American Public Attitudes Toward the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict A survey sponsored by the Sadat...
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Transcript of American Public Attitudes Toward the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict A survey sponsored by the Sadat...
American Public Attitudes Toward the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
A survey sponsored by the
Sadat Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland
in cooperation with the
Program for Public Consultation
presented at
The Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution
Shibley Telhami, Principal Investigator
Steven Kull, Evan Lewis, Clay Ramsay, and Katayoun Kishi provided assistance.Peyton Craighill provided helpful comments.
Survey Methodology
• Study fielded over November 14-19, 2014
• Sample size is 1008 American adults
• Demographic breakdown of sample is compared to U.S. census data
• Online survey format
• Respondents recruited through scientific selection processes
• Margin of error is +/- 3.1% , design effect margin of error is +/- 3.4%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
4%
39%
34%
8%
14%
Q1. Please select the one you think the US should support:
Refused
Two state solution established with pre-1967 borders
One state solution with equal cit-izenship for Jews and Arabs
Annexation without equal citi-zenship for Palestinians
Maintain Israeli occupation of territories captured in 1967
Refused
A two-state solution: Israel and a Palestinian state side by side. The Palestinian state would be established on the territories that Israel has occupied since 1967.
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs 2. A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Refused
A two-state solution: Israel and a Palestinian state side by side. The Palestinian state would be established on the territories that Israel has occupied since 1967.
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs 2. A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Refused
A two-state solution: Israel and a Palestinian state side by side. The Palestinian state would be established on the territories that Israel has occupied since 1967.
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs 2. A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Republ
icanInd
epende
ntDem
ocrat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
4%
33%
27%
15%
21%
4%
32%
42%
6%
15%
5%
48%
36%
4%
7%
Q1. Please select the one you think the US should support.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
2%
66%
10%
22%
Q2. If the approach you selected turns out over time to be impossible, which of the remaining three would you prefer?
Maintain Israeli occupation of territo-ries captured in 1967
Annexation without equal citizenship for Palestinians
One state solution with equal citizenship for Jews and Arabs
Refused
Refused
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Refused
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Refused
A one-state solution: A single democratic state in which both Jews and Arabs are full and equal citizens, covering all of what is now Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
Annexation without equal citizenship: Israel would annex the Palestinian territories, but keep a majority-Jewish state in the expanded territories by restricting citizenship rights of Palestinians.
Maintain occupation of both the territories Israel has captured in 1967 and the Palestinians inhabiting them indefinitely.
Repu
blican
Indep
ende
ntDe
mocra
t
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
51%
15%
34%
3%
70%
9%
18%
2%
75%
7%
16%
Q2. If the approach you selected turns out over time to be impossible, which of the remaining three would you prefer?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
5%
24%
71%
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option?
I favor Israel’s democracy more than its Jewishness
I favor the Jewishness of Israel more than its democracy
Refused
Refused
I favor the Jewishness of Israel more than its democracy. I support the continuation of Israel’s Jewish majority even if it means that Palestinians will not have citizenship and full rights.
I favor Israel’s democracy more than its Jewishness. I support a single democratic state in which Arabs and Jews are equal.
Refused
I favor the Jewishness of Israel more than its democracy. I support the continuation of Israel’s Jewish majority even if it means that Palestinians will not have citizenship and full rights.
I favor Israel’s democracy more than its Jewishness. I support a single democratic state in which Arabs and Jews are equal.
Refused
I favor the Jewishness of Israel more than its democracy. I support the continuation of Israel’s Jewish majority even if it means that Palestinians will not have citizenship and full rights.
I favor Israel’s democracy more than its Jewishness. I support a single democratic state in which Arabs and Jews are equal.
Repu
blican
Indep
ende
ntDe
mocra
t
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
3%
37%
60%
8%
25%
68%
4%
12%
84%
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
0%
31%
4%
64%
Q4. In general, what role do you want the United States to play in mediating the conflict?
Lean toward the Pales-tinians
Lean toward neither side
Refused
Lean toward Israel
Refused
Lean toward Israel
Lean toward the Palestinians
Lean toward neither side
Lean toward Israel
Lean toward the Palestinians
Lean toward neither side
Refused
Lean toward Israel
Lean toward the Palestinians
Lean toward neither side
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
1%
51%
2%
46%
24%
3%
73%
0%
17%
6%
77%
Q4. In general, what role do you want the United States to play in mediating the conflict?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
0%
7%
36%
36%
21%
Q5. When you say you want the US to lean toward Israel, which one of the following reasons is closest to your view?
I feel it’s my religious or ethnic duty to support Israel
I feel that supporting Israel serves the interests of the U.S.
I feel Israel and the U.S. have shared values
Other
Refused
Other
I feel Israel and the US have shared values
I feel that supporting Israel serves the interests of the United States
I feel it's my religious or ethnic duty to support Israel
Refused
Other
I feel Israel and the US have shared values
I feel that supporting Israel serves the interests of the United States
I feel it's my religious or ethnic duty to support Israel
Other
I feel Israel and the US have shared values
I feel that supporting Israel serves the interests of the United States
I feel it's my religious or ethnic duty to support Israel
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
5%
30%
38%
27%
1%
16%
33%
37%
12%
9%
54%
28%
10%
Q5. When you say you want the US to lean toward Israel, which one of the following reasons is closest
to your view?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
3%
25%
27%
45%
Q16. If the Palestinians proceed with their plan, what do you think the US should do as a member of the UN Security Council?
Abstain from voting
Vote against endorsing a Pales-tinian state; use veto power to
prevent
Vote in favor of endorsing a Palestinian state
Refused
Refused
Vote in favor of endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state
Vote against endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state (including using America’s veto power to prevent such an endorsement)
Abstain from voting
Refused
Vote in favor of endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state
Vote against endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state (including using America’s veto power to prevent such an endorsement)
Abstain from voting
Refused
Vote in favor of endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state
Vote against endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state (including using America’s veto power to prevent such an endorsement)
Abstain from voting
Repu
blica
nInd
epen
dent
Demo
crat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
2%
19%
46%
33%
3%
16%
16%
65%
3%
36%
15%
46%
Q16. If the Palestinians proceed with their plan, what do you think the US should do as a member of the UN Se-
curity Council?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
2%
27%
34%
28%
11%
Q17. The Israeli government has continued to build settlements arguing that they have the right to do so, or that these are not obstacles to peace. How do you believe the US should react to
new settlements?
Impose some economic sanc-tions
Limit U.S. opposition to words, but no other action
Do nothing
Refused
Take more serious action
Refused
Do nothing
Limit US opposition to words, but take no other action
Impose some economic sanctions, either through the United Nations or unilaterally
Take more serious action
Refused
Do nothing
Limit US opposition to words, but take no other action
Impose some economic sanctions, either through the United Nations or unilaterally
Take more serious action
Refused
Do nothing
Limit US opposition to words, but take no other action
Impose some economic sanctions, either through the United Nations or unilaterally
Take more serious action
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
2%33%
33%24%
8%2%
39%28%
21%10%
1%14%
37%34%
13%
Q17. The Israeli government has continued to build settlements arguing that they have the right to do so, or that these are not obstacles to peace. How do you
believe the US should react to new settlements?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
4%
34%
63%
Q18. Do you think it is all right for Israel to build settlements in these territories, or do you think they should not?
Should not build
All right to build
Refused
Refused
All right to build
Should not build
Refused
All right to build
Should not build
Refused
All right to build
Should not build
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%
3%
46%
51%
8%
31%
62%
2%
23%
75%
Q18. Do you think it is all right for Israel to build set-tlements in these territories, or do you think they
should not?
Refused
The rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq
The instability in Libya
Iranian behavior in general
The violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Refused
The rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq
The instability in Libya
Iranian behavior in general
The violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Refused
The rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq
The instability in Libya
Iranian behavior in general
The violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
1%
71%
1%
15%
11%
3%
67%
3%
13%
14%
3%
70%
6%
9%
13%
Q20. Of the challenges facing the United States in the Middle East, which of the following do you believe
threatens American interests the most?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
1%
5%
16%
37%
41%
Q6. Thinking about U.S. interests, how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
Not among the top 5 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top 3 issues
The single most important is-sue for the U.S.
Refused
Refused
The single most important issue for the US
Among the top three issues
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
The single most important issue for the US
Among the top three issues
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Refused
The single most important issue for the US
Among the top three issues
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
1%
5%
21%
38%
35%
5%
11%
30%
54%
1%
6%
14%
40%
40%
Q6. Thinking about U.S. interests, how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
1%
9%
18%
39%
32%
Q9. When you think about your priorities for American foreign policy, how important is maintaining international law?
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top three issues
At the top of my priorities
Refused
Not among the top 5 issues
Refused
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Refused
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
2%
11%
19%
40%
29%
2%
6%
13%
33%
46%
9%
20%
42%
29%
Q9. When you think about your priorities for American foreign policy, how important is maintaining interna-
tional law?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
1%
24%
29%
30%
16%
Q9a. When you think about your priorities for American foreign policy, how important is protecting human rights?
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top three issues
At the top of my priorities
Refused
Not among the top 5 issues
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Refused
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Refused
At the top of my priorities
Among the top three issues for me
Among the top five issues
Not among the top five issues
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
22%
27%
35%
17%
1%
21%
20%
32%
26%
1%
28%
36%
24%
11%
Q9a. When you think about your priorities for Ameri-can foreign policy, how important is protecting human
rights?
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
1%
14%
24%
1%
31%
8%
21%
Q8. When it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would you say you are:
Refused
Mostly concerned about Israeli in-terests
Mostly concerned about conse-quences for American interests
Mostly concerned about the Pales-tinian interests
Mostly concerned about protect-ing human rights
Mostly concerned about maintain-ing international law
Not concerned about the conflict
I am mostly concerned about Israeli interests
I am mostly concerned about the consequences for American interests
I am mostly concerned about the Palestinian interests
I am mostly concerned about protecting human rights
I am mostly concerned about maintaining international law
I am not concerned about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
Refused
I am mostly concerned about Israeli interests
I am mostly concerned about the consequences for American interests
I am mostly concerned about the Palestinian interests
I am mostly concerned about protecting human rights
I am mostly concerned about maintaining international law
I am not concerned about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
Refused
I am mostly concerned about Israeli interests
I am mostly concerned about the consequences for American interests
I am mostly concerned about the Palestinian interests
I am mostly concerned about protecting human rights
I am mostly concerned about maintaining international law
I am not concerned about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
Repu
blica
nIn
depe
nden
tDe
moc
rat
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
26%29%
1%22%
5%17%
1%8%
22%1%
28%10%
30%1%
5%21%
2%42%
10%20%
Q8. When it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would you say
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
6%
64%
30%
Q19. Which of the following statements is closest to your view?
Palestinian-Israeli violence is likely to be used by ISIS to
draw support from Muslims
Refused
Palestinian-Israeli violence will not affect support for ISIS
or its strategies
Refused
The escalation of Palestinian-Israeli conflict, especially in Jerusalem, is likely to be used by ISIS to draw more support among Muslims worldwide and to focus more attention on confronting Israel and the US.
Palestinian-Israeli violence will not affect either the support for ISIS or its strategies. Its aims are independent of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and it’s unlikely to draw more supporters because of it.
Refused
The escalation of Palestinian-Israeli conflict, especially in Jerusalem, is likely to be used by ISIS to draw more support among Muslims worldwide and to focus more attention on confronting Israel and the US.
Palestinian-Israeli violence will not affect either the support for ISIS or its strategies. Its aims are independent of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and it’s unlikely to draw more supporters because of it.
Refused
The escalation of Palestinian-Israeli conflict, especially in Jerusalem, is likely to be used by ISIS to draw more support among Muslims worldwide and to focus more attention on confronting Israel and the US.
Palestinian-Israeli violence will not affect either the support for ISIS or its strategies. Its aims are independent of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and it’s unlikely to draw more supporters because of it.
Repub
lican
Indepe
ndent
Demo
crat
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
4%
71%
25%
7%
60%
33%
7%
60%
33%
Q19. Which one of the following statements is closest to your view?
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q4. In general, what role do you want the United States to play in mediating the conflict?
Refused
Single most or top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
33% 67%
39%
60%
81%
55%
37%
15%
6%
4%
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q4. In general, what role do you want the United Statesto play in mediating the conflict?
– DEMOCRATS ONLY –
50% 50%
57%
77%
87%
30%
20%
8%
14%
Not among the top 5 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Single most or among top 3 issues
Refused
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option?
Refused
Single most or among the top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
56% 44%
54%
75%
77%
42%
21%
19%
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option?
– DEMOCRATS ONLY –
Refused
Single most or among the top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
50% 50%
66%
89%
87%
29%
8%
9%
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option? – REPUBLICANS ONLY –
Refused
Single most or among the top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
60% 40%
42%
64%
69%
54%
35%
28%
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q16. If the Palestinians proceed with their plan, what do you think the U.S. should do as a member of the UN Security Council?
Refused
Single most or among the top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
22% 78%
32%
40%
56%
20%
29%
25%
44%
30%
16%
Thinking about U.S. interests,
how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict?
Q16. If the Palestinians proceed with their plan, what do you think the U.S. should do as a member of the UN Security Council?
– DEMOCRATS ONLY –
Refused
Single most or among the top 3 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Not among the top 5 issues
100%
33%
40%
57%
35%
39%
34%
24%
19%
7%
Would you describe
yourself as a born-again
or evangelical Christian?
Q3. Which of the following statements is closer to your view if a two-state solution is not an option?
No
Yes
18%
47%
77%
50%
Would you describe
yourself as a born-again
or evangelical Christian?
Q5. When you say you want the U.S. to lean toward Israel, which one of the following reasons is closest to your view?
Yes
No
28%
48%
32%
37%
38%
4%
3%
11%
Jewish,Jewish American,
or Israeli American
Other ethnicities 35%
40%
36%
28%
21%
24%
Q5. When you say you want the U.S. to lean toward Israel, which one of the following reasons is closest to your view?
When you think about priorities of U.S. foreign policy, how important is protecting
human rights?
Q6. Thinking about US interests, how important an issue is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
Not among the top 5 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top 3 issues
At the top of my priorities
7%
12%
23%
17%
18%
41%
41%
40%
71%
45%
33%
26%15%
When you think about priorities of U.S. foreign policy, how important is protecting
human rights?
Q17. The Israeli government has continued to build settlements arguing that they have the right to do so, or that these are not obstacles to peace. How do
you believe the US should react to new settlements?
Not among the top 5 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top 3 issues
At the top of my priorities
51%
28%
20%
18%
27%
34%
39%
29%
12%
27%
30%
37%
9%
10%
10%
14%
When you think about priorities of U.S. foreign policy, how important is protecting
human rights?
Q16. If the Palestinians proceed with their plan, what do you think the US should do as a member of the UN Security Council?
Not among the top 5 issues
Among the top 5 issues
Among the top 3 issues
At the top of my priorities
13%
22%
28%
35%
19%
28%
34%
23%
64%
49%
35%
40%