American Transcendentalism Radical Romantics. Birth of American Literature Rebuking tradition: what...
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Transcript of American Transcendentalism Radical Romantics. Birth of American Literature Rebuking tradition: what...
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American Transcendentalism
Radical Romantics
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Birth of American Literature
Rebuking tradition: what is expressed, how it is expressed
Philosophical Rebellion of Americans
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Romanticism Attitude toward nature, humanity and
society that emphasizes individualism and freedom. A celebration of individualism A reverence for nature The rebel (individual vs. society) A concern with the impact of new technology A fascination with death and the supernatural An impulse toward reform
NOT LOVE
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TranscendentalismA literary movement that suggests the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that is knowable through intuition by transcending the scientific.
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Catalysts Secularization--Science/Tech: the
activity of changing something (art or education or society or morality etc.) so it is no longer under the control or influence of religion
Industrialization: War of 1812
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Defining: Transcendentalism “Basic truths of the universe lie
beyond the knowledge we obtain from our senses, reason, logic, or laws of science. We learn these truths through our intuition, our “Divine Intellect.”
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Focus ConceptsSelf-Reliance IntuitionCarpe DiemNatureSimplicityNonconformity
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Transcendental Beliefs: Self-RelianceAutonomous: (of persons) free from
external control and constraint in e.g. action and judgment
True to own inner perception or intuition
If I “know” it is truth, then it is truth.
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Transcendental Beliefs: IntuitionNATURAL STATE OF MAN--MoralSociety pollutes man.
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Transcendental Beliefs: IntuitionThe Divine Intellect—part of God in
each man; intuition; innate understanding of what is right and good; direct line of communication between God and man
Divinity within Man
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Transcendental Beliefs: IntuitionOVERSOUL:
man, universe, and nature are intertwinedUniversal soul that permeates all beings “I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal
Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.”- Nature
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Transcendental Beliefs: Intuition
INTUITION over ReasonIndividual Intuition: highest form of
knowledge: the creative insight and interpretation of one's own inner voices
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Transcendental Concept: Carpe Diem
Latin “Seize the Day”—TODAY “Act in the Living Present”Break away from traditionThink independently
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Transcendental Beliefs Reverence of NATURE
Nature is inherently good—purest creation “The foregoing generations beheld God and Nature face to face;
we—through their eyes. Why should we not also enjoy an original relation to the universe?”- Emerson
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Simplicity
Making simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent
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Criticism of Technology
“Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. They are but improved means to an unimproved end…We are in great haste to construct a magnetic telegraph from Maine to Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate.” (19)—Thoreau
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TranscendentalismBasic belief: “By meditating, by communing with nature through art, man transcends his senses and finds beauty, goodness, and truth”
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References
http://www.jesuitcp.org/facultypages/rmcghee/American%20Literature/Transcendentalism/Transcendentalism%20notes.htm
http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/4intro.html
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/introduction.html