American Imperialism Isolationism to Empire. Closing the American Frontier.
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Transcript of American Imperialism Isolationism to Empire. Closing the American Frontier.
American ImperialismIsolationism to Empire
Closing the American Frontier
Economic Interests
Military/Strategic Interests
White Man’s Burden
Humanitarian Efforts
China, 1905
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen businessmen backed anbacked anuprising uprising against Queen against Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.
Cuba
“Reconcentration” Camps General “Butcher”
Weyler relocated 300,000 Cubans to reconcentrados
Reconcentrados
““Yellow Journalism” & JingoismYellow Journalism” & Jingoism Sensational coverage Encouraged Jingoism:
feeling of intense national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy
“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
The Great White Fleet Alfred T. Mahan,
1890, importance of sea power in history = Am. Naval build up = show of U.S. power
The U.S.S. Maine
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
The de Lome LetterDescribed President Described President
McKinley as "weak" McKinley as "weak" and a "petty and a "petty politician."politician."
Called by Hearst: "WORST INSULT TO THE UNITED STATES IN ITS HISTORY."
Battle of San Juan Hill
Theodore Roosevelt Gains Fame T.R. led unit of calvary
known as the Rough Riders received credit for the battle of San Juan Hill (1898) Gained tremendous
popularity and began to create image as an American hero
To take or to not take the Philippines?
Anti-Imperialists Acquire territory w/no path to statehood
Unconstitutional Govern w/o consent against Dec. of Ind. Pressing social reforms at home Commitment of maintaining an empire
Outcome of the Spanish American War (1898)
Treaty of Paris Obtained the Philippines (20 million), Guam, and
Puerto Rico Cuba became a U.S. protectorate
Teller Amendment: U.S. promises not to take over Cuba
Platt Amendment: Cuba could not make treaties, go into debt, and the U.S. could intervene
Cares of a Growing Family
Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary:
Asserted America’s right to intervene in order to protect economic interests
America would act as a international police force
Not to be left out… U. S. issues the
Open Door Policy (1899) America asserts
right to free trade America use force if necessary
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Eight nation coalition defeated Boxers
First multinational force
Precedent of intervention to protect American civilians
The Panama Canal Roosevelt: “I took the
Canal Zone, and let Congress debate, and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.”
Completion of the Canal Represented
American technological capability
Symbolized arrogant American imperialism
American Foreign Investments, 1914
Dollar Diplomacy Taft used financial
power to exert influence over Latin American countries Ex. Nicaragua
intervention
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.
Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.
Create Create stability/promote stability/promote America’s America’s commercial interests.commercial interests.
Nicaragua Intervention, 1911 President Diaz was an
officer of U.S.-owned Nicaraguan mining company
U.S. bankers loaned 15 million/controlled Nicaraguan National Bank
Revolt ensued against Diaz
Taft sent in 2,500 Marines to protect American interests
Remained there until 1933
The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.
Moral/Missionary Diplomacy Wilson would not
recognize any country that was… Undemocratic Oppressive Hostile to U.S. interests
Intervention in Mexico, 1914 Wilson refused to
recognize Mexican gov’t
“I will not recognize a government of butchers…I am going to teach the South American republics to elect good men.”
Pancho Villa
Pattern of Intervention Based on humanitarian grounds, to enforce order,
forestall foreign intervention, and protect U.S. economic interests, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Central America some 20 times over the next 30 yrs.
U.S. Interventions 1890s-U.S. Interventions 1890s-1920s1920s
U.S. Interventions 1890s-U.S. Interventions 1890s-1920s1920s
America’s New Role
Changing World Role U.S. now had global
commitments and could no longer remain completely isolationist
“One of the Boys”