Ameren Illinois Energy Efficiency Cannabis Workshop Joe … · Annual HVAC kWh Annual Operating...
Transcript of Ameren Illinois Energy Efficiency Cannabis Workshop Joe … · Annual HVAC kWh Annual Operating...
Ameren Illinois Energy Efficiency
Cannabis Workshop
Joe Sullivan, Cultivate Energy
April 29, 2020
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Ameren Illinois Energy Efficiency Programs: COVID-19
• Financial assistance for Ameren Illinois customers
• Service disconnections suspended and forgiveness of late fees for non-payment until further notice
• Customers needing assistance with paying their bill should contact the customer care team
at AmerenIllinois.com for payment options
• Resources for small business support
• Resources on appropriate PPE
• Links to information to support your business
• Links to webinars with information on COVID-19
AmerenIllinoisSavings.com/COVID-19
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Cultivate Energy Optimization
• Cannabis energy program design and
implementation
• 5 programs in serving utilities & government in
CA, CO, and Canada
• 75+ cannabis participants
• Market engagement, rebate administration,
trade-ally management, energy savings, and
load-shifting/shedding
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• Lighting Power Density (LPD)
• Photosynthetic Photon Efficacy
Illinois Cannabis Technology Standards
Lighting
• High Efficiency Equipment
HVAC
• Automated watering systems
• > 20% runoff
• Reuse of HVAC and
dehumidification condensate
Water
Energy Use & Efficiency
Reporting
Please take out your phones and go to
PollEv.com/joes351
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Resources Production
Indoor Plant Production
(Dr. Toyoki Kozai)
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Indoor Plant Production
Productivity =Outputs
Inputs=
Plant Responses
Resource Utilization=
Revenue
Expenses
= Profitability
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• Energy can be an asset and not
cost
• Utilize energy management to
increase profits
• Best time to optimize energy use is
before plants are growing!
Changing Market Conditions
(CO Dept. of Revenue)
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Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD): The
amount of light that reaches the plant. It’s a
measurement of the amount of PAR that is delivered
in μmol/m2/s.
Daily lighting integral (DLI): The total amount of
light that is delivered to the canopy each day during
the photoperiod. Measured in mol/m2/d, this is the
amount of light (photons) that reach the canopy while
lights are on each day.
Lighting
Lumens are for Humans, PAR is for Plants
Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR):
The portion of the light spectrum used by plants -
between 400 & 700 nanometers. This is different
from the visible spectrum humans see.
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Lighting Efficiency
Illinois Efficiency & Technology Standards
• Lighting Power Density (LPD):
Cultivation space will not exceed an
average of 36 watts per gross square
foot of active and growing space canopy
or
• Fixture Efficacy: All installed lighting
technology shall meet a photosynthetic
photon efficacy (PPE) of no less than 2.2
micromoles per joule.
PPE (Photosynthetic Photon Efficacy)
• PPE (Photosynthetic Photon
Efficacy): is the PAR photon output of
a light source (measured in micromoles
per second or µmol/s) divided by the
input power (Watt) to produce that light.
• Measurement of how efficient a fixture is
at turning electricity into usable light by a
plant (μmol/J). To calculate this simply
divide PPF by the total input power of
the light fixture (lamp + ballast) - PPF/
input fixture wattage.
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Light Intensity & Spectrum
Recommended PPFD (μmol/m2/s) for Cannabis
Clone Vegetative Flower
100-300 300-600 600-1,200
LED HPS
MH T5
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Light Fixture Comparison
Fixture Type
Vegetative
T5HO 54W 8
Lamp
Vegetative
1000W Metal
Halide
Flower
1000W HPS-DE
Flower
600W LED
Total Electrical
Input (watts or J/s) 432 1060 1060 565
Fixture Efficiency
- PPE (μmol/J)0.89 0.8 – 1.2 1.7 – 2.1 2.3 - 3.5
Light Delivered to
Plant - PPFD
(μmol/m2/s)
240 484 780 835
DLI (mol/m2/d) 15.55 31.6 33.7 36.07
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Horticulture Lighting Design
Key Considerations
• Average Intensity (PPFD) & uniformity throughout
entire canopy
• Spectrum (Spectral Irradiance / Wavelength/(m²nm)
• Total Input Power (W)
• Mount Height from Canopy (ft)
• Canopy Area (ft2)
• Cost-of-ownership of luminaire system meeting the
target PPFD.
– Initial Material & Install Cost ($)
– Annual Operating Cost ($)
– Rated Life
– Maintenance Cost ($)
– Incentives ($)
Inverse Square Law
• Doubling the distance between the light
and the canopy, will require four times as
much light to get the same PPFD
• Reducing the distance between the light
and the canopy by half, only requires
one quarter as much light to get the
same PPFD
“Light is brighter when it’s closer”
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Case Study: Lighting
Fixture Type QTYTotal Input
W
Canopy
Area
Mount Height
From
Canopy
Fixture
PPEPPFD
LPD
(W/ft2)
Annual
Energy Use
(kWh)
Annual
Energy Cost
($)
Project Cost
($)
1000W HPS
630W LED35
110107,800 3,000 ft2 3 ft 1.7 872 35.9 472,164 $29,274 $130,620
630W LED 145 91,350 3,000 ft2 1 ft 3in 2.7 835 30.5 400,113 $24,807 $158,340
$(18,901)
$(14,344)
$(9,788)
$(5,231)
$(675)
$3,882
$8,438
$12,995
$17,551
$22,108
$(30,000)
$(20,000)
$(10,000)
$-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Cash Flow Over 10 Years
• Ameren Incentive = $8,819
• Payback w/o incentive = 6.1 years
• Payback w/ incentive = 4.1 years
• Annual Energy Savings = 73,492 kWh
• Annual Cost Savings = $4,556.51
• Incremental Cost = $27,720
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Case Study: Lighting & HVAC Interactions
Unit Type Light TypeTotal
Lighting kWAnnual HVAC
kWhAnnual Operating Cost
(4) 10-ton RTU HPS 211 265,570 $18,596
(4) 10-ton RTU LED 84.5 147,135 $10,299
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Daily HVAC Load Profile
HVAC HPS HVAC LED
• 2 IDENTICAL vegetative rooms
• 24hr photoperiod
WHY?
HVAC SYSTEM IS OVER SIZED!
• 60% reduction in lighting load
• Only 45% reduction in HVAC load
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Everything is Connected
Source: Argus Control Systems
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Indoor Plant Production Cooling Loads
Sensible Heat
• Sensible heat is a change in the
temperature in the air.
• The temperature on your thermostat
or heat you can sense.
Latent Heat
• Latent heat is the heat the
results from an increase or
decrease in the amount of
moisture held by the air.
• The amount of energy needed to
cause a phase change (for our
purposes, liquid-to-gas or gas-
to-liquid) without changing the
actual temperature of a
substance.
• Humidity itself isn't latent heat,
but humidity contains latent
heat.
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Indoor Plant Production Cooling Loads
Sensible Heat Latent Heat
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Evapotranspiration
• Latent load is directly related
to irrigation rates and plant
evapotranspiration
• Over 95% of water delivered
to the plants roots is released
back into the air
• Transpiration happens
thorough the stomata on the
leaf surface
• Liquid water turns into a gas
(water vapor)
• Exchange of gas is driven by
temperature of leaves and
internal vapor pressure
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HVAC Efficiency
IL Efficiency & Technology Standards
• >6,000 sf canopy all HVAC will be
high-efficiency ductless split, or other
more efficient equipment
• <6,000 sf canopy all HVAC will be
variable refrigerant flow (VRF), or
other more efficient equipment
Cooling Efficiency Metrics
• Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER):
Cooling efficiency of the entire A/C
system. It’s the ratio of net cooling
capacity (heat removed in Btu/h) to the
total input rate of electric energy
required (watt) (Btu/W/hr)
• Coefficient of Performance (COP):
Used to evaluate efficiency of heating or
cooling systems. It’s the ratio of the rate
of heat removal to the rate of energy
input to the systems compressor
• Cooling Load (kW/ton): Measured as
the efficiency of the systems
compressor. It’s the ratio of input energy
(kW) to the rate of heat removal (ton). SENSIBLE ONLY!
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Dehumidification Efficiency
Efficiency Metrics
• Moisture Removal Capacity (MRC): The
amount of moisture removed expressed in
lbs. of moisture/h or pints /day
• Moisture Removal Efficiency (MRE): Ratio
of moisture removal capacity to the kW at
any given set of standard rating conditions
expressed in lbs of moisture/kWh or
liters/kWh
• Moisture Removal Capacity (MRC) varies
based on equipment type and room
conditions (temp/RH)
• Manufactures report and test equipment
MRC at 80F/60% RH rated conditions
LATENT ONLY!
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HVACD Comparison
A/C &
Portable DeHu Units
• A/C system to handle sensible
cooling and remove small
portion of moisture (~15%)
• Portable dehumidifier sized to
remove moisture
• Dehumidifiers add heat to the
space
• A/C system to handle sensible
cooling and moisture
• Reheat system dehumidifies
through heat exchanger
• Portable dehumidifier may still
be required
• Integrated system designed to
provide sensible cooling and
moisture removal
• Modulates temp and humidity
based on sensible to latent ratios
• Can remove heat and/or add
heat for dehumidification
instantly
A/C w/ Enhanced DeHu &
Portable Units
Integrated
HVACD
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Case Study: HVACD
2,600 ft2 RoomA/C &
Portable DeHu Units
A/C w/ Enhanced
DeHu & Portable
Units
Integrated
HVACD
AC Energy Use (kWh) 67 53 24.5
Dehumidifier Energy Use
(kWh)48 22 24.5
Reheat (kWh) 0 28 16
Annual Energy Use (kWh) 299,000 267,800 169,000
Annual Operating Cost ($) $20,930 $18,746 $11,830
Annual Energy Savings
(kWh)31,200 130,000
Annual Cost Savings ($) $2,184 $9,100
EST. Ameren Illinois
Incentive$3,744 $15,600
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Case Study: HVACD Sizing
Air
TempRH VPD
Sensible
MBHUnit Clg.
Load
lb/hr
Unit
Capacity
lb/hr
Total Tons
75 55% 1.33 184 268 132 170 35
72 50% 1.34 185 198 129 132 40
70 45% 1.38 186 297 127 124 60
Air
TempRH VPD
Std. A/C
Sensible
MBH
Std. A/C
Sensible
MBH/ton
Std.
Tons
Required
Latent
Unit lb/hr
per ton
Latent
Tons
Required
Total Tons
Required
75 55% 1.33 184 8 23 4.1 26.4 49.4
72 50% 1.34 185 7 26.4 2.8 41.3 67.7
70 45% 1.38 186 6 31 1.8 72.3 103.3
• 1,800 ft2 Flower Room
• 1,348 ft2 canopy
• Plants = 900
• Lighting Watts = 72,000
• Watering Rate = 400 GPD
Integrated HVACD
A/C & Portable DeHu Units
13 X
Integrated HVACD =
30 – 42% Reduction
in Tonnage!
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Dehumidification Energy Recovery
Hot Gas Reheat
• Reduces A/C size
• 20 - 30% HVACD Savings
Heat Exchanger
• Avoid delivering very cold air to
plants
• “Free dehumidification reheat”
• Wrap around heat pipe / plate
heat exchanger Simultaneously
pre-cools and reheats
(MSP Technology)
(Desert Aire)
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Case Study: Air Flow
Fan Upgrade
• Vertical “destratification” fan for
uniform temp/humidity
• 60% reduction in total # of fans
Replacing (50) 550W HAF fans w/
(20) 200W vertical fans.
Source: Vostermans Ventilation
Total upgrade cost = $16,000
200,000kWh & 23kW saved!
Annual cost savings = $14,000
Payback = 1.2 yr(Vostermans Ventilation)
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Energy Use Tracking & Reporting
Cultivation Type
Electricity
Productivity
(grams/kWh)
Electricity
Intensity
(kWh/ft2/yr)
Production
Intensity
(grams/ft2)
Electricity Cost
($/gram)
Indoor 0.8 260 - 500 175 0.24
Greenhouse 1.1 100 - 300 48 0.21
Outdoor 14.4 0 - 10 29 0.01
• Track your metrics!
• Can’t manage what you can’t measure
Productivity =Outputs
Inputs=
Revenue
Expenses
= Profitability
• Electricity productivity best represents how
efficiently a cultivator is using electricity to product
cannabis
(New Frontier Data)
(Dr. Nadia Sabeh)
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• Lighting PPFD & Spectrum
• Cooling Evt’l Setpoint Control
Productivity = Profitability
• Dehumidification Evapotranspiration
• Airflow Evt’l Uniformity
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Ameren Illinois Energy Efficiency Program
» Objective: Strategically allocate cash/technical
resources, reward real efficiency
» Underlying Concept – Everybody Wins
• Offset increase in energy demand due to growth
• Cost ratepayers less than new generation
(NRDC,+$7 Billion net savings)
» Funded by, and for, customers, since 2008
• EDR/GDR Rider on your bill
• Common pool of funds reallocated
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Program Resources
Local Energy Advisors
• Free site walk-
throughs/consultations
• Consult on projects/application
process
AmerenIllinoisSavings.com
Program Industrial Energy Manager
• Joe Birschbach
• 636 215 5096
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Ameren Illinois Incentives
» Program Cash Available For your Facility!
» Application Process, three types
• Standard
• Custom
• Study (to originate custom applications)
• Typically paid upon project completion, based on kwh/therm saved
» Pre-Approvals (before PO cut)
• No – if <$10,000 incentive
• Yes – if >$10,000 incentive, or any Custom/Study applications
• …also, LIRF – if >$50,000 incentive
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Ameren Illinois Incentives
• Incentives/Applications for Cultivation Facilities
Standard
Unitary/Split HVAC, Furnace/Boilers, HVAC/Irrigation VFD’s, Standard Lighting (Non-
Grow), incentives vary based on size/number
Custom (Cultivation Facilities – anything non-standard or new construction)
Non-standard projects w/annual energy savings, 6 mo. – 10 year simple payback,
max. 80% project cost
$0.12/kwh saved, no max., 1-2 weeks pre/post metering typical
Feasibility Study (to support Custom project development)
Up to 75% third party costs ($20,000 max.) for technical analysis/modeling,
performance component
Metering & Monitoring Study (to support Custom project development)
Up to $30,000 for equipment/install costs, performance component
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Questions?
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Thank You!
Joe Sullivan
1.720.822.3719
Joe Birschbach
1.636.215.5096