MacInnis, Trimp, Ubermonkey, Wing Nut, X3210, 68 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:LocationNSAm.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationNSAm.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SpacepotatoFile:LocationNSAm2.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationNSAm2.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SpacepotatoFile:LocationNSAm3.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationNSAm3.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SpacepotatoFile:LocationNSAngloLatin.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationNSAngloLatin.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SpacepotatoFile:LocationNSAmUNGeoscheme.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationNSAmUNGeoscheme.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SpacepotatoImage:LocationWHUnitedStatesofAmerica.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationWHUnitedStatesofAmerica.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors:User:E Pluribus Anthony, User:Marvin01Image:LocationWHConfederateStatesofAmerica.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationWHConfederateStatesofAmerica.png  License: Public Domain Contributors: User:E Pluribus Anthony, User:Marvin01Image:LocationWHFederalRepublicofCentralAmerica.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationWHFederalRepublicofCentralAmerica.png  License: PublicDomain  Contributors: User:E Pluribus Anthony, User:Marvin01Image:LocationWHWestIndiesFederation.png  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LocationWHWestIndiesFederation.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:EPluribus Anthony, User:Marvin01

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