America in the 1920s… Part II. Corporate Revolution Mergers –By 1929 ½ of national wealth...
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Transcript of America in the 1920s… Part II. Corporate Revolution Mergers –By 1929 ½ of national wealth...
![Page 1: America in the 1920s… Part II. Corporate Revolution Mergers –By 1929 ½ of national wealth absorbed by top 200 corporations. –Chain stores became common.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062618/551432be5503466d1a8b50ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
America in the 1920s…
Part II
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Corporate Revolution
• Mergers– By 1929 ½ of national wealth absorbed by top
200 corporations.– Chain stores became common
• Sears and Roebuck
• Managerial Revolution– Corporate leadership began to be controlled by
college-trained rather than “build the company from the ground” type (Henry Fords)
– Business schools open– Businesses add more layers of management.
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College Dream
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White Collar Workers
• 1920 – 1930 WCJ rose 38.1%– 10.5-14.5 million 1900 and 18% white
collar– 444% by 1930
• Huge increase of consumer products create a need for advertising and sales people
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Women in the Work Force• Typewriter, invented by Remington Co. in 1874,
significant• All typists were middle-class, high school educated
and female– Needed to be a good speller and knowledge of
grammar.– Lower class men and women lacked these skills.– Upper class men could get better paying jobs
• Also teachers, shot clerks, cashiers, and switchboard operators
• 57% of female work force comprised of black and foreign-born women, mostly in domestic service jobs.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
• Most famous architect in US history
• Building grown from sites– Not imitate Greek and Roman models– Guggenheim Museum in NYC most
famous.
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Sports
• Became house-hold names due to “image making”
• Babe Ruth – Fans bought tickets in such numbers that
Yankee Stadium became known as “the house that Ruth built”
• Jack Dempsey– Heavyweight champion knocked out French
lightweight George Carpentier
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Frederick W. Taylor
• Started movement to develop more efficient working methods increasing productivity which eventually led to increased wages, which led to increase profits.
• The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).
• Auto industry.– Detroit emerged as the automobile capital of the
world.
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Automobile Impact• Replaced the steel industry as the king
industry in America.• Employed about 6 million people by 1930• Supported industries• Petroleum industry exploded• Nation’s standard of living improved• Speedy marketing of perishable foodstuff
were accelerated• Highways emerged• Leisure time spent traveling
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Airplane• Dec. 17, 1903 Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)
– Flew a gasoline-powered plane 12 seconds and 120 feet at Kitty Hawk, N.C.
– Launched air age
• Airplane used with some success in WWI– After war Passenger lines with airmail contracts
• Charles Lindberg– 1st solo flight across the Atlantic.– Spirit of St. Louis flew from NY to Paris in 39 hours and
39 minutes– Became an American icon and hero
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Lindberg
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Lindberg Kidnapper Found Guilty
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Impact
• Civilization became closely linked
• Railroads received yet another setback as airplanes stole passengers and mail services.
• Devastating effects during WWII.
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Radio• Guglielmo Marconi
– Italian, invented wireless telegraphy of the 1890s
• National Broadcasting Co. organized in 1926• Columbia Broadcasting Co. in 1927
– FIRST national radio networks– Amos n’ Andy
• Impacts– New industry, nation tied together, families brought
closer together, stimulated sports and advertising.
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Movies• 1st real moving picture in 1903
– The Great Train Robbery• Hollywood becomes movie capital of the world• Stars
– Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino• 1927 first “talkie”
– The Jazz Singer• 1930s some colored films being produced• Eclipsed all other new forms of amusement• Actors and actresses
– Huge salaries
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Working Conditions
• Reduction in hours– 1923 US Steel offered its working three
eight-hour shifts instead of a 12-hour shift.
• Welfare Capitalism– American Plan of Business– If workers were taken care of, no unions
or strikes would be needed.
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Gangsters and Art
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Jazz
• After WWI (Dance music)• African influenced slave spirituals grew
into jubilees and the blues• A.A. fold music retained a certain melodic,
harmonic, and rhythmic element that formed a common body of sound.
• Ragtime works became published in late 1890s considered to be the earliest jazz
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Duke and the Piano
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• Louis Armstrong: become first master improviser – some see this as the creation of jazz
• New Orleans exports Jazz
• Chicago, center of Jazz, after people move from New Orleans– The center for Swing in 1930s
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Harlem Renaissance
• Harlem– Black enclave in NYC–With about 100,000 residents in the
1920s that will grow rapidly after WWI.
• Harlem produced a wealth of the AA poetry, literature, art and music, expressing the pain, sorrow, and discrimination blacks felt at this time.
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• Poets: Langston Hughes and Claude McKay
• Jazz: Duke Ellington (1899-1974) and Cotton Club (famous night club)– Piano player who formed one of most
famous Jazz bands in history.
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Marcus Garvey
• UNIA: United Negro Improvement Association
• “Back to Africa Movement”
• Advocated black racial pride and separatism rather than integration.
• Native of Jamaica