American Expansion: The fulfillment of “manifest destiny” From “city upon a hill” to...
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American Expansion: The fulfillment of “manifest destiny”
From “city upon a hill” to transcontinental nation
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1. The Original United States• 1776-Declaration of
Independence• 1783-Treaty of Paris-
Great Britain grants American independence and brings an end to the American Revolution
• With this treaty, the British officially ceded the land west to the Mississippi River
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• Territory west of the original 13 colonies was settled by pioneers
• Next this land became territories through Congressional land ordinances and cessions by the original states
• The land was really won through wars with American Indians
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2. Louisiana Purchase• 1803-President Thomas
Jefferson purchased land from France’s Napoleon for $15 million
• The US really just wanted to control the port of New Orleans for trade
• Napoleon had gained the land from Spain but due to events in Europe, France did not want to maintain the territory
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3. British Cession• After the War of 1812, tension still
remained between the US & Great Britain
• President Monroe encouraged treaties to ease the tension
• In the Convention of 1818, the US/Canada border was established by the 49th parallel from Minnesota to the Rocky Mountains only
• Great Britain agreed to occupy the Oregon Country with the US for only the next 10 years
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4. Spanish Cession• In 1812, the US incorporated West Florida,
saying it was a part of the Louisiana Purchase
• General Andrew Jackson pursued Seminole Indians into East Florida, claiming they were harboring slaves and attacking American settlements
• In 1819, the Spanish sold East Florida to the US for $5 million & the US agreed to give up claims on Texas in the Adams-Onis Treaty
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5. Texas Annexation• By 1830, so many Americans had
settled in Texas that they outnumbered Tejanos
• In 1835, settlers & Tejanos rebelled against measures by Mexico to control Texas
• From 1836 to 1845, Texas was an independent Republic
• In 1845, President Polk pushed the issue to war by claiming the Rio Grande River as the Mexico/Texas border in order to annex Texas
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6. Oregon Country
• In 1846, the US & Britain extended the border at the 49th parallel all the way to Puget Sound & the Pacific Ocean
• Oregon which had already been explored by Lewis & Clark & settled by American frontiersmen became American
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7. Mexican Cession
• The Mexican War started by the US annexation of Texas led to full-fledged war which included the declaration of a Republic of California
• The Mexican War was settled by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 in which Mexico gave up Texas, California, Nevada, Utah and parts of AZ, CO & NM & the US paid $15 million
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8. Gadsden Purchase
• In 1835, a US diplomat negotiated a deal with Mexico to purchase this strip of land for $10 million
•The US claimed that this land would provide a route for a transcontinental railroad across the country’s southern border