American History

Unit 31:

American History

Unit 31:

American Foreign Policy: 1988-PresentAmerican Foreign Policy: 1988-Present

The Presidency of George H. BushThe Presidency of George H. BushI. Presidency of George H. Bush

A. Election of 1988.

1. George H. Bush (Rep.) vs. Michael Dukakis (Dem.)

a. George H. Bush won.

George H. Bush

1988-1992

The U.S. Invasion of Panama (1989)The U.S. Invasion of Panama (1989)

I. Invasion of Panama in 1989.

A. The President of Panama, Manual Noriega, was arrested by U.S.

forces and charged with drug distribution.

1. Sent to U.S. to face charges.

b. Found guilty and sentenced to prison.

U.S. soldiers forced Manual Noriega to surrender by

blasting loud rock-n-roll and rap music during the siege of his

palace.

U.S. Invasion of Panama: MapU.S. Invasion of Panama: Map

Collapse of CommunismCollapse of Communism

I. The collapse of the Soviet Union occurred during the Bush Administration.

A. The Cold War is considered over... U.S. won economically not militarily.

II. Famous events during the collapse of Communism.

A. The Berlin Wall was dismantled.

B. West Germany and East Germany were reunited into one country.

C. Eastern European countries were allowed to have free elections.

D. Romanian Revolution took place and its Communist leader, Ion

Ceausescu was overthrown and executed.

Romanian Dictator,

Ceausescu

The Berlin Wall being dismantled by

enthusiastic Germans.

East and West Germany are

unified after 45 years of

separation.

Map of the Middle EastMap of the Middle East

Operation “Desert Storm”Operation “Desert Storm”

I. Gulf War of 1990-1991 “Operation Desert Storm”

A. August of 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait.

1. Kuwait was a close ally of the U.S. and supplied much of the

United States oil consumption.

2. The U.S. organized an U.N. coalition of forces against Iraq.

a. The U.S. and her allies liberated Kuwait after a very one-sided victory.

b. However Saddam Hussein was left in power.

c. The reputation of U.S. military prowess gradually recovered from the

Vietnam debacle after an impressive show of force during “Operation

Desert Storm.”

Operation Desert Storm: MapOperation Desert Storm: Map

Collapse of CommunismCollapse of Communism

E. Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as leader of the Soviet Union after a failed

coup by fundamental Communist officers.

1. Boris Yeltsin assumed leadership of Russia.

2. U.S. and western European nations began shipments of food and money to

the recently formed Commonwealth of Independent States.

3. The sudden disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United

States unchallenged as a global superpower.

Mikhail Gorbachev Boris Yeltsin

Breakup of the Soviet Union: MapBreakup of the Soviet Union: Map

Rodney King IncidentRodney King Incident

I. Rodney King Incident and the Los Angeles Riots.

A. An African-American motorist was stopped by LA police officers.

1. A witness videotaped the incident and the tape was widely shown on

national television.

2. The police officers were acquitted for the incident.

a. Several nights of looting, burning, and violence erupted in Los Angeles

after the acquittal verdict

Presidency of William J. ClintonPresidency of William J. Clinton

I. Election of 1992.

A. George H. Bush (Rep.) vs. William Clinton (Dem.) vs. Ross Perot (Ind.)

1. William Clinton won.

George H. Bush

(Republican)

Incumbent President

William J. Clinton

(Democrat)

Ross Perot

(Independent)

The Clinton AgendaThe Clinton Agenda

Somalian DisasterSomalian DisasterI. Events under the Administration of President William Clinton.

A. Somalian food aid.

1. U.S. led operation to deliver food to famine-stricken Somalia.

a. U.S. and U.N. forces battle Somali Warlord followers.

1a. U.S. public begins to oppose relieve operation after several U.S.

servicemen were killed. (Oct. 1993)

Somalian

Warlord

Mohamed Farah

Aidid

The Somalian military disaster was the

basis of the film, “Black Hawk Down.”

N.A.F.T.A. & National Health CareN.A.F.T.A. & National Health CareI. N.A.F.T.A. (North American Free Trade Alliance)

A. Proposed economic deal lifting trade restrictions between U.S.,

Canada, and Mexico. (1993)

B. Critics later charged that NAFTA "sold out" many American

workers to domestic and foreign business interests.

II. National Health Care BillA. Proposed plan to guarantee health care to all U.S. citizens.

1. Would be paid for by an increase in taxes.

2. The health care system proposal failed, but the economy soared

along with Clinton’s popularity.

N.A.F.T.A.N.A.F.T.A.

National Crime Bill and Welfare ReformNational Crime Bill and Welfare Reform

VII. National Crime BillA. Ban on assault weapons and increased stricter penalties for criminals.

1. Bill passed by Congress and signed into law in (1996).

VIII. Welfare ReformA. Moved millions of Americans from public assistance into the workforce.

1. Bill passed by Congress and signed into law in (1996).

Oklahoma BombingOklahoma Bombing

I. In 1995, the Oklahoma City Federal Building was bombed.

A. An American militant extremist named Timothy McVeigh was arrested

and convicted.

1. McVeigh was later executed.

O.J. Simpson TrialO.J. Simpson Trial

I. O.J. Simpson Murder Trial.A. Former Buffalo Bills football star was arrested for the murder of his wife,

Nicole Simpson Brown and Ronald Goldman.

B. After a lengthy trial, O.J. Simpson was acquitted.

1. Many still believe he was guilty.

C. O.J. was later found guilty of neglect in a separate trial and ordered to pay

millions of dollars to the Goldman family.

"That trail of blood from Bundy through his own

Ford Bronco and into his house on Rockingham is

devastating proof of his guilt."

Marcia Clark, Los Angeles County prosecutor

Misconduct in the Oval OfficeMisconduct in the Oval Office

I. In (1998) the Justice Department and Congress began to investigate allegations

of sexual misconduct by President Clinton.

A. Paula Jones and Monica Lewinsky (plaintiffs)

1. Special prosecutor Kenneth Starr.

2. After repeated public denials, Clinton finally admitted to a sexual relationship

with a White House intern and apologized to the nation.

3. Polls showed that most Americans overwhelmingly distained Clinton's private

indiscretions, but approved of the job he was doing as president.

4. Republicans in Congress pressed forward with impeachment proceedings,

seeking to remove Clinton for Perjury and obstruction of justice.

5. In 1999 the Senate acquitted Clinton of all charges.

Genocide in YugoslaviaGenocide in Yugoslavia

I. 1999, the United States led NATO forces in an air war against Yugoslavia to

end a bloody civil war and ethnic murders between the Serbs and the

Croatians.

The Presidency of George W. BushThe Presidency of George W. BushI. Election of 2000

A. George W. Bush (Rep.) vs. Al Gore (Dem.)

1. The son of former President George H. W. Bush (1998-2002)

2. The outcome was one of the most bizarre presidential elections in

American history.

a. Disputed votes from Florida caught in a legal challenge.

1a. Neither candidate had an electoral majority.

b. Five weeks later the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that Bush won Florida

and the presidency.

c. Democrats charged that five conservative justices robbed Gore and denied

the will of the people.

1c. Gore received a half million more votes.

George W. Bush

Terrorists Attacks: MapTerrorists Attacks: Map

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

I. Sept. 11, 2001A. Terrorists hijacked four commercial airlines.

1. Two hijacked planes crashed and destroyed the World Trade Centerin New York City.

2. One plane severely damaged the Pentagon.

3. A fourth plane crash-landed into rural Pennsylvania.

4. Approximately 3,000 people were killed in the attacks.

B. The attacks on 9-11 shattered Americans' sense of security.

1. An angry nation braced for more attacks and sought payback.

a. President George W. Bush vowed to punish those responsible

and declared war on terrorism.

b. Evidence pointed to a terrorist organization called Al-Qaeda,

headed by an elusive Saudi exile named Osama bin Laden.

c. President Bush’s approval ratings soared to over 90 percent.

Sept. 11, 2001 MapSept. 11, 2001 Map

September 11, 2001 (Photo Collage)September 11, 2001 (Photo Collage)

The U.S. Attacks AfghanistanThe U.S. Attacks Afghanistan

I. The United States attacked Afghanistan.

A. Primary host to Al-Qaeda.

1. Quickly destroying the ruling Taliban.

a. A brutal regime of Muslim extremists.

The Second Iraqi War (2003)The Second Iraqi War (2003)I. The United States invaded Iraq. (Gulf War part II)

A. President Bush claimed that Iraq was in possession of “Weapons of

Mass Destruction,” and a threat to international security.

B. March 19, 2003 the attack on Iraq began.

1. The U.S. unsuccessfully tried to win United Nations support for the attack

on Iraq

a. Great Britain, Italy and Spain joined the "Coalition."

b. Canadian, French and German opposition embittered many Americans.

The Second Iraqi War (2003) Cont’.The Second Iraqi War (2003) Cont’.

C. On May 1, 2003, the Iraq war officially ended in less than six weeks.

1. The Saddam regime was destroyed with minimal U.S. casualties.

a. Saddam survived the massive attacks only to be found nine months

later hiding in a hole. (He was later hanged)

2.The occupation and reconstruction of Iraq began.

a. U.S. forces were harassed by partisan guerillas.

1a. Postwar U.S. deaths in Iraq outnumbered those sustained during the brief

war.

2a. Critics wondered if President Bush had led America into another

“Vietnam."

Terrorism ChartTerrorism Chart

Terms to KnowTerms to KnowGeorge H. Bush

Michael Dukakis

Invasion of Panama

Manual Noriega

Operation Desert Storm

Iraq

Kuwait

Saddam Hussein

Ion Ceausescu and the Romanian Revolution

Mikhail Gorbachev

Boris Yelsin

Commonwealth of Independent States

Rodney King Incident

Los Angeles Riots

William Clinton

Ross Perot

Somalia and the Somalian Disaster

N.A.F.T.A.

National Health Care Bill

National Crime Bill

Welfare Reform

Oklahoma Bombing

Timothy McVeigh

O.J. Simpson Murder Trial

Paula Jones and Monica Lewinsky

Kenneth Starr

Perjury

Yugoslavia

George W. Bush

Al Gore

Florida Recount

Sept. 11, 2001

World Trade Center

Pentagon

Al-Qaeda

Osama Bin Laden

Afghanistan Invasion

Taliban

Second Gulf War

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Coalition

Concepts to KnowConcepts to Know�Why did the United States invade Panama in 1989?

�Describe the events of the First Gulf War 1990-1991.

�Describe the events during the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.

�Explain the Rodney King Incident.

�Describe the Election of 1992.

�Describe the Clinton Agenda.

�Explain the military disaster in Somalia.

�What is N.A.F.T.A.? Why do some people like it and others do not?

�Describe the National Health Care Bill, National Crime Bill, and Welfare Reform.

�Describe the Oklahoma City Bombing incident.

�Describe the O.J. Simpson Trial.

�Explain why President Clinton faced impeachment charges?

�Why did the United States get militarily involved in Yugoslavia?

�Describe why the Election of 2000 was interesting.

�Describe the events of Sept. 11, 2001.

�Why did the United States invade Afghanistan in 2001?

�Describe the events of the Second Gulf War.