AMERICAN URBANIZATION

& NEW YORK

Sayda Vega History 141

Class # 50587

Episode 2 ORDER & DISORDER(1825-1865)

*During this period of time New York was a peaceful place.*Its total population was around 170,000 people*George Templeton Strong was one of the members who contributed on the construction of the Erie Canal.*There was no police force, firefighters of public transportation by that time.

*The city begun to grow and by 1842 New York was the heart of the new world.*James Gordon was the creator of the first newspaper in New York called The New York Herald in 1835. This and the telegraph became very helpful and used.*In 1841 the American Museum was created.

Episode 2 ORDER & DISORDER(1825-1865)

*During the years coming up New York faced a huge migration movement *By 1840 there were 50,000 Germans in the city, as well as Irish*Irish people were usually the most damaged. *Irish people were not considered to be white, which provoked a feeling of racism and discrimination towards them, they would usually accept jobs for very low wages.*Charles Loring was good man who liked to help orphan children. He wrote the book titled, Dangerous Class of New York.

*Violence started in New York as a request of more rights for people. Bloody July 6th

*Fernando Wood was an incorruptible political man (1854)

Episode 2 ORDER & DISORDER(1825-1865)

*Book titled, Leaves of Trees written by a famous poet.*Severe economic crisis in New York in the summer of August 1857.*Fernando Wood came up with the idea of building a public center park designed to interact with each other (poor and riche classes)*Calvin Box and Frederick Law were in charge of this construction *In 1863 Irish people revolted in New York.*More than 15,000 people were involved in this violent event.

*Just like Irish people, African-American faced violence, and discrimination as well.*It was normal to capture them, torture them, hang them and kill them afterwards.*5 million dollars in property damage in New York city after the revolt that lasted 3 days.*New York was going through political, racial, class and justice crisis.*The night of April 15th, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.

Episode 3 SUNSHINE &SHADOW (1865-1898)

*After the revolt, New York was destroyed, many people were living crowded in a same house.*After 4 years of Civil War, a statue of an angel in the center of the park was sent to built.*Unspeakable misery, hunger, prostitution, and poverty during the next years.*New York borders had conflicts during the 1870’s

*Then New York discovered a new way of making money with the discovery of oil.*After the discovery, New York became the greatest concentration of wealthiest people.*During 1865-1898 New York received a big amount of immigrants.*Step by step New York became the richest city in America

Episode 3 SUNSHINE &SHADOW (1865-1898)

*When industrialization arrived to New York there was a highly use of rails and steam.*Wall Street became one of the most known in the city.*The night of January 23, 1867 gave an idea to New York citizens when the East River froze. They wanted to build a big bridge to get to Brooklyn and expand.

*German architect John August was the only man able to get in charge of the construction of this bridge.*By the summer of 1869 the work had begun.*In 1871 William Tweed was involved in the biggest political scandal of New York. He was a corrupt man who stole a lot of money.*Later on, after the discovery if his corrupt movements he was sent to 12 years of prison.*William Tweed finally died in 1878 of pneumonia.

Episode 3 SUNSHINE &SHADOW (1865-1898)

*The most loved politician in history of New York was a man named Alfred L. Smith*In 1873 New York suffered of another economic crisis but by 1882 it was wealthy again.*Another important and powerful character of New York was John P. Morgan who brought order to the city.*The Brooklyn Bridge was almost done after 18 years of construction.

*When the bridge was done, they celebrated with fireworks and was an unforgettable night as well as May 31, 1883 because the bridge fell and many people died.*Many migrants continued coming to the city.*A writer named Henry George wrote his popular book titled How the Other Half Lives which changed the way people thought about the city.

“A MERGER THAT PUTSNEW YORK ON TOP”

*According to the article, “The issue in America to buy Time Warner is whether New York will dominate the new American global information economy.”*AOL Times Warner is expected to decrease New York City’s erosion.•New York has been a great city and this is thanks to its leaders ability of success and the ability of obtaining economic means with commercial developments from other places.•*Walt Disney was the first company who acquired significant properties from New York (1995).•*Ending rivalries between companies is the only way to determine who is going to be the “capitol of the next American Century” which would probably be New York.*Stephen M. Case is leader of AOL Company

IMMIGRANTS & CITIES:The City in the Land of the Dollar

*According to Witold Rybczynski an architect and social historian, cities in the U.S. are different and unique.*He made an investigation to come up with the conclusion on how the U.S. “got that way.”*The article first talks about Chicago and emphasizes that it was the fastest growing city.*The main event that force Chicago to evolution was the Great Fire of 1871 which basically destroyed everything.

*After the fire, Chicago “styled itself the city of the future” with many contributions such as: 1878 First Switchboard telephone1881 Electric Lights in a rail-road factory1893 White City of the World’s Columbian Exposition1894 Electric Street Car and Elevator

IMMIGRANTS & CITIES:The City in the Land of the Dollar

*City Beautiful was a term used for a movement to make over Chicago and other American counties to make them look like Paris.*They wanted to include Paris’s architecture, elegance.*With the arrival of elevators, Chicago’s constructions started to be even taller.*The city begun to look every time less rural and from there on; an American city was born.

*People were attracted to Chicago since it was easier to obtain a job.*Frederick Law Olmsted also contributed in Chicago by helping with the construction of a large urban park.*He liked the idea of a linear park with several ends.*The creation of this park marked a new stage of Chicago because urban congestion was reduced.

IMMIGRANTS & CITIES:The City in the Land of the Dollar

*”By the end of 19th Century most cities were in the middle of a period of growth.*Important people such as Olmsted, Burnham, McKim, Hunt and Saint-Gaudens stand out during this period of time.*McKim’s Pennsylvania Station and Grand Central Terminal were some of the American railroad stations.*They used commercial towers as symbols.*In 1896 Burnham proposed to build a tunnel under the river at Michigan Avenue.*Instead of a tunnel they decided to build a bridge.*Building codes: how high the buildings could be.*The winners of a famous international competition were John Mead Howell and Raymond Hoods with their 450-foot high Tribune Tower.