Amatuer Radio

8/13/2019 Amatuer Radio

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AmitySat and Amateur Radio

Ved Prakash SandlasDirector General

Amity Institute of Space Science & Technology, Noida

Principal Adviser, Cogent EMR Solutions Ltd, New Delhi (2006-2008)

Distinguished Scientist and Chief Controller R & D, DRDO (1996-2005)

Director, Defence Electronics Applications Lab (DEAL), Dehradun (1986-1996)

Group Director, Electronics, VSSC, Thiruvanathapuram (1984-1986)Project/Mission Director, SLV-3, ISRO (1980-1984)

AISST, Noida, Jan 18, 2010


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AmitySat

Education, experimentation, teaching & training

Free access to students and learners - Universities,

Schools & Volunteers

Amateur Radio Operations & Networking

Global and 24 hr Tracking

Ground Control Station at Amity

New Technology Options


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Miniature Satellites

International Space Station (ISS)245, 735 kg

Space Shuttle Payload Capacity24, 400 kg

Ariane 5 Payload capacity16, 000 kg

PSLV1200 kg in PSS, GSLV2000 kg in GEO

Large Satellite < 1000 kg

Small Satellite 500-1000 kg

Mini-Satellite 100-500 kg

Micro-Satellite 10-100 kg

Nano-Satellite 1-10 kg

Pico-Satellite < 1 kg


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History of Communications

Not very oldWell preserved

18371

st

Telegraph1.5 kmLondon1844Samuel MorseCode

18511stsubmarine cableEngland to France

1876Alexander Graham BellTelephone10th

MarchTURN OF THE CENTURYAMATEUR RADIO

1901JC BoseMarconiUK/Canada1stTransatlantic message

1906First voice over radio broadcast (May 18)

1925Transatlantic Radio telephone

19361stTV in UK/Germany

Revolution every Quarter CenturyWW II


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History of Communications

1945Arthur C ClarkeWireless WorldOct, 1945

1957Sputnik Launch 1958Explorer I

1960Echo SatelliteOSCAR I

1962TELSTARTransatlantic TV

1965INTELSAT (Early Bird)OSCAR 3

APPLE & SITE1975SATCOM AGE

SLV-31980 INSAT I1983

1st Privatethen Post Office (Govt.)Public Companies

Mid 60s sceneSatcom age1st Publicthen Private

OPTICAL FIBRECELL PHONEINTERNET

GLOBAL VILLAGEUNIVERSAL DESKTOP


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AMATEUR or HAM RADIO

Recognised word over as a Scientific Hobby

Contributing Considerably to the progress of Communication

Technology and Communication Systems

Radio Amateurs (also known as Amateur Radio Operators, just

Amateurs, Hams or Ham Radio Operators) are licensed by Govt

to own, operate and maintain radio transmitters and related

equipment to communicate with their counter parts any where in

the word

ITU has allocated a number of radio frequency bands for their

exclusive use in the short-waves (15 %), VHF, UHF and higherfrequency spectrum, all the way up to MM waves and beyond

Realising the importance, WARC had been allocating additional

frequency bands for Amateur Services


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Commercial or ProfessionalCommunication Organisations

Aim at Reliable and Pleasing Communications using:

High Power, Good S/N, Redundant Channels, etc.

Radio Amateurs

Work with Limited Power

Aim at Achieving or Improving Communications in the presence of:

Interference and unpredictable natural and man-made Noise

Obligatory to maintain Written Logs with:

Quantitative assessment of performance (RST reports)

Weather conditions, Characteristics of Antenna, Tx and RX

Data and Experience exploited for Emergency Communications


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HISTORY OF AMATEUR RADIO

Marconis Wireless Experiments Enthusiasm to Communicate

grew around Spark Transmitters and Crystal Receivers

1910Hundreds of Amateursfew Govt. and Commercial Stations

Need for Regulations, Laws, Licenses, Frequency Allocations, etc.

Wave lengths lower than 200 meters (Frequency > 1.5 MHz)?Relay stations for long distance communicationsOrganised

System of Relays and also the Art of Communications

1914American Radio Relay League (ARRL) launched

Soon became synonymous with Radio Comm. and Short Waves

1917Skilled Radio Amateurs enlisted for World War-1ban

End of Phase-1Survival of Amateur Radio?Potential!


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HISTORY OF AMATEUR RADIO

October 1, 1919War time ban lifted

Sudden rush of Amateur Radio activities

Era of Vacuum Tubes, Short Waves and Super Hetrodynes

19241stInternational Radio Conference

Dozens of Governments and commercial companies fighting forslots around 200 meters and above

Radio Amateurs had already experimented below 200 meters

Reserved for themselves not only 160 m, but all sub-multiples: 80 m, 40 m, 20 m, 10 m and even 5 m (bands)


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HISTORY OF AMATEUR RADIO IN INDIA

1stHam1921Amarendra Chandra Gupta (VU2JK)

Radio broadcasting began on July 23, 1927, when the IndianBroadcasting Company, IBC, inaugurated 7BY in Bombay

1939Ham Radio suspended and equipment sealedWW II

1948, May 151st

Radio ClubSchool of Signals, Mhow (VU2SS)Maj BM Chakravarthy (VU2 BU)

1954, May 15Amateur Radio Society of India (ARSI) - New Delhi

HOME BREWING TO GO ON THE AIR

1963-80ISRO depended a lot on Ham radio

1982-83VU2RG pushed Import Duty Exemption for Hams

Antarctica Operations1983 (VU2IF)1994 (AT3D)


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1966 Vidyasagar Hall, IIT Kharagpur

On-line Voltage Doubler 500 V

EL34+1625x2 PA with Screen Modulation

BC 348 Rx

Lamp-cord Antenna feed


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ORBITING SATELLITE CARRYING AMATEUR RADIO

(OSCAR)

1957Sputnik Launch 1958 Explorer I

OSCAR-1Dec 12, 1961

Thor-Agena B 10 lb 146x258 NM 100 mW, 145 MHz, HI beacon

OSCAR-3Mar 9, 1965VHF Transponder

Thor-Agena D 35 lb 564x585 NM 50 kHz BW 144.1 MHz up-link 25

mW 145.89 down-link

Worlds 1stfree access communication relay transponder

NASA honoured traditional pioneers by launching ahead ofEarly Bird (INTELSAT-1)Apr 6, 1965

OSCAR-5Jan 23, 1970With Telecommand

Thor-Delta N 910 km polar sun-synchronous orbit 29.45 Mhz 250 mW HF

beacon 1stnon-US (Australian)


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ORBITING SATELLITE CARRYING AMATEUR RADIO

(OSCAR)

OSCAR-6Oct 15, 1972CODE-STORE

40 lb100 kHz 1 W Transponder29.5 MHz DL 145.95 UL

Joint Project of USA, Australia & West Germany

OSCAR-7Nov 15, 1974Mode A (2 W) and B (8 W)

1stDual Satellite relay with OSCAR-6(Mid 1981-Jun21 2002 G3IOR On Solar Power)

OSCAR-9Oct 6, 19811stUoSAT

Synthesised speech TM, 6 Beacons, CCD camera for SSTV

OSCAR-10Jun 16, 1983Ariane L6 launch

Phase III1000x36000 km15 hr access in N Hemisphere

Mode B 150 kHz, Mode L 800 kHz50 W PEP PA


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OSCAR 40AO 40Phase 3 D

Nov 16, 2000Ariane 51000x58000 km

Largest, most complex and most powerful

Dec 2000 incident left a damaged satellite

UplinksV, U and L1 & L2

DownlinksS1 & S2 and K (24.048 GHz)

RUDAK (Regenerating Transponder for Digital Amateur

Communications)2 programmable computers with error

control and modemsCEDEX, GPS, MONITOR and SCOPEStore and Forward capability

Contest to celebrate 3rdBirthdaySep 16-Nov 17, 2003


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RS (Radio Satellite) Series

Dec 2, 1981RS-3,4,5,6,7 & 8 simultaneous launch

RS-5 & 7Robot equippedAutomatic Routing,

Reply & Logging of QSOs

RS-20Nov 28, 2002Experimental payload onRussian Mozhayets Satellite

Significant use of HF with beacons

Large scale use in schools


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Mini Sat Institutions

AMSATRadio Amateur Satellite Corporation - 1961

OSCAROrbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio

AMSAT-INDIA

CubeSatInternational Collaboration Project of Universities

SSTLSurrey Satellite Technology Ltd.

Space Centre, University of Surrey

Space Flight Laboratory, University of Toronto

Institute of Aerospace Studies

Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX)


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SNAP

Surrey Nanosatellite Application Platform

First launch 2000

SNAP-1

Cosmos

6 to 12 kg total mass up to 4 kg payload

GPS Orbit Determination

Onboard Computing

Communication System Option

3-axis Attitude Control

Micro Propulsion System

Constellation and Swarm Missions


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Rear (L-R): David Brown, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, Ilan Ramon

Front (L-R): Rick Husband, Kalpana Chawla, William McCool

STS-107 Columbia Jan 16 Feb 1, 2003


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Back (LR): Curbeam, Patrick, Sunita Williams, FuglesangFront (LR): Oefelein, Higginbotham, Polansky

STS-116 Discovery Dec 9-22, 2006


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ISROAMATEUR RADIO LINKAGES

Thumba-GSFC, USA radio link1963-70

Through Ed Bissell (W3MSK)

Thumba-Kanya Kumari radio linkMar 1968

Barium Cloud Experiments of PRL

Thumba-Tokyo radio linkApr 1968

X-Ray Astronomy Experiments

Thumba-SHAR back-up radio netJun-Jul 1980

SLV-3 Mission (Jul 18, 1980)

Thumba-DFVLR, Munic radio link1981-86

Through Garry Mayer (GF0VR)


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HAMSAT VU Sat


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HAMSATVU Sat

OSCAR 52VO-52

PSLV-C6 May 05, 2005

PSLV C9 Mi iApr 28 2008 09:24 823 kg


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PSLV-C9 Mission

690 kg 83 kg

Apr 28, 2008 09:24823 kg

637 km Polar Sun Synchronous

Canadian Advanced

Nanospace eXperiment

HAM Satellite

HAM Transponder

HAM downlink

HAM downlink

HAM downlink

Nanosatellite LaunchSystemCAN-X4 & 5.Formation flights

Relay navigational datafrom ORBCOM fleet.Se aration?

Indian Mini Satellite.

Mini & MEMS Sensors.

Multispectral &

Hyperspectral Cameras.

50 kg

ANUSAT


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ANUSAT

PSLV-C12 Apr 20, 2009

Size: 600 mm 600 mm 600 mm

Mass: 40 Kg

Solar Array: Ga As Cells40 Watts

Battery: Li Ion10 Ah

Uplink: 435 MHz

Downlink: 145.8 MHz

Spin Rate: 8 RPM

Attitude Control: Magnetic Torquer

Payload: Store and Forward Data


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Jan 26, 1997 Republic Day at Antarctica

SSTV link through INMARSAT and HF Radio

AMATEUR RADIO TECHNOLOGIES


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AMATEUR RADIO TECHNOLOGIES

Speech processing and Artificial Speech

Voice Operated Controls

Advanced Error Correcting Codes and Protocols

Spread Spectrum and Bandwidth Compression

Coherent CW and Noise Modulation

Variable IF Bandwidth and Pass-band Tuning

Variable Pulse-width Noise Blanker

PLLs and Frequency Synthesisers

Introduced in mass-produced Ham equipment (1980s)


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EXTRACTSHAM RADIO

Address at the Inauguration of General Assembly of

International Union of Radio Science (URSI)

Sirifort Auditorium, 23 October 2005

Electromagnetic Spectrum: A Friend of the Humanity

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, President of India

It is important to mention and acknowledge the contributions made by

the Amateur radio operators called HAMs, who started using radio

communication techniques, particularly the short waves, for longdistance communications through the ionosphere during the first decade

of the 20thcentury.


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EXTRACTSHAM RADIO (Contd. 2)

The experience of HAMs has been used for remote area, disaster

management and emergency communications world over during the lasthundred years.

NASA, ISRO and other space agencies have honoured the HAMs by

launching exclusive satellites for them so that they can continue to

contribute in the latest trends of satellite communication.

During the recent Tsunami, it was a coincidence that a Government of

India approved amateur radio expedition was in Andaman and was

operational during the disaster and provided vital communications to the

main land and Indonesia, for getting latest updates on the movement ofTsunami waves and rescue operations. The contributions made by Indian

HAMs in this Tsunami have been acknowledged at national and

international level.


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Amateur radio and remote area communications are synonymous with

emergency communications. It is advisable to promote this hobby, to setup amateur radio stations in Panchayat offices, schools and hospitals by

voluntary agencies who will be able to locate and get operated by the

HAMs, throughout the day and night, on all days. Each Panchayat must

encourage this hobby and can make it as a part of the village knowledge

centre. This will act as an early warning system for the village

community in case of an unforeseen eventuality.

Commercial radio communication systems operates with high power,

frequency diversity and with large antenna to improve the reliability of

communications. HAMs work with limited power, under man made and

natural radio interference and work in difficult circumstances.


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There is a lot of scope to improve narrowband communication

techniques, multi hop HF communications to remote areas such asAntarctica and Arctic to improve the quality of HAM communications.

The members of the radio science community can definitely assist the

HAM operators through research in establishing low cost narrow band

communication techniques.There are possibilities of co-relation between the seismic activities and

electro-magnetic activity in particular regions. There is a need to have a

comprehensive study on the subject. This study should also be linked

with the study of other geophysical parameters relevant to an

earthquake. This will be a great contribution of the radio science

community to the mankind towards disaster mitigation.


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Thank You

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