AMERICAN LIFE IN THE 17TH-18TH CENTURIES

THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

DO NOW

• After you are seated, please take out your notebook and attempt to define the following term from last night’s reading:• Triangular Trade • The Middle Passage

• Once you’ve completed the Do Now, please raise your hand and I will come and collect it.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

• How did Salutary Neglect and the Navigation Acts lead to colonial independence ?

• How did the French and Indian War lead to stricter colonial policies?

CHRONOLOGY OF EARLY YEARS

• 1607: Jamestown founded

• 1609: Hudson explores North America for Holland

• 1610: Santa Fe founded

• 1619: First Africans brought to VA

• 1620: Plymouth founded

• 1626: Dutch buy Manhattan Island

• 1630: Massachusettes Bay founded

• 1636: Williams founds Rhode Island & Harvard College was founded

• 1662: Halfway Covenant

• 1675-6: Bacon’s Rebellion • 1675-77: Metacomet’s(King Philip’s) War

COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT

• 13 colonies established over 125 years

• VA was the first with the creation of Jamestown in 1607

• Georgia was the last with the creation of Savannah in 1733

• Colonial economies grow 2x as fast as Great Britain’s

AN OVERVIEW OF AMERICAN COLONIAL SOCIETY

• Mercantilism is an economic policy based on a state monopoly over trade and an attempt to transfer wealth from colonies to the parent country.

• Features: Regulate trade/ Protective Tariff/ Vice Admiralty Courts

• Slaves/Indentured Servants• Intolerable Acts were enacted by Parliament in 1774.

NORTHERN COLONIES

1. Society was dominated by relatively small family farms and cities of growing size

2. Cities were very diverse• Composed of greater #s of religious refugees from

England• Composed of a larger # of immigrants from various

European nations

3. Vigorous Commercial Economy developed• Northern economies composed of the following: Maritime

Economy/Factory & Industrial Economy / Trade Economy

SOUTHERN COLONIES

• Culture dominated by white, Anglican families

• Many family farms, but there were also large plantations cultivating: tobacco/rice/indigo/cotton

• Land was plentiful and cheap in the South

• Labor was scarce• Early settlers relied heavily on indentured servants • Over time Slaves replace indentured servants

ANY SIMILARITES??

• North needed Southern products, and the South needed Northern industries (ships for trading especially)

• Both regions were in debt:• North held onto paper money• South had bank notes and bonds

NORTHERN HAPPENINGS: THE SALEM WITCH TRIAL

NORTHERN HAPPENINGS: INFLUENTIAL IDEAS IN THE COLONIES

• The Enlightenment • Ideas of science and

nature begin to explain how the world works rather than religious doctrine• Influenced by figures

such as: Copernicus, Issac Newton, Galileo

• Benjamin Franklin- sought to explain the truth through experiments and reasoning• i.e. flying a kite in a

thunderstorm

• The Great Awakening

• By early 1700s Puritan church membership was in decline

• Traveling preachers brings many into Christian churches during the 1730s-40s

• The GA brings many colonists, as well as Native Americans and African Americans into organized Christian Churches for the first time.

1650-1750:AN AGE OF SALUTARY NEGLECT

1. Mercantilism2. Navigation Acts3. Triangular Trade

and Slave Trade• The Middle Passage

4. Iron Act5. Hat Act6. Wool(ens) Act7. The Staple Act8. Board of Trade

NAVIGATION ACTS

• 1651: Cromwell’s Commonwealth Parliament passed the first Navigation Act which established England’s right to all of it’s colonies trade

i. All goods were to be carried on English or colonial ships

ii. Ships must be manned by crews that were ¾ English or colonial

iii.Colonies can only export certain goods to Europe

iv.Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe must go through an English port.

• Little enforcement to support this at first

• British designed these Acts to control colonists trade with France• Ex.: British did NOT want colonists trading

iron with the French

Enumerated List• Tobacco• Sugar• Indigo • Molasses• Dyewoods (used to

dye fabric)• Cotton• Furs• Pitch • Tar • Masts • Resin

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS

A. Colonies expected to remain under political control of England

B. Colonial assemblies control day to day operations of the colony • Pay royal governors salary • Elected by landowning colonies

C. RESULTS:• Seeds of self government • Organized Resistance to British control

BRITISH POLICIES CONTINUED

EUROPEAN CLAIMS IN NORTH AMERICA(PRE-1763)

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR: 1754- 1763

• French and VA Militia clashed over who had rights to the Ohio River Valley (fertile area)

• Beaver and fur trade with the Indians was a huge economic incentive also

• British colonists wanted to move west and control these fertile lands

• Most Native American tribes (Algonquin, Huron Ottawa) tribes joined the French…why?!

• Iroquois joined the British after William Pitt starts winning battles ** Only war which began in North America and spread globally!!!! **• IMMEDIATE RESULTS:

• Proclamation of 1763 • Britain adds an additional 10,000 troops in N. America which angers colonists• British-American colonial relations worsen over time due to British taxes

INTRO TO THE DUAL CIVILIZATION THESIS:

NORTH SOUTH