American Demography & Immigration

Nascent ImmigrationThe Slave Trade

South Southwest

Old ImmigrationNew ImmigrationNewest ImmigrationCurrent Immigration

Some Basic ConceptsWhat is the nature of inter-group

relations in multiethnic societies?How are the various ethnic groups

ranked and what are consequences of that ranking system?

How does the dominant group maintain its place and how do subordinate groups attempt to change that?

What are the long-range outcomes of ethnic inter-relations?

4 Key Questions

Some Basic Concepts

Unique cultural Traits

Sense of Community

EthnocentrismAscribed

MembershipTerritoriality

Ethnic Groups

Some Basic Concepts

As a Biological Notion As a Social ConstructIn the Ideology of Racism

Race

Ethnic Stratification

Minority GroupsDifferential TreatmentSocial DefinitionDifferential PowerCategorical NatureSociological and Numerical

Meanings

Dominant GroupsDominant Groups

Political, Economic, and Cultural Political, Economic, and Cultural DominanceDominance

Middleman MinoritiesMiddleman Minorities

Ethnic Stratification

ConquestAnnexationVoluntary

ImmigrationInvoluntary

Immigration

Forms of Contact

Prejudice and Discrimination

Prejudice Stereotypes Social Distance

Discrimination Individual Institutional Structural

Assimilation and Pluralism

Manner of EntranceTime of EntranceDemographic

FactorsCultural SimilarityVisibility

Factors Affecting Assimilation

Assimilation and Pluralism

Cultural AssimilationStructural AssimilationBiological AssimilationPsychological

Assimilation

Assimilation

Assimilation and Pluralism

Equalitarian Pluralism American Case Non-American Cases

Inequalitarian Pluralism Competitive Race Relations Internal Colonialism Annihilation or Expulsion

Types of Pluralism

Colonial Societies

Corporate Pluralistic

SocietiesAssimilationist

Societies

Typology of Multiethnic Societies

See Figure 4.1 and Table 4.2

Historical ContextManner of Entry and Racial StatusDevelopmentMexican-Americans

conquest/annexation voluntary immigration-economic push-pull

Puerto Ricans voluntary immigration- - economic push-pull and relative political ease

Cubans involuntary immigration-early political push voluntary immigration-economic push-pull

Demographics TodayPopulation-young, rapidly growing,

continuing migration and high birth rateGeographyMexican-Americans-Southwest and

dispersedPuerto Ricans-New York +Cubans-Miami, Florida +Others-the same major metropolitan

areas

Socioeconomic StatusIncome and WealthOccupationEducationSpecial Cuban Case-

institutional completeness

Outlook

Political PowerMexican-Americans

increasingly influential

Puerto Ricans limited extent

Cubans dominant force

Outlook

Demography TodayPopulation-13% of AmericaDiversity-involuntary and voluntary

immigrantsGeographical Patterns-urbanEconomic Status Occupation-5.2 unemployment vs 10.8 Education-89 vs 80 and 30 vs 17Class or Race?Societal Power Political Power-mixed and very local Economic Power-less than political

Prejudice and DiscriminationFormation of Ghettos-own preference or

discrimination?Residential Segregation-dominative vs aversive?Changes in Racial Attitudes-surveysStereotypes and Social Distance-racial liberalismAttitudes and Actions-ambivalence in actionContrasting Views of Socioeconomic Gap-own shortcomings or

discrimination? of Problems and Solutions-mopping up or deeply

rooted?

Assimilation or Pluralism

Assimilation Cultural-reciprocal Structural-secondary only Assimilation Model-very slow, unstable family? Assimilation and VisibilityInequalitarian Pluralistic Model -internal colonial model

Immigration and SettlementFirst WaveChineseJapaneseSecond WaveKoreansFilipinosVietnameseAsian IndiansOthersDemographics Today

In the Class SystemSocioeconomic StatusIncomeOccupationEducationEthnic and Class Factors in Upward MobilityPolitical Power

Prejudice and DiscriminationThe ‘Yellow Peril’Japanese InternmentIn the Modern Eravs other MinoritiesAs Model Minority

Historical Contextas immigrantsas a conquered indigenous populationdisplacement and depopulationAmerican policy:

economic-land cultural-assimilation political-control

Indian policy: tribal survival (maintenance of relations and distinct cultural orders) political autonomy

Native American DemographicsPopulation Growth Reservation Indians Urban Indians

Socioeconomic Status Economic Education Health

Canada vs US

The Evolution of the English-French Schism

The English ConquestConfederationThe New French-Canadian

NationalismThe Quiet RevolutionThe Rise of Parti QuebecoisSovereignty-AssociationLanguageFrench-Canadian Ethnic Identity

Canada’s Third Force

Visible Minorities

Aboriginal Peoples…and

Stability and Change

Melting Pot vs MosaicCanadian PluralismMulticulturalismLooking Beyond

Shifting Patterns of ImmigrationUneven DevelopmentPolitical ConflictChanges in Western Europe

The Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism

Civic vs Ethnic NationalismBreakup of Yugoslovia Corporate Pluralism under Tito Dissolution of Yugoslav Federation Contemporary Conflict Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia The End of Ethnic Harmony Kosovo and the Expansion of the Yugoslav

ConflictExploitation of Ethnicity

The Endurance of Ethnic Conflict Stimulants of Ethnic Conflict

Inequalities in Power and Wealth Cultural Differences Physical Distinctions Status Inequality

Containment of Ethnic Conflict