amalanaathipiraan

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Amalanaathipiraan : Introduction 1

Paasurams and Commentary 7

Taniyan 1 & 2 9 - 10

Paasuram 1 11

Paasuram 2 15

Paasuram 3 18

Paasuram 4 21

Paasuram 5 24

Paasuram 6 27

Paasuram 7 30

Paasuram 8 33

Paasuram 9 36

Paasuram 10 39

Appendix - Sri.K.Sridharan's Tamil Commentaries 43

MunivAhana BhOgam : Introduction 93- 95

Paasuram 1 97

Paasuram 1 99

Paasuram 3 101

Nigamanam 107

C O N T E N T S

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ThiruppANAzhwAr


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. ïI>.

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IIINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

ThiruppaaN Azhwaar is the ninth among the 12 Azhwaars. He has ten paasurams among the divine collect Four Thousand revered as "Amalanaadhipiraan" Prabhandham. His Bhagavad anubhavam moved many of the Vaishnava Acharyas.

This Azhwaar's prabhandham is different from all the other aazhwaar's prabhandhams in that it does not contain any upadesams, critique of Veda-Baahya Mathams, messages sent to the Lord as His Naayaki et al. Thiruppaanar's prabhandham is an aanandha-lahari (limitless outpourings of the bliss of aanandham) at the anubhavam of the Lord's Sarvaanga Soundharyam and its redeeming effect. Azhwaar is totally lost in that blissful anubhavam and the ten paasurams arose from him as "the revelational hymns"

Swami Desikan was so overwhelmed by the profound Bhagavad Anubhavam of the Azhwar that he declared the ten verse compendium to be the essence of countless Vedic texts. He went on to compose a sthothram in Sanskrit known as “Sri Bhagavad Dhyana Sobhaanam" eulogizing Lord Ranganatha in the manner in which ThiruppANar enjoyed the Lord inside the garbha gruham at Srirangam.

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Swami Sri Vedanta Desikan described ThiruppANAzhwAr's prabhandham as “sukavi sookti” and was so moved by it that he wrote a 60 plus palm-leaves long commentary on these uniquely beautiful 10 paasurams that celebrate the Sarvanga Soundharyam and the anantha kalyANa guNams of NamperumAL.

HISTORY HISTORY HISTORY

ThiruppaaNAzhwAr by tradition is considered to be Ayonija or one, who is not born of mortal human beings. He is also considered as an Amsa (Sri Vatsa mark, the Mole on the chest) of Sriman Narayana. He was brought up however as a foster-child by a childless couple of the Paanar caste (wandering minstrel caste like that of Neelakanta Yazhpaanar, who accompanied Thiru Jn~Aana Sambhandar).

ThiruppaaNaar was a resident of one of the 108 divya desams known as Kozhi or Nisulapuri, which is on the banks of Cauveri River, very close to Sri Rangam. Because of His caste, he felt unqualified to enter into Srirangam to have the darsanam of Sri Ranganathan that he longed for. Hence, He used to come to the banks of Cauvery and close his eyes and sing with deep anubhavam about the kalyana gunams of the Lord every morning.

A great scholar by the name of Loka Saaranga Muni was the temple servant at that time at Srirangam and was assigned the duties of bringing Thirumanjanam water (holy water for the bath of the iconic form of Lord Ranganaathan) every morning. During the collection of the water from cauvery, Loka Saaranga Muni will have a cloth over his mouth and will not speak to anyone until he brought the Cauvery waters to the Lord's sannidhi.. He was called a Muni by the residents of Sri Rangam because of his piety and scholarship. He devoted every moment of his life to the service of the Lord at Sri Rangam.

On one particular day, when Muni came to fetch water for Ranganaathan's Thirumanjanam, Thiruppaanar was singing on the banks of Cauvery as usual totally unaware of the fact that the place he was singing from was very close


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to the site, where Loka Saaranga Muni fetched water for the Lord. Since Muni could not speak, he threw a small stone at the Azhwaar signaling him to move away.

That stone hit Thiruppaanar's forehead and blood began to ooze out of the wound. Recognizing his mistake, Thiruppaanar moved away to permit the uninterrupted access to the river by Muni to collect thirumanjanam water for the Lord.

Muni collected the water, reached the temple and the sacred bath was conducted for the Lord. That night, Muni had a dream in which Lord Ranganaatha ordered him (Muni) to carry His dear Bhakthan on his (Muni’s) shoulders to His sannidhi. Next morning, Muni rushed to the site, where Thiruppaanar was engaged in singing with his lute and begged him to ride on his shoulders as commanded by Lord Ranganaathan.

Although Thiruppaanar was uncomfortable, he obeyed the Lord's command and rode on the shoulders of Muni with closed eyes until he reached the Lord's sannidhi. The Azhwar was thus transported to the sanctum and earned the title as Munivahana.

When he opened his eyes at the Sannidhi to see the Lord's auspicious and majestic Thirumeni, he (Thiruppaanar) was overwhelmed by that blissful experience. He began to salute the beauty of the Lord from Thiruppadhams (Sacred Feet) to His crown in ten most moving paasurams.

At the end of his salutations through the ten paasurams of Amalanaadhipiraan, he (Thiruppaanar) declared that his eyes will not care to see anything else anymore and he merged right away in the divine jyothi of Periya Perumaal at His aasthaanam.

SRI VAISHNAVITE ACHARYA’SRI VAISHNAVITE ACHARYA’SRI VAISHNAVITE ACHARYA’SSS TRIBUTES TO THIRUPPAANAAZHWAR TRIBUTES TO THIRUPPAANAAZHWAR TRIBUTES TO THIRUPPAANAAZHWAR

Mahapurna or Periya Nambi composed the Taniyan (invocatory Verse) in

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Sanskrit in Praise of this work of the Azhwar, which begins with the words:

AapadcUfmnuÉUy hir< zyan<

mXye kvreÊihtumuRidtaNtraTma,

AÔò&ta< nynyaeivR;yaNtra[a<

yae iniíkay mnvE muinvahn< tm!.

ô©ß§ ã¥ªÈéë ¸ìÓªÛ³ëß¨ªÛ

ª§Ü§Ü½ë¡½®ì Ç¸ÓÇìÙÊ§Ô§ß Û̈§ìß§Üªß

ó§Üì Ý́¥ÛÌ§ßªÛ ¨ë¨½ëßìÙ ®Ó´ëß Û̈§ìßæªÛ

½ëß¨Ô³Ü£Ô¡ßë ª¨¾® Ê¨Ô®ß¸¨ Û̈§ªÛ.

ApAdacUDamanubhUya hariM shayAnaM

madhye kavareduhiturmuditAntarAtmA |

adraSTRRitAM nayanayorviSayAntarANAM

yo nishchikAya manavai munivAhanaM tam ||

Dr. V. K. S. N. Raghavan’s translation of this Taniyan is as follows:

“Let me contemplate on TiruppaanaAzhwar (Munivahana, the saint who was carried to the precincts of the shrine of Lord Ranganatha, by Lokasarangamamuni on his shoulders), whose inner soul (antaratma) became enraptured at the sight of the reclining Lord Hari (Ranganatha) betwixt (the two streams of) the river Kaveri, and who, having experienced (the vision of the Lord) from the feet to His head declared that his eyes would not see any other objects (except the Lord).


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The second Taniyan in Tamil is said to be composed by Thirumalai Nambi or Srisaila Purna, who summarized the Azhwaar’s composition in a quintessential manner.

¡ß¥Û¥½® ¡¦Þ¥ ©ß§ ¡ªªÛ ¨Üß¾¥ ÷ Û̈§Ô,

½§¥Û¥ÌªÛ ÷§ì © Û̈§ªÛ §ÔÌªßìÙÉ ¡¦Þ¥ªÛ ¼£®Ü®ßëÛ,

®ß¥Û¥ªÓÜ ¡¦Þ¡°Ü ½ª²Ó Ê²Ó½ë±Ó§Ü §²ÓÉÁ¨ÛÇ,

©ß¥Û¥ÕèÜ ¡¦ÞÅ ®ßÏªÛ ©ß¦ìÙ§ß°Ü ©ì®Ó½è½ª.

kAttavE kaNda pAdha kamalam nallAdai undhi,

thEttarum udhara bandham thirumArbu kaNdam sevvAy,

vAttamil kaNkaL mEni muniyERith thanipugunthu,

pAttinAl kaNdu vAzhum pANarthAL paravinOmE.

The translation given by Sri Raghavan for this verse is as follows:

“Let us sing in praise of the holy feet of Sri ThiruppaanaAzhwar, who entered (the holy shrine of Lord Ranganatha) riding on the shoulders of the sage (Lokasaranga-Mahamuni) saw(the Lord in full) and sung (in praise) HIM limb by limb, as the Lord showed to him, i. e., the lotus feet, the silk garment, the navel, the waist band of rare excellence, the holy chest, the neck, the red mouth (with rosy lips), the eyes of unfading (red lotus charm) and the (whole divine) Archa form.”

Sri Vedantha Desikan was so moved by the ten verses of Amalanaadhipiraan that he paid multiple tributes to the Azhwar and called him as "PaaN PerumAL". He (Swamy Desikan) wrote a beautiful commentary for the Prabhandham of ThiruppANar. It is pertinent to observe that this is the only prabhandham among the assembly of 24 dhivya Prabhandhams that Swamy Desikan has chosen to comment upon in extensive detail (muni Vaahana

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BhOgam). The other commentaries relating to the Dhivya Prabhandhams by Swamy Desikan such as Madhura Kavi Hrudhayam, Nigama ParimaLam are no longer available to us.

Let us fall at the feet of PANar who experienced the beauty of the lotus feet, dress, navel, the chest, neck, red lips, eyes, ThirumEni on seeing the Lord and expressed his joy about seeing them through his Prabhandham.

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Amalan - AthipirAn


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TTTANIYANANIYANANIYAN 1 1 1

AapadcUfmnuÉUy hir< zyan<

mXye kvreÊihtumuRidtaNtraTma,

AÔò&ta< nynyaeivR;yaNtra[a<

yae iniíkay mnvE muinvahn< tm!.

ô©ß§ ã¥ªÈéë ¸ìÓªÛ³ëß¨ªÛ

ª§Ü§Ü½ë¡½®ì Ç¸ÓÇìÙÊ§Ô§ß¨Û§ìß§Üªß

ó§Üì Ý́¥ÛÌ§ßªÛ ¨ë¨½ëßìÙ ®Ó´ëß Û̈§ìßæªÛ

½ëß¨Ô³Ü£Ô¡ßë ª¨¾® Ê¨Ô®ß¸¨ Û̈§ªÛ.

ApAdacUDamanubhUya hariM shayAnaM

madhye kavareduhiturmuditAntarAtmA |

adraSTRRitAM nayanayorviSayAntarANAM

yo nishchikAya manavai munivAhanaM tam ||

This Taniyan is about the enjoyment of Lord RanganAtha from Lotus feet to Crown (AapaadhachUdam) by the AzhwAr.

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TTTANIYANANIYANANIYAN 2 2 2

¡ß¥Û¥½® ¡¦Þ¥ ©ß§ ¡ªªÛ ¨Üß¾¥ ÷ Û̈§Ô,

½§¥Û¥ÌªÛ ÷§ì © Û̈§ªÛ §ÔÌªßìÙÉ ¡¦Þ¥ªÛ ¼£®Ü®ßëÛ,

®ß¥Û¥ªÓÜ ¡¦Þ¡°Ü ½ª²Ó Ê²Ó½ë±Ó§Ü §²ÓÉÁ¨ÛÇ,

©ß¥Û¥ÕèÜ ¡¦ÞÅ ®ßÏªÛ ©ß¦ìÙ§ß°Ü ©ì®Ó½è½ª.

kAttavE kaNda pAdha kamalam nallAdai undhi,

thEttarum udhara bandham thirumArbu kaNdam sevvAy,

vAttamil kaNkaL mEni muniyERith thanipugunthu,

pAttinAl kaNdu vAzhum pANarthAL paravinOmE.

In this Taniyan, the limb by limb MangaLAsAsanam of the AzhwAr of Lord RanganAtha through His Prabhandham is saluted.


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PPPAASURAMAASURAMAASURAM 1 1 1

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®Óª²Ý, *®Ó¦Þ¦®ìÙ ½¡ß²Ý *®Ó¾ìëßìÙ ¼©ß¯ÓÜ ½®¢Ü¡¥®²Ý,*

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¡ª ©ß§ªÛ ® Û̈Ç* ù²Ý¡¦Þ¦ÓÒ°Ü°² ü¡Ü¡Ô²Ý±½§.

amalan AthipirAn adiyArkku ennai Atpaduththa-

vimalan viNNavar kOn viraiyAr pozil vEngkadavan

nimalan ninmalan nIthi vAnavan, nILmathiL aranggaththu ammAn,

thiruk kamala pAtham vanthu enkaNNinuLLana okkinRathE.

"neeL mathil arangan"

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MMMEANINGEANINGEANING

As mentioned earlier, all the ten paasurams are pure aanandham (bliss) experienced by ThiruppAnAzwar, on having the darshan of Sri Ranganatha. He calls him Amalan - pure and perfect and AdhipirAn- the first and foremost of all. He, the radiant one who made me a humble slave of the servants of the AdhipirAn, He, the king of the Devas, the one who resides among the fragrant gardens in ThiruVenkatam, the blemishless one who never sways from justice, the one who resides in the long and lofty walls of Thiruvanrangam – His sacred lotus feet seem to have on their own will entered my eyes.

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY W W WORDORDORD C C COMMENTARYOMMENTARYOMMENTARY: : :

Let us comment on the words of Paasuram one at a time:

1. Amalan: The Rangasaayee is perfection itself; He is the opposite of every kind of blemish. He removes the sins of His adiyArs and grants them Moksham.

2. Aadhi: He is the cause of all the Universes and its beings (Jagath KaaraNan). He is the creator of every thing and no one creates Him.

3. PirAn: He has the power of granting every thing from Svaroopam to the jeevan to Moksham. He is thus a MahOpakAran. He protects us in so many ways. All of these are elaborations of the letter “A” of PraNavam.

4. AdiyArkku yennai Aatpaduttha: He is the One who made me the dhAsan of His adiyArs. Who is an adiyAr ? All the jeevans are sEshAs to the Lord in reality but only those who are cognizant of being sEshars to the Lord are classified as adiyArs or BhAgavathAs or lieges of the Lord.

5. Vimalan: One without blemish at all times.

6. ViNNavarkkOn: The Lord of Nithya Sooris (eternally liberated souls).

7. VirayAr Pozhil Venkatavan: He is the One standing on top of Thiruvenkatam Hills amidst fragrant (virayAr) groves (pozhil). One does not need to worry that He is at a difficult-to-reach place such as


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Parama Padham; One can enjoy Him easily at the ThiruvEnkatam hills populated by fragrant groves.

8. Nimalan: He is SarvEswaran and yet does not want His adiyars to be hesitant to approach Him because of His SarvEswarathvam. He makes Himself easy to approach by hiding His SarvEswarathvam.

9. Ninmalan: He is the abode of all KalyANa guNams. He will not find fault with His adiyArs since He is their rakshakan.

10. Neethi Vaanavan: He is the Master of both the Leelaa VibhUthi (this world) and Its Iswaryams as well as the Lord of Nithya VibhUthi (Parama Padham). We should serve Him in this world just as Nithya Sooris do at Sri Vaikuntam. He is The Lord who rules justly at His supreme abode of Parama Padham.

11. NeeL MathiL Arangatthu AmmAn: This Lord who rules justly at Sri Vaikuntam is now present at Srirangam. This Supreme Master of all rests at Sriranga KshEthram surrounded by tall ramparts (NeeL MathiL Arangam). This Supreme Lord, who is Sarva PrAkAra Svatantran has become Sarva Sulabhan and rests at Srirangam as the limit of Soulabhyam.

12. Thirukkamala Paadham: Those sacred feet of Sri RanganAthan are both UpAyam (Means for Moksham) and Phalan (Goal). They are most enjoyable and are very sacred. They chase away the sins of the adiyArs. They are beautiful and soft like the Lotus flower.

13. Vanthu: Sri RanganAthan’s sacred feet of such mahimai have followed adiyEn, who was running around everywhere without knowing their glories and are in front of adiyEn now without any effort on my part.

14. Yenn kaNNinuLLana okkinrathE: What a wonder it is ! Those sacred feet, which are not visible even to Brahma and other dEvAs even if they have divine vision stand right in front of my fleshy eyes (maamsa Chakshus) without any special effort on my part.

The fifteen KalyANa guNams of the Lord at their ascendancy are Mosha

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Pradhathvam, Jagath KaaraNathvam Rakshakathvam et al. These are described in detail at the end of this section dealing with the meanings of the ten Paasurams Of ThiruppANar.

The First Paasuram starts with the letter "A” (Amalan). The second and Third Paasurams start with the letters "U” and “M”. Together A, U and M form the PraNavam.

VVVAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASI S S SRIRIRI D. R D. R D. RAMASWAMYAMASWAMYAMASWAMY I I IYENGYENGYENGAAARRR'''SSS ANUBHAVAANUBHAVAANUBHAVA PARIVPARIVPARIVAAAHAMHAMHAM: : :

He is:

1. Ever Pure/Amalan

2. The Primordial Being/ Aadhi

3. The Great Benefactor/Piraan

4. The ever Blemishless One consigning me to the service of the devoted/adiyArkennai Aadpadutthum Vimalan

5. the Lord of the Celestials/ViNNavar kOnn

6. The Resident of Vengadam with fragrant groves / Virayaar Pozhil

7. the One who has no fault / Nimalan

8. the One ever remaining unaffected by the fault of the devotees / Ninmalan

9. the One residing in righteous Parama Padham/Neethi Vaanavan

10. my Lord and Liege of Arangam with long ramparts/neeL mathiL Arangan -His radiant lotus feet appear as if they have come into, and are in my eyes.

The AzhwAr's focus in the first Paasuram is on Thirukkamala Paadham of Sri RanganAthan. The remaining portion of the Paasuram salutes Lord RanganAtha with TEN chosen epithets quoted above.


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÷® Û̈§ ÷°Ü°§Ü§èëÛ* ÷¡ªÛ ó° Û̈Ç ó¦Þ¥Ê±,*

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Uvantha uLLaththanAy ulagam aLanthu aNdamuRa,

Nivantha nILmudiyan anRu nErntha nisAsararai,

Kavarntha vengkaNaik kAkuththan kadiyArpozil arangaththammAn,

Ariachchivantha Adaiyin mEl senRathAm en sinthanaiyE.

‘His piercing arrows destroyed the demons’

Artwork courtesy of Madhavapriya www.glimpseofkrishna.com

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MMMEANINGEANINGEANING:::

ThiruppANAr now shifts his gaze from the sacred feet of the Lord to the red dress of Sri Ranganatha. In it he sees Thrivikraman – the one whose golden crown reached the top of the Universe, Kaakusthan – Lord Rama, who destroyed the Rakshasa clan through his arrows. He declares: “With my heart filled with delight, my thoughts go to the red dress (PeethAmbharam) on your waist – to you, the Lord that lives among the fragrant groves of Thiruvarangam”.

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY WORDWORDWORD C C COMMENTARYOMMENTARYOMMENTARY: : :

1. Uvantha uLLatthanAi ulaham aLanthu aNDam uRa: with a joyous heart as Thrivikraman, He measured the universe all the way upto the roof of the world (aNDam). His foot hit the roof of the aNDam (aNDam uRa).

2. anDam uRa nivantha neeL mudiyan: as His (Thrivikraman’s) foot grew and His tall crown (nivantha neeL mudiyan) collided against the ceiling of the Universe (aNDam uRa nivanthathu); His extended foot touched every one’s head on the way and removed their sins. Brahma dEvan washed that foot with water from his KamanDalu as Padhyam and Sivan placed that Sri Paadha Theertham on His head and got purified. Thrivikrama avathAram was to retrieve the riches from MahA Bali and return them to the legitimate owners (devAs). He was joyous (uavntha uLLathanAi) at the thought of helping th dEvAs. He blessed the dEvAs with ishta prApthi. Next, ThiruppANar focuses on the anishta nivrutthi (removal of sorrows of those tormented by the asurAs) in he RaamAvathAram.

3. anRu nErntha niSAchararai kavarntha VenkaNai Kaakutthan: “anRu” here refers to the day when the dEvAs performed SaraNAgathy to the Lord to save them from the misery caused by asurAs like RaavaNan. “nErntha nisAchararai" refers to the asurAs who fought with the dEvAs and threatened them. Raamachandran gave the supplicating dEvaas His


17

assurance of protection and took RaamAvathAram. He killed the asurAs with His fierce arrows (nisAchararai kavarntha venkaNai Kaakutthan).

That Raamachandran is now presenting Himself at Srirangam as Archaa Moorthy adorning the most beautiful red PeethAmbharam. ThiruppAnar states that his mind left him and went on its own after the most beautiful PeethAmbharam adorning the waist (arai) of the Lord of Srirangam surrounded by fragrant groves (kadi Aarr pozhil Arangatthu AmmAn Arai sivanth aAadayin mEl yen chinthanai senRathAm). AzhwAr says that his mind was fully subjugated by the beauty of the Lord’s red PeethAmbharam.

VVVAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASI S S SRIRIRI D. R D. R D. RAMASWAMYAMASWAMYAMASWAMY I I IYENGYENGYENGAAARRR'''SSS JOYOUSJOYOUSJOYOUS SUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARY OFOFOF THETHETHE SSSECONDECONDECOND P P PAASURAMAASURAMAASURAM: : :

The Lord of Arangam, with tall and erect head ornament, which pierced the higher worlds when with great delectation is His heart, He measured the world; who is the scion of the race of Kakut (an early king of solar race) whose sharp and stinging arrows devoured the RaakshasAs, who confronted Him (then), my mind has gone towards the reddish peethAmbharam worn by Him in His waist.

Here AzhwAr acknowledges that his mind left him and went after the enjoyment of the Lord's red dress. Azhwar was not aware of his mind reaching towards the Lord's PeethAmbharam. He noticed it after the happening. The hold of the beauty of the PeethAmbharam carries over into the next Paasuram as well.

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ª Û̈§Ô ©ßëÛ* ®¥ ½®¢Ü¡¥ ªßª¿,* ®ß²®ìÙ¡°Ü,-

£ Û̈§Ô ¼£ëÛë ¨Ô²Ýç²Ý* óì¢Ü¡§ÜÇ óì®Ó²Ý ó¿¦ëß²Ý,*

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÷ Û̈§Ô ½ª§²Ý½ç* ó¥Õ½ë²Ý ÷°Ü°§ÜÇ õ²ÝÒëÓ½ì.

Manthi pAy vada vEnkata mAmalai, vAnavarkaL, -

Santhi seyya ninRAn aranggaththu aravin aNaiyAn,

anthi pOl niRaththu Adaiyum athanmEl ayanaip padaiththathOr ezil

unthi mElathanRO adiyEn uLLaththu innuyirE.


He looks now above the sunset hued red dress on to the navel from where appears the lotus seat of Brahma. He stands a m o n g t h e Thiruvenkatam hills where monkeys are at play, to enable the Devas to worship Him with flowers. He rests on the Adhiseshan at Thiruvarangam with that sunset hued red dress, above which is

‘mandhi pAi vadavenkatam’


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the beautiful navel – that divine beauty of the navel which created Brahma dEvan, has captivated my heart and spirits.

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY WORDWORDWORD C C COMMENTARYOMMENTARYOMMENTARY:::

1. Manthi Paay Vada Venkata Malai: The Northern boundary for the home of Tamil speaking people is Venkatam and hence it is called Vada Venkata Malai. Here, the monkeys jump from one branch to the other to gather edible fruits.Their act is similar to the Jeevans jumping from one perishable phalan to the other as Bhaddha chEtanams. This mountain (malai) of ThiruvEnkatam is saluted as Maa malai (the great One) because its stature approaches that of the Lord, who resides on It.

2. VaanavarhaL santhy seyya ninRAn: Lord stood on His Vada Venakta Maa Malai to receive the kaimkaryams by VaanavarhaL (nithya Sooris).

3. ArnagattharavinaNayAn: Thirumala is tall and takes effort to climb to reach the top to perform Kaimkaryams for the Lord. Srirangam on the other hand can be accessed easily and there the leader among the nithya Sooris (Adhi Seshan) is performing kaimkaryam as bed, umbrella and PaadhukA. Sri RanganAthan is resting on the fragrant, cool bed of Adhi Seshan.

4. anthi pOl niRatthu Aadayaum: The hue of the red PeethAmbharam around His waist is like the evening sky at sunset (Saayam sandhyA). One who has the sevai of this PeethAmbharam will have all of his ajn~Anam and thApa Thrayams banished.

5. "athan mEl Ayanai padaithathOrezhil unthi": near the PeethAmbharam, the navel of the Lord and the Lotus that arose from there comes into sight.This is The unthi that created Brahma dEvan on the lotus for lOka srushti. This enchanting PeethAmbharadhAri, EmperumAn with His PirAtti, is the sole UpAyam and UpEyam for Moksham .

6. “mElathanRO adiyEn uLLatthin uyirE": My soul is ready to enjoy this celebrated navel of the Lord at Srirangam. Our Lord is Parama

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KaruNeekan. With His grace, adiyEn has been blessed to know about my seshathvam to Him in His role as Sarva Seshi (Supreme Lord to all). My mind’s sathva aspect has been enhanced and in the middle of it shines the svaroopam of my jeevan. My prAnan and the Aathma (jeevaathmA) residing in my heart vie with each other to enjoy the sacred navel of the Lord of Srirangam.

VVVAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASIAIKUNTAVAASI S S SRIRIRI D. R D. R D. RAMASWAMYAMASWAMYAMASWAMY I I IYENGYENGYENGAAARRR’’’SSS FLOODFLOODFLOOD OFOFOF ANUBHAVAMANUBHAVAMANUBHAVAM: : :

Enjoyment of the PeethAmbharam continues and AzhwAr's gaze shifts upto the navel above the Vasthram now. Out of the navel arises a lotus flower and Brahma dEvan is going about his duties of creation assigned to him by his Lord (ayanai padaitthathOr yezhil undhi). He is seen at Srirangam in the reclining position; erstwhile, He was standing on ThiruvEngada Malai. Here for the first time, AzhwAr uses the word “adiyEn” to show his dAsyathvam to His Swamy.


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chathuramA mathiLsUz ilanggaikku iRaivan thalaipaththu-

uthira vOtti Or vengkaNai uyththavan Otha vaNNan

mathuramA vaNdu pAda mAmayil Adaranggaththu ammAn,

thiruvaRRu-uthara bantham en uLLaththuL ninRu ulAkinRathE.


AzhwAr’s gaze moves further up to the belt on his waist. He, the one who destroyed the walled fortress of Lanka and killed the ten headed mighty Ravana with his powerful arrows, the ocean colored one, is reclining among the drones of bees and dances of peacocks at Thiruvarangam. The belt that adorns your waist is filling his(AzhwAr’s)

‘vatarangam-Ranganatha’

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heart with ecstasy.

With the above three Paasurams, the meaning of PraNavam (the first padham of Moola mantram was covered.The next padham is “nama:" meaning annaya sEshathvam (I am not my Master and I am not the Master of anyone). Our Lord alone is the Seshi for this sEsha bhUthan. This meaning of “nama:" sabdham (na mama) is covered in the 4th paasuram with the example of RaavaNan, who was destroyed by Chakravarthy Thirumahan as punishment for his offenses arising from ahankAra mamakArams. The middle portion of Thirumanthiram is connected to the middle portion of the Lord’s ThirumEni (udharam: waist) and the udhara bhandham (belt) there.

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY W W WORDORDORD C C COMMENTARYOMMENTARYOMMENTARY: : :

1. Chathura MaamathiL soozh Ilankaikku iRaivan: RaavaNan, the Lord of Lankai surrounded by strong walls for its defense. RaavaNan was inside this “invincible” fortified residence as the king of LankApuri.

2. "Ilankaikku iRaivan Talai patthu uthira Otti Ohr VenkaNai uytthavan”: Our Lord sent a fierce arrow (venkaNai) to cut off all the ten heads of RaavaNan (talai patthu uthira uytthavan).

3. "Odha VaNNan VenkaNai uytthavan": That Lord with the hue of the blue ocean sent the fierce arrow that destroyed the VaNangAmudi, RaavaNan in the battle field.

4. "Madhura MaavaNDu paada, Maa Mayil aada arangatthammAn, Odha VaNNan": The ocean-hued beauty of this Lord of Srirangam (Odha VaNNan) with Veera Lakshmi after destroying RaavaNan is enjoyed by the nithya Sooris, who took the forms of Peacocks dancing to the music of the bees. Our Lord listens to the Hari nAma sankeerthanam of the Bramarams (bees) and enjoys the dance of the Peacocks at His dhivya dEsam of Srirangam.

5. "ThiRu VayiRRu udhara bhandham yen uLLatthuL ninRu ulaa ninRathE": The captivating waist band seen on the Lord’s ThirumEni stays firmly in


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adiyEn’s mind and roams there as veethi ulaa. The reference here is to the darsanam of the waist of the Lord, which displays the three welt marks from the ropes with which YasOdhaa tied Him up. His name DhAmOdharan arose from those welt marks. His waist band (udhara bhandham) is adjacent to those welt marks. Azhwar acknowledges that the udhara bhandham has created a firm abode for itself in his mind and is engaged in roaming there.

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©ßìªßë* ©¯®Ó¿² ©±Û±Ñ§ÜÇ,* ù²Ý¿²§Ü§²Ý-

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pAramAya pazavinai paRRaRuththu ennaiththan-

vAramAkki vaiththAn vaiththathanRi ennuL pugunthAn,

gOra mAthavam seythanan kol aRiyEn aranggaththu ammAn,

thiru-vAra mArbathanRO adiyEnai AtkoNdathE.

‘1000 Pillar Mandapam– Srirangam’


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He relieved me of the burden of my earlier sins; He made me adore him as a devotee; not only that, He has now completely entered into me – have I done great penance to deserve this? - I don’t know. The garland filled chest of Thiruvarangan where the divine Mahalakshmi resides has mesmerized me now.

AAAVATHVATHVATHAAARIKAIRIKAIRIKAI ANDANDAND THETHETHE W W WORDORDORD BYBYBY W W WORDORDORD C C COMMENTARYOMMENTARYOMMENTARY:::

In this fifth paasuram and the next one, AzhwAr focuses on the meanings of “NaarAyaNa" sabdham of Thirumanthiram. Fifth paasuram focuses on the matchless chest of the Lord, where Mahaa Lakshmi resides and the next Paasuram moves upto the sacred neck of the Lord of Srirangam.

1. "PaaramAhiya pazhavinaikaL paRRu aRutthu": after cutting to their very roots my heavy load of ancient sins.

2. “yennai tann Vaaram-AkkinAn": He made me His adimai (servant like one of His antha: Pura Sthrees (ladies of the inner chamber) and put an end to the sway of my indhriyams. He gave me the bliss of Kaimkarya SrI. He made me enjoy this bliss for ever.

3. "VaitthathanRi yennuL puhunthAn": Not only did He transform me into His adimai (Vaitthathu anRi) but also He entered into my mind and took up residence (yennuL puhunthAn) there.

4. "kOra maatavam seythaNnan koll aRiyEn": for time memorial, adiyEn had strayed away from Him.He was filled with desire to repossess me. Did he do powerful penance to regain me and chose Srirangam as the suitable place for that penance? adiyEn does not know. That grand sankalpa tapas (kOra maa tavam) resulted in the destruction of all of my ancient bundle of sins and made adiyEn’s SaraNAgathy fruitful. adiyEn does not know how I came to be blessed this way. adiyEn did not do any hard tapas and neither did I know whether He did such a tapas to regain me, His property.

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5. "ArangatthammAn ThiruvAra Maarbhu anRO adiyEnai AatkkoNDathE": How can adiyEn express my gratitude to this most compassionate Lord. who condescended to bless this neechan. He is not one of the dhaivams without their PirAttis. He is Sridharan, who is never ever separated from His Devi, Mahaa Lakshmi. She has taken up permanent residence on His vast and beautiful chest. He accepted adiYEn’s kaimkaryams in unison with His PirAtti displaying yEka sEshithvam. It is this sErtthi sEvai with His dEvi on His incomparable chest and With Her as His lakshaNam (defining mark), the Lord of Srirangam blesses adiyEn with His sevai. That vakshasthalam is adorned by Mahaa Lakshmi and a haaram (Aaram/Vaijayanthi Maalai). That unique chest with these lakshaNams have made adiyEn’s mind a slave to Him.

The thoughts for reflection from the meditation on the padhams of this Pasuram are:

1. Sri Ranganathan’s chasing away of our natural enemies (virOdhi/anishta nivrutthi),

2. Ishta prApthi (attainment of Moksham and nithya kaimkarayam),

3. His vyApakathvam as VishNu (pervasive presence inside and outside),

4. His ever-present dayaa to Jeevans,

5. His Sriya: Pathithvam

6. His soulabhyam (ease of access), which forms the basis of Him standing as UpAyam (means for Sathgathi),

7. His Parathvam, which is the root of His being Phalan / PrApyam/ upEyam

8. His ThirumEni, which bears the chEtanAchEtanams, weapons and AabharaNams

9. Being the svaroopam (inner nature) of the Sesha Jeevan

10. Being the phalan for the Sesha Jeevan (viz)., prayer for the boon of Nithya Kaimkaryam.


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Ç¦Þ¥ ¼®¦Þ©Ó¾±ëß²Ý* ÇëìÙ §×ìÙ§Ü§®²Ý* ó¤Ý£Ô¾±ë-

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thuNda veNpiRaiyAn thuyar thIrththavan anjiRaiya-

vaNduvAz pozilsUz aranganagar mEya appan

aNdar aNda pagiraNdaththu oru mAnilam ezumAlvarai,

muRRum-uNda kaNdam kaNdIr adiyEnai uyyakkoNdathE.

‘Holy Srirangam Surrounded by Groves’

AAAVATHVATHVATHAAARIKAIRIKAIRIKAI: : :

In the previous Paasuram, AzhwAr described the Lord’s mercy in destroying VirOdhis (enemies) that interfered with the performance of Kaimkaryams to

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the Lord. Here, AzhwAr dwells on the need for Aakinchanyathvam of the jeevan as the necessary mind state for becoming the object of Lord’s Dayaa (Dayaa Paathram).

MMMEANINGEANINGEANING: : :

Our Lord of Srirangam is the one who removed the sorrow of Sivan adorning the crescent Moon on His JaDai (thuNDa VeNN PiRayan thuyar theertthavan). He resides permanently at Sriranga dhivya dEsam known for fertile groves filled with the bees (Acharyans) performing Hari Naama sankeertthanam (anjiRaya vaNDu vaazh Pozhil soozh Aranga nahar mEya Appan) . He becomes visible to our human eyes at Srirangam. He performs the mahOpakAram of putting an end to the roaming of our indhriyams in pastures of vishaya sukham.

adiyEn has the darsana soubhAgyam of His powerful neck that swallowed the dEvAs of the aNDam, the bhagiraNDam and AavaraNams beyond our aNDam, the seven kula Parvathams and all else during the Mahaa PraLayam. This darsanam of the neck of this Sarva sakthan at Srirangam blessed adiyEn to realize my svaroopam as DhAsa bhUthan to Him and blessed adiyEn with Sathgathi.


1. “ThuNDa VeNN piRayan thuyar theertthavan": Lord Siva adorns the crescent Moon on His Jadai and hence is known as Chandra Sekharan (ThuNda VeNN PiRayan). ThuNda means a small portion. VeNN PiRai means, the while crescent Moon. This Chandra Sekharan's Thuyar (sorrow) was the Kapaalam that got stuck to his palm and the curse of his father that required him to move like a nomad from place to place begging for food. Sriman narayana blessed Sivan as Hara Saapa vimOchana Murthy and there after the skull fell from Sivan’s palm and he resumed his normal life. AzhwAr reminds us that Sivan could not take care of his problems and if so how can he help others ? AzhwAr


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reminds us that Sivan was a Karma vasyan, who got his exalted position due to his austerities and it is Sriman Narayanan alone, who can bless us with all kinds of PurushArTams including Moksham.

2. "anjiRaya VaNDu vaazh pozhil soozh Aranganahar mEya Appan": Our Lord of such vaibhavam is present as ArchAvathara RanganAthan.There are many groves in and around Sriranga kshEthram. There are many honey bees enjoying the fragrant flowers in those groves. Their wings are beautiful to look at. They use those wings to arrive at Bhagavath sannidhAnam. They are really AchArya PurushAs, who arrive at the Lord’s sacred feet to unite ChEtanams with the Lord, who is ready to accept the sipArisu of the AchAryAs and bless the Jeevans with Parama PurushArTam.

3. “aNDaraNDa BahiraNDatthu oru Maanilam yezhumAl varai muRRum uNDa kandam kandeer adiyEnai uyyakkoNDathE": During the Mahaa PraLayam, our Lord holds inside His stomach all the Kaarya vasthus for their safety. Otherwise, they might be destroyed thru drowning in the dangerous PraLayam waters. Brahma, Sivan, aNDam, dEvAs, chEtanams, achEtanams inside the aNDam, Kula Parvathams et al were all kept inside His stomach. AzhwAr is rapturous over the sight of the magical throat, which swallowed all of the above kaarya vasthus during PraLayam out of His infinite compassion for safe keeping them.

4. "kaNDam adiyEnai yuyyakkoNDathE": This throat of the Lord doing such a miraculous feat has helped me with my ujjevanam (upliftment from samsAram).

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kaiyinAr suri sangganal Azhiyar nILvarai pOl-

meyyanAr thuLapa viraiyAr kamazh nIL mudiyem

aiyanAr, aNiyarangganAr aravin aNaimisai mEya mAyanAr,

seyya vAy aiyO ! eannais sindhai kavarnthathuvE !

‘Kalkunte Ranganathar’


From the 7th to the 10th (concluding) Paasuram, AzhwAr sings about the state of rapture (Bhakthi paravasam) arising from the enjoyment of the Lord’s


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dhivya soundharyam. The"Aaya" sabdham over "NaarayaNa" in Thiru Manthiram is in the fourth case (Chathruthi Vibhakthi) and implies Kaimkarya PrApthi. Bhagavath anubhavam is the cause behind the prayerful request for Kaimkaryam. Kaimkaryam follows after the anubhaavm. In the 7th Paasuram, AzhwAr enjoys the beauty of the Lord’s ripe red lips resembling bhimbhA fruit.


On His hands He wields the conch – sanku, and the fire breathing chakkaram, He has the body of a dark mountain, He wears the fragrant Thulasi on his crown. My Lord! the jeweled Thiruvarangan, who rests on the serpent bed! Your coral red lips and their smile have completely stolen my heart.


1. "Kaiyinal surisanakanal AazhiyAr”: The Lord of Srirangam carries the Valampuri Sankham and Sudarsana chakram serve which as both as weapon and AbaraNam. "Suri Sankham" and "anal Aazhi” refer to Paanchajanyam and Sudasana chakram. The sound emanating from Paanchajanyam is Veda Mayam and is hence takes mantra roopam for the listener. The enemies of the Lord, who hear that dhvani are destroyed by that sound. Sudarsana chakram represents the Manas tathvam of the Lord or sanklapa sakthi. It also destroys the enemies of the Lord effectively. Our Lord has both mantram (sankhu) and Manas (Chakram) in His hands to help the chEtanam.

2. "NeeL varai pOl meyyanAr": The dhivyAthma savarropam is not easy to see except by those Yogis with sharp Jn~Ana dhrushti. The dhivya mangaLa vigraham however is readily seen even with our fleshy eyes (Maamsa Chakshus). He is Seen as clearly as a tall (neeL) mountain (varai).

3. "TuLabha virayAr kamazh NeeL mudi yemm IyyanAr": The fragrance

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from the TuLasi garland reveals that He is superior to every one. A different kind of fragrance emanates from the divine, tall crown of the Lord. That Crown reveals that He is the Lord of both LeelA and Nithya VibhUthi. With this divine crown, the Lord of Srirangam shines as the Father of all the worlds.

4. “aNi AranganAr”: The reference here is to Sriranga VimAnam, which is superior in glory to His other sthAnams like Sri Vaikuntam and the Milky ocean. Sriranga VimAnam is much easier to approach and enjoy than Sri Vaikuntam and the Milky Ocean. Here Sri RanganAthan rests on His bed of Adhi Seshan.

5. "aravinaNaimisa mEya MaayanAr": AdhisEshan appears like the union of Jn~Anam and Bhalam of the Lord. He is the most enjoyable bed for the Lord and the adiyArs enjoy this beautiful anubhavam of seeing the Lord resting on this unique bed.

6. "seyya Vaay IyyO ! yennai chinthai kavarnthathuvE": This wonderous Lord’s mouth appears like a fruit ready for enjoyment from its color and sweetness. Inside that mouth, we can see all the seven lOkams. This wonderous mouth has captivated adiyEn’s mind. This anubhavam is so sweet and at the same time difficult to fully digest.


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©ìÓëè¡Ô ® Û̈§* óÎ¦²Ý ÷¥Ü¡×¦Þ¥,* óªììÙ¡ÜÁ-

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pariyanAki vantha avuNan udalkINda, amararkku-

ariya AthipirAn aranggaththu amalan mugaththu,

kariyavAkip pudaiparanthu miLirnthu sevvariyOdi,

nINdavap-periya vAya kaNkaL ennaip pEthamai seythanavE!

'Ranganatha in veNNaikkAppu'

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The charming eyes of the Lord took over and made me a slave of them. Their beauty defeated adiyEn and made me fall at His Thiruvadi. Those eyes made AzhwAr enjoy the dhivya soundharyam of His other limbs. Azhwar uses the story of his becoming the adimai for those beautiful eyes of the Lord as a preface to the main message of this Paasuram that salutes the heroism of The Lord in destroying the enemies of His adiyArs.


The one who came down as a lion to tear down Hiranyakasipu, the first Lord - who even the Devas find hard to reach, that Arangan whose face holds the dark eyes, twinkling with the red lines, Oh those long big eyes are captivating me to a state of losing myself.


1. "PariyanAhi vantha avuNan udal keenDa amararkku ariya AadhippirAn": Pariyan means one with a big body resembling a mountain. HiraNyan (avuNan) ran towards the Lord with his huge, strong body. Our Lord grabbed this mighty asuran in a flash, put him down on His lap and tore him apart (udal keeNDAr). Bhaktha PrahlAdhan, the small child of HiraNyan stood near the Lord and enjoyed the Lord’s valour. DevAs were frightened and ran away. ThiruppANar salutes the SthambhAvathara Narasimhan in this context as "amararkku ariya AadhippirAn". He is indeed AadhppirAn, The Jagath KaaraNan, Jagath Rakshakan and JagannAthan. He is the primordial PirAn without Aadhi and antham.

2. "Arangatthamman Muhatthu kariyavAhi puDaip-paranthu miLirnthu sevvariyOdi neeNDa apperiyavAya KaNkaL" : “Arangatthu Amalan Muhatthu": Why did this Parama Padha Naathan, who is difficult to be seen even by the DevAs took archAvathAram to be seen and worshipped


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readily at Srirangam ? He vowed to come to the rescue of the helpless, struggling samsAris to attain His sacred feet and be redeemed. He chases away the doubts of SamsAris loaded with heavy bundles of sins about His rakshakathvam in their cases and presents Himself as the embodiment of great beauty with a face containing the united soundaryam of the Moon and the lotus flower.

3. "Kariyavaahip-pudai paranthu miLirnthu": In that Thirumukha MaNDalam, the devotees see the two matchless beautiful eyes, which are like like blue gems with a black admixture (hue of Karuneythal flowers). They appear like just blossomed blue lotuses as a result of the joy of seeing the adiyArs and express great affection for them. Inside the eyes, there are beautiful red lines, which appear as measuring units of the Lord’s love for His adiyArs. The glory and the sweetness of the Lord’s compassion and affection for the devotees are expressed by those eyes .

4. "Yennai pEthamai seythavE": AzhwAr now expresses the effect of those beautiful eyes of the Lord on him. He says that he got lost in the enjoyment of those beautiful eyes and that blissful experience made him incapable of recognizing anything around him or to engage in any other activity.

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ôªß ªì§Ü§Ô²Ý õ¿½ªÜ* üÌ ©ß¡èëÛ,*

¤ßªÛ úÏªÛ ÷¦Þ¥ß²Ý* óì¢Ü¡§ÜÇ óì®Ó²Ý ó¿¦ëß²Ý,*

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AlamA maraththin ilaimEl oru bAlaganAy,

njAlam Ezum uNdAn aranggaththu aravin aNaiyAn,

kOla mAmaNi Aramum muththuth thAmamum mudivilla thOrezil

nIla mEni aiyO! niRai koNdathu en nenjinaiyE!

‘Gopuram– Vimanam of Srirangam’


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Now ThiruppAnAzhwar sings the praise of the whole ThirumEni. That little boy who dwells on a tiny banyan leaf, and can swallow all the seven worlds, that One who rests on a serpent at Thiruvarangam, the One who wears gem studded garlands and pearl necklace on his blue ThirumEni, has an infinite beauty, that has completely filled my heart.

AAAVATHVATHVATHAAARIKAIRIKAIRIKAI

Until now, AzhwAr enjoyed the soundharyam of every limb of the reclining Lord at Srirangam one by one and broke out into wonderful paasurams expressing that Aanandhaanubhavam. Until now, Azhwar was under the impression that he was contented with the enjoyment of the individual limbs of the Lord. After experiencing the unmatched beauty of the entire Thirumeni of the Lord, Azhwar concedes that his sense of contentment has left him and asks what can he do now ?

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY WORDWORDWORD M M MEANINGEANINGEANING:::

1. "Aala Maa maratthin ilai mEl oru BalaganAi Jn~alam yEzhum uNDAn Arangatthu aravinaNayAn": During the praLayam (deluge) that comes between BhagavAn’s srushti of the naama-roopa prabanjam, one sees a huge peepal tree with countless branches and innumerable leaves. It is hard to tell whether that tree is inside the oceans or in the upper world or has its roots in this earth. On one leaf of the tree, Sage MarkaNDEyar saw a child resting and getting adrift in the fiercely swirling waters of avAnthara PraLayam. That child has swallowed all the worlds and kept them in a small portion of its stomach for protection. That little infant was recognized by Sage MarkaNDEyar as the Jagath kaaraNan and Rakshakan. That mysterious child is now seen inside the Koil Azhwar of Ranga VimAnam at Srirangam reclining on AdhisEshan. His subjects, Brahma dEvan and VisbhishaNan perform AarAdhanam for

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Him there.

2. "Kola MaamaNi Aaramum, Mutthu thAmum, mudivillathOr yezhil neela mEni”: On the broad chest of this reclining Lord, Mahaa Lakshmi has Her residence. Her Sannidhi is circumscribed by a beautiful nava rathna necklace, which appears like a prAkaaram for Her sannidhi. Outside the gem necklace are seen single, triple and five strand pearl necklaces.With all these AabharaNams, Sri RanganAthan gives the sEvai like a huge rainy season cloud with His dark blue hue and destroys the taapams of SamsAris.

3. "aiyyo niRai koNDathu yen nenjinayE": Azhwar now reveals the impact of the samudhAya sevai of the angams of the Lord; earlier, he had enjoyed those limbs one at a time and sung about them in ecstasy. His mind was contented about its Good fortune. Now, the effect of the integrated sevai of all the avayavams of the Lord has created PoorNAnubhavam and with that bliss an anxiety over any obstacles that may arise in the future that will interfere with that full experience. Azhwar says that nagging worry has made him worried and has led to his singing PallANDu for the Lord.


39


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koNdal vaNNanaik kOvalanAy veNNey-

uNda vAyan ennuLLam kavarnthAnai,

aNdar kOn aNi arangan en amuthinaik-

kaNda kaNkaL maRRonRinaik kANAvE.

‘Beautiful Eyes, Crown, Chest..’

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The darsana soubhAgya anubhavam of ThiruppANa AzhwAr is a special adhbhutha anubhavam. Until this paasuram, he was prefacing his anubhavam with "adiyEn, adiyEn". The overwhelming impact of the samudhAya anubhavam made AzhwAr forget his name and place of birth. He finds his soul enjoying the Lord without interference/distraction from anything else due to the Lord’s grace. He expresses his joy over the relief from all the samsAric sorrows and celebrates his attainment of Satgathi. Just like a MukthAthma making Saama GhAnam, AzhwAr was engaged in eulogizing the Lord at His sannidhi and declared that his eyes have no desire to see anything else anymore.


Having experienced utmost delight in the darshan of Sri Ranganatha, we can enjoy the last paasuram where he does not want to see anything more. His heart, and mind are filled with the Arangan’s beauty that there is nothing more to delight him. The dark cloud colored one, the one who stole butter as a cow boy, the king of the Universe, the beautiful Arangan – after having seen you, my eyes refuse to see anything else.

WWWORDORDORD BYBYBY WORDWORDWORD M M MEANINGEANINGEANING:::

1. "KoNDal VaNNanai": The mental sufferings of the adiyArs, who have the darsana soubhAgyam of Sri Ranganathan will be banished. He rests in the island formed by the two rivers like a dark rainy cloud touching ground.He is like a KaaLa mEgham drenching the chEthanams and achEthanams with the rain of His kaaruNyam. His vaNNam (hue) is like that of KoNDal (dark blue rain-laden cloud).

2. "KovalanAi VeNNai uNDa Vaayan": As GopAlan, our Lord protected the simple cowherdesses (Gopis) of Gokulam and BrundhAvanam, who did not know that eight and two adds upto ten (AshtAsharam, Dhvayam and


41

Charama slOkam). He stole away from Vaikuntam before the nithya Sooris could complete their AarAdhanam for Him and present Him with delectable chithrAnnams and arrived at Gokulam to steal VeNNai from the houses of the Gopis and moved in AaypAdi as one of their kulam. For Him, the consumption of the VeNNai of samsAra maNDalam was like enjoying the VeNNai of aprAkrutha Sri Vaikuntam. He ate the VeNNai to demonstrate that whatever is dear to His adiyArs are dear to Him as well.

3. “Yenn uLLam kavarnthAnai": Just as He consumed stolen VeNNai at the houses of the Gopis, Sri RanganAthan has stolen adiyEn’s heart also as another piece of navaneetham and is enjoying it. adiyEn can not describe this as stealing of MY heart. The use of the word, "MY" implies mamakAram. After being blessed by Him and gaining vivEkam, the words like "MY" and "MINE" have to be jettisoned. Lord RanganAthan used His dhivya soundharyam, got me under His spell and overpowered adiyEn with His souseelyam and Soulabhyam. There is nothing anymore that I can identify as "ME" or "MINE".

4. "andar kOnn": He is the Master of the Lord of all Andams, Brahma and all the dEvAs, who populate the andams. Sri Ranganathan is holding all of them under His sway and is recognized as their Swami and Svatantra Purushan. This great Lord revered by the andar kulam now has been tied up to a mortar as punishment for stealing VeNNai at the neighbor’s houses. He permits Himself to be tied up by the Gopi, while He is not the easiest to comprehend even by the dEvAs. Such is the soulabhyam of the andar kOnn.

5. "aNiyarangan": That Periya PerumAL who draws the nithya sooris from their lovely abode of Parama Padham to Srirangam for His sevai is now blessing me with His enchanting darsanam.

6. "yen amudhinai kaNDa KaNkaL maRRonRinaik-KaaNAvE": He is delectable to me like the nectar. He stays at Parama Padham, Milky ocean and Soorya MaNDalam to be enjoyed exclusively as nectar by the

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residents of the three sites(sTAnams). Now, He has blessed adiyEn, who is inferior in svaroopam and SvabhAvam, to enjoy Him as the nectar effortlessly. After being blessed with this rare boon, how can adiyEn look at anything a subjects worthy of attention and acquisition as bhOgya vasthus ? adiyEn’s eyes will not see anything other than this nectar at Srirangam with anantha kalyANa guNams and matchless Iswaryam (VibhUthis). adiyEn wil not be interested to see Parama Padha Naathan or Para VaasudEvan or VyUha forms of the Lord or Vibhava avathArams. adiyEn’s eyes will not choose to see any one of those forms of the Lord except RanganAthan at Srirangam. adiyEn has no other desire. This is the height of Tanmayathvam experienced by the AzhwAr. After completing the tenth paasuram of Amalan Aadhi PirAn, ThiruppANAzhwAr merged with the Lord in front of all.

திருப்பாணாழ்வார் திருவடிகேள சரணம்

ThiruppANAzhwAr ThiruvadigaLE SaraNam

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!@

!mEt rama{jay nm@

nmfepRmaqf tiRvFkEq twfcmf

tiRpfpa]azfvarf tiRvFkEq cr]mf

epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq tiRvFkEq cr]mf

tiRpfpa]azfvarf `Rqicf ecyft

`ml[atipira[f

(epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq vfyakfya[gfkQkfK 'qiy tmizf viqkfkgfkqf)

nmfepRmaqf, 'mfepRma[arf `Rqalf My[fbv[f

! `Ehapil tas[f k. !tr[f

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!@

!mEt rama{jay nm@

tiREv twfcmf

tiRvrgfkE[ twfcmf

twfcmAdnft nmf rama{j[f tiRvFkEq twfcmf

`FEy[f uAr

nmfepRmaqi[f tiRv<qfqmak kdnft jJAl matmf (2007) etadgfkpfpdfd

nmfepRmaqf vijymf '[fb mat ;tzilf, `FEy[f YMlmak !rgfkraj[f,

t[fA[pf pbfbiy mikv<mf uyrfnft pirpnftma[ `ml[atipira[i[f

epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq vfyakfya[gfkQkfK 'qiy tmizf viqkfkgfkqf 'Ztikf

eka]fD vnfta[f.

;nft nmfepRmaqf ;tZd[f `ml[atipira[f vfyakfya[gfkqf mbfBmf 'qiy

tmizf viqkfkgfkqf p>rftftiya[T. `tA[ mdfDmf etaKtfT, t[i W\lak

nmfepRmaqi[f tiRM[fpak `FEy[f cmrfpfpikfkiEb[f. `FEy[i[f ;nft W\Al

`v[f oTkfk MbfpdfdaLmf, !rgfknacfciyarf `vA[ `vfvitmf ecyfy

vidmadfdaqf '[fB nmfp<kiEb[f. ;nft W\lilf sfvami epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq

vfyakfya[ YMlgfkqf kdfdtfti{qf uqfq[.

;tA[pf pFpfpvrfkqf ugfkQAdy Emla[ ']f]gfkAq evqipfpDtfti[alf,

`vbfAby<mf ;tilf Ecrfkfklamf.

;nft W\lilf uqfq k]fkvRmf p<AkpfpdgfkAq `FEy{kfKkf ekaDtfT

utviy `FEy[i[f ~pftRmf, tiRvrgfkmf epriyEkayilf `rfcfckRma[ !manf

Mrqi pdfdrf sfvamikfK, `FEy[f tAlylflalf AkmfmabiElE[.

naray]. naray]. naray].

nmfepRmaqf tiRvFkEq cr]mf

srfvmf kfRxf]arfpfp]mf ... vasHEtvmf srfvmf

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t[iy[f

~pat Vdmf `Wp>y hrimf cyanmf

mtfEy kEvrThiT@ Mtitanftratfma

`tfrxfRtamf nynEyarf vixyanftra]amf

Eya nicfcikay mnAv Mnivahnmf tmf

epaRqf - 'nft oR tiRpfpa]azfvarf, kaEvriyi[f nDvilf k]fvqRmf

epriyepRmaAq tiRvF etadgfki tiRMFvAr `{pvitfD, t[T

tiRkfk]fkqf, `nftpf epRmaAqtf tvirftfT EvB 'nft vixygfkAqy<mf

ka]aT '[fB uBtiyakkf Pbi[aEra - `pfpFpfpdfdvRmf, Elaksargfk[f

'[fb M[ivA[tf t[T vak[makkf eka]fdvRmf ~kiy tiRpa]azfvaAr

na[f 'pfEpaT cinftikfkkf kdEv[f.

piqfAqElakmf jIyrf `Rqicf ecyft t[iy[f vfyakfya[mf

`vtariAk

(~patVdmitfyati) ;tilf ekRdvak[{mf nibfk, `wfciAbpfp<dfpakA[ya[f

k]fdT et[f[rgfktfEt '[fBmf ecalfLkibpFEy epriy epRmaAq EsvitfT

`Wpvitft MnivahnAr mnsfsaEl `WpvikfKmfpF ecalfLkibT.

kRdvahntfvMmf EcxcayitfvMmf !y@ptitfvMmiEb srfvEcxiya[

srfvatikvsfTv<kfK lX]mf, ;pfpF srfvatikvsfTvi{Ady

srfvavyvgfkAqy<mf sgfkfrmmak `{pvitftpF ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - ;nfttf t[iy[ilf ekRd vak[{mf nibfk(tiRmaAl-10),

`wfciAbpf p<dfpakA[ ya[f k]fdT et[f `rgfktfEt(epriy tiRemazi-5-6-

6) '[fB PBki[fbpF, epriyepRmaAq EcvitfT `{pvitftvRmf,

Elakcargfk[f '[fb M[iyi[f Etaqfkqilf epriyepRmaqi[f ~A]kfK "bfp

`mrfnfT, `nft M[iAytf t[T vak[mak uAdyvRmf ~kiy

tiRpfpa]azfvaArtf ta[f(;nfttf t[iy[f `Rqicf ecyft epriy nmfpikqf)

`{pvitftAtkf PBkibarf.

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vfyakfya[mf

(~patVdmf) tiRpfpatEkctfAt

(`Wp>y) `ml[atipira[AdEv `{pvitfT

`ml[f ~tipira[f '[fB etadgfKmf paCrmf Mtlf `{pvitfT

(hrimf cyanmf) !manfsHksHpft@prnftp@ '[f{mfpFyayfkf kidkfAk. kidnft

kiAdyiEl udfKAdyCryierlflaM]fdvriEb. hrtItihri@ `WPlrf

mnsfAsy<mf pfrtiPlrf pfra][fkAqy<mf hrikfKmver[fkibT. `WPlAr

tfRxfF citftapharmf p]f}mfpFyaFRkfAk. kidnftEtarf kidkfAk

k]fDemgfg[mf mbnfT vazfEk[f, "rarfkfEkalmf tikzkfkidnftayf k]fEd[f

'[f{mfpF taphrra[vAr. `vrftamf, `rvi[A] miAc Emymay[ara[

Mkilf v]f]riEb. ;pfpF `WPl pfrtiPlrX] ciX]gfkAqpf

p]f}mvra[vAr.

viqkfkmf - ;ramay]mf sHnftr ka]fdmf (38-25) - !manf sHk sHpft@

prnftp@ - viEratikAq vadfDmf ;ram[f Ckmakkf k]fvqrfnfta[f - '[fB

PbiypFEy epriyepRmaqf cy[itfTqfqa[f. nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf (7-2-

3) PbiypF - udfKAdyCrrf uyierlflamf u]fd - ;ram[f Epa[fB

`gfKmigfKmf eclflamlf, cy[itftpFEy À[vAry<mf t[T `zkalf

vIzftfti[a[f. hrtItihri '[fpT naray]A[kf KbitftT. hri '[fb

tiRnammf, t[f mIT `[fp< eka]fdvrfkqf m[Aty<mf, t[fA[y<mf

`FyarfkAqy<mf 'tirfpfpvrfkqf uyiAry<mf vadfDpv[f '[fpAtkf PBmf.

;ramay]mf Èyatfya ka]fdmf(3-29) - tfRxfF citftapharmf - ka]fpvrfkqf

k]fA]y<mf m[Aty<mf ;ram[f `pkritfta[f - '[fbpF ;v[f ;Rnfta[f.

eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf tiRmaAlyilf (23) - kidnftEtarf kidkfAk

k]fDemgfg[mf mbnfT vazfEk[f - '[fBmf, nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf (5-

8-1) - "rarfkfEkalmf tikzkfkidnftayf k]fEd[f - '[fBmf PbiyT Epa[fB,

t[fA[kf k]fdvrfkqi[f tapgfkAq nIkfKpv[f '[fB kRtfT.

;pfpFpfpdfdv[f yarf '[fbalf, `v[f - ~tiEcx[f mIT k]fvqrfnftpF,

viypfpa[ ecylfkAqcf ecyftpF, nIrf eka]fd Emkmf Epa[fb nibmf eka]fdpF

uqfq epriyepRmaqf ~va[f. ;pfpFyak t[f{Ady `zAk mdfDEm eka]fD

`FyarfkAqy<mf, viEratikAqy<mf oREcr vIzftfTpv[f ~va[f.

(kvErThiTrfmtfEy) kvErknfAyya[ kaEvri mtfEy. kgfAkyibf p<[itmay

kaviri nDv< padfFElyiEb pDkaD kidkfkibT. v]fepa[f[i

tiRkfAkyalFvRd tiRvaq[i[itakvayftfTtf tiRkfk]fkqf vqRkibT.

;pfpF (kvErThiTrfmtfEy cyanmf hrimf ~patVdmf) '[fB KdtiAc

MFAy AvtfTkf K]tiAc patmf nIdfF vdtiAc pi[fp<kadfFtf

et[ftiAcyilgfAk Enakfkikf kdlfnibkf kdv<eqnfAt `rvA]tf TyiLma

k]fD `Wpvitftaer[fAk. (Mtitanftratfma) ;pfpF `WpvitfT

hfRxfdmnava[arf, `kmkizpfepbfbarf. uvnftv<qfqtftra[arf. SnfTxfd

citftsmahitra[arf. mkizfnftT cinfAt '[f[kfkdvtiEb.

viqkfkmf - kvErrf '[f{mf M[iv[i[f ep]f kaEvri ~vaqf. `nftkf

kaEvriyi[f nDvilf, kgfAkAyvidpf p<[itma[ kaEvriyi[f nDvilf ;v[f

cy[itfTqfqa[f. Kqirfnft kaEvri (v]fepa[f[i - epRmaqf tiRemazi - 2-3)

t[T Àlkqf '[f{mf tiRkfkrgfkqalf ;v[T tiRvFkAq vRFypF

uqfqaqf (tiRkfAkyalf `F vRd - epRmaqf tiRemazi - 1-1). `nft

vRdlilf t[fA[ mbnfT tiRvrgfk[f ;[fpmakkf k]fkAq YMFypF

cy[itfTqfqa[f. ~k - kvErThiTrfmtfEy cyanmf hrimf ~patVdmf -

'[fpt[f YMlmf, eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf t[T tiRmaAlyilf (19) -

KdtiAc MFAy AvtfTkf K]tiAc patmf nIdfF vdtiAc pi[fp<kadfFtf

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et[f tiAcyilgfAk Enakfkikf kdlf nibkf kdv<eqnfAt `rvA]tf

TyiLmak]fD - '[fB `{pvitftT Epa[fB ;vRmf `{pvitftarf. ;vfvitmf

`{pvitfttalf ~[nftmf Vzfnft m[mf epbfbarf, uqfqmf mkizpf epbfbarf.

mikv<mf uyrfnft ukpfp< Àdnftarf. Àmtiya[ cIriy m[mf epbfbarf.

p>ttftazfvarf ;r]fdamf tiRvnftatiyilf (32) - mkizfnftT cinfAt - '[fbT

Epal ;vRmf ;Rnftarf.

;[i `vfvqvilf nilflaEt (`tfrxfRtamfnynEyarf vixyanftra]amf)

'[f{mfpF ka]akf k]fA]y<Adyra[arf. `]iyrgfke[[f[MtiA[kfk]fd

k]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv '[fbayftfT ;vrf vixytftiEl

`sftmitanfypavrayiRpfpT, "tEtvamfRtmf tfRxfdfvatfRpfynfti@ `rgfkma

Ekayilfeka]fd kRmfpiA[kf k]fD eka]fed[f k]f]iA] kqikfKmaEb,

rammf EmWkta tfRxfF@, ntfvapcfyami yiEb. esqnftrfy sakrtftiEl

mkfnra[arf, ;vrfkfK `zK `jfwantfAt viAqtfttayftfT. `tfRxfdmf

tfRxfdmaAkyaEl tfRxfdmf `tfRxfdmayftfT. `[fbikfEk, cinfAt

mbfeba[fbi[f tibtftlfla, paEva nanfytfr kcfcti '[f{mfpF

prtfvatikqayftfT pEraX vixymakibet[f{tlf, kdfkilI '[f{mf vFAvyiEb

k]f]alf k]fdWpvitftT. ka]atAvy<mf k]fd vsfTvilf u]fFEb. ;pfpF

AmpfpF Em[iAyyWpvitfT mbfb vixygfkAqkf ka]akf

k]f]ayiRkfKmvArcf ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - `tfTd[f mdfDmf nibfkvilfAl. `rgfkA[kf k]fd pi[f[rf EvB

'tA[y<mf ka]at k]fkAqpf epbfbvra[rf. `]iyrgfke[[f[MtiA[kf

k]fd k]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv- '[fB ;vEr PBmfpF ~[arf. mbfb

niA[v<kqf À[tfTmf nIgfkpf epbfbarf. canfEtakfy up[ixtf -

'tEtvamfRtmf tfRxfdfvatfRpfynfti@ - prmfepaRqf '[fb `mirfttfAt

k]fkqalf pRKki[fb[rf - '[f{mfpF ;vrf ~[arf. eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf

t[T tiRmaAlyilf (17) - `rgfkma Ekayilfeka]fd kRmfpiA[kf k]fD

eka]fed[f k]f]iA] kqikfKmaEb - '[fb niAlAy Àdnftarf.

;ramay]mf Èyatfya ka]fdmf(42-34) - rammf EmWkta tfRxfF@

ntfvapcfyami - tcrt[f ekqsAlyidmf ;ram[f pi[fpak mdfDEm t[T

k]fparfAv ;RnftT, u[fA[y<mf ka]vilfAl - '[fbT Epa[fB ;vRmf

epriyepRmaqi[f `zK '[fb kdlilf YMzfki[arf. ;nft `zkilf YMzfkiytalf,

mbfb ulk vixygfkqilf ;vRkfK `biyaAmEy u]fda[T. 'qitilf

ka]kfkiAdkfkat epaRAqkf ka] Enridfdtalf, 'qitilf ka]kfPFy

epaRqfkqf ;vRkfKkf ka]amlf Epayfvidfd[. nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf(7-

10-10) - cinfAtmbfeba[fbi[f tibtftlfla - '[fB PBvT Epa[fBmf, `{m[f

;ramay]mf utftr ka]fdtftilf(40-15) - paEva nanfytfr kcfcti - EvB

't[f mITmf '[T cinftA[ eclflvilfAl - '[fB PBvT Epa[fBmf ;vrf

`rgfk[i[f mIT :Dpdfdarf. ;t[alf k]fkqilf et[fpDmf mbfbAvkQmf

`biyta[T. tiRvayfemazi(7-2-3) - kdfkilI - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB,

;TvAr k]fFrat epriyepRmaAq `lflva k]fdarf. ;vralf ka]pfpdat

À[tfT vixygfkQmf `rgfk[i[f tiREm[iyilf uqfqT `[fEba?

;pfpFyak `zkiy m]vaq[i[f tiREmA[ `zAk `{pvitft

kar]tfti[alf, mbfb vixygfkqf 'tA[y<mf ka]amlf uqfq ;vrf yarf?

(Eya nicfcikay mnAv Mnivahnmf tmf) '[fB yaveraRvrf k]fdk]fkqf

mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv '[fB `Btiyidfdarf `pfpFpfpdfd `nft

MnivahnAr. (mnAv) mnsfsaEl pfrtiptfti p]f}kiEbe[[fbpF.

`y[lrfkfekaDetaZEttft '[f{mfpF hmfsvahn[a[ cTrfMk[f

phHMkmak `WpvitftapfEpaEl Mnivahnra[ ;vRmf "kMkmak ;r]fD

k]f]aLmf k]fdWpvitftarf.

viqkfkmf - 'nft Orf ~zfvarf - k]fdk]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv -

'[fB tqrat uBtiy<d[f Pbi[aEra, `pfpFpfpdfd M[ivak[ra[

tiRpfpa]azfvaAr m[T niAby<mfpF `{pvikfkiEb[f '[fB

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kRtfT(tiRvrgfk[i[f kdfdAqkfK "bfp, Elakcargfk[f '[fb M[ivrf, ;nft

~zfvaArtf t[T Etaqfkqilf "bfB `rgfk[i[f EkayiLkfK vnfttalf,

M[ivak[rf '[pfpdfdarf). epriytiRemazi (4-2-6) - `y[lrfkf

ekaDetaZEttft - PBkibpF, `[f[tfAt vak[mak uAdy pfrmfm[f

(na[fMk[f) tfrivikfrmA[tf t[T na[fK MktftaLmf `{pvitftT Epa[fB,

M[ivA[tf t[T vak[mak uAdy ;vrf t[T oR MktftaLmf ;r]fD

k]fkqaLmf nmfepRmaAq `{pvitftftarf.

kfrIdEky>rk rtfnK]fdlmf pfrlmfpMkftam]i Ehmp>xitmf vical vXsfsftl

EcapiekqsfTpmf !yac Etvfyatfy<xiEtaRvikfrhmf pfrtpft camIkr

caRvassmf sHEmklaW\p<r Ecapitagfkfrikmf sfpnfTrIjat mfR]aq Ekamqmf

ttanmcfccfcviyjfw sJtfrkmf p<Ejaptanmf pfrsfRtakfyhsftmf niKwfci

Etatftanit paty<kfmmf sHtIrfkfkMrfvmfsMtkfrEvxmf p<jgfktlfpmf p<Rxmf

ttrfc '[fB pfrhfmava[v[f `pimaniyaAkyaEl, MFEy etadgfkiyW

pvitfta[f, ;vrf `FyaraAkyaEl `FEy etadgfki `Wpvitftarf. `v[f

k]fdvnnftrmf vixygfkAqy<mf k]fda[f, ;vrf vixygfkAqkf k]fFlrf,

tiRkfkml patmf vnfet[f k]f]i{qfq[, "k]fd k]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf

ka]aEv" '[fbarf. vIA]y<mf Aky<mayf Esvikfkib ;vrfkfK EcmMAd

nart[aRmf oRvAkkfK opfpakarf.

viqkfkmf - !hsftikiri mhatfmfymf '[fb W\lilf, kIEz uqfqT Epa[fB

pfrmfm[f kawfci vrtA[ `{pvitfta[f.

kfrIdEky>rk rtfn K]fdlmf

pfrlmfp Mkftam]i Ehmp>xitmf

vical vXsfsftl EcapiekqsfTpmf

!yac Etvfyatfy<xiEtaRvikfrhmf

pfrtpftcamIkrcaRvassmf

sHEmklaW\p<r Ecapitagfkfrikmf

sfpnfTrIjat mfR]aq Ekamqmf

ttanmcfccfcvi yjfw sJtfrkmf

p<Ejaptanmf pfrsfRtanfy hsftmf

niKwfciEtatftanit paty<kfmmf

sHtIrfkfkMrfvmf sMtkfrEvxmf

p<jgfktlfpmf p<Rxmf ttrfc

;t[f epaRqf - kfrIdmf, Etaqilf uqfq vAqkqf, rtf[ K]fdlgfkqf

Epa[fbfvbfAbkf eka]fdv[f, MtfTmaAl, rtf[gfkqf, epa[f ~kiyAv

uAdyv[f, `zka[ prnft tiRmarfpfpilf ekqsfTp m]i uAdyv[f,

!Etviyalf 'pfEpaTmf vasmf ecyfypfpdfd `zkiy tiREm[i eka]fdv[f,

uRkfkiy tgfkmf Epa[fb `zka[ pItamfprmf `]inftv[f, EmkAl mbfBmf

cilmfp<kQd[f PFy tiRvFkqf uAdyv[f, tamAryi[f t]fD Epa[fB

nI]fDmf ev]fAmya[Tmf ~kiy yjfEwapvItmf `]inftv[f, oR

tiRkfkrtfAttf tAlyA]yakkf eka]fdv[f, mbfebaR tiRkfkrtfAt

nIdfFypF uqfqv[f, oR pkfkmakcf cy[itfT virinfTqfq tiRvFkAqkf

eka]fdv[f, nI]fd EtaqfkAq uAdyv[f, ~tiEcx[f '[fb pDkfAkAy

uAdy p<RxA[ pfrmfm[f k]fda[f - '[fptaKmf. ~k pfrmfm[f `v[T

upask[ak uqfqtalf tiRMFyiliRnfT tiRvFvArkf k]fda[f, ;vrf

`Fyarak uqfqtalf tiRvFyiliRnfT `{pvitftarf. pfrmfm[f prmfepaRQd[f

ulk vixygfkAqy<mf EcrftfEt k]fda[f. ;vrf epriyepRmaAqtf tvir EvB

'tA[y<mf ka]vilfAl. `t[alfta[f - tiRkfkml patmf vnfet[f

k]f]i{qfq[ '[fBmf, k]fd k]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv '[fBmf -

Pbi[arf. nartrf Pd, vIA]y<mf Aky<mak uqfq ;vRkfK opfpilfAl.

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epriyazfvarf `vtartftilf `Wpvmf ;vrfkfK `rfcfcavtftiEl, `vrf

patkfkmlmf '[fbtfAt tiRkfkmlmf '[fbarf, pItkcfcibfbaAdeyaDmf '[fbAt

Àrcfcivnft ~Adyi[fEmlf '[fBmf, `zkiyv<nftiAy `yA[pf

pAdtftEtaerzilf unfti '[fBmf, pznftamfpalarftft utrtfAt tiRvyibfB

utrpnftmf '[fBmf, KRmam]ipfp>]f KlavitftikZmf tiRmarfAv tiRvarmarfv<

'[fBmf, `]fdMmf naDmf `dgfk viZgfkiy k]fdtfAt MbfBmf u]fd k]fdmf

'[fBmf, enyftftAl Enmiy<mf cgfKmf nilaviy AktftltfAt Akyi[arf

Cricgfk[lf ~ziyrf '[fBmf, ecnfeta]fAd vaAy ecyfyvayf '[fBmf, k]fkqf

;Rnftvaer[fbAt `pfepriyvay k]fkqf '[fBmf, uRv<kriy oqi

m]iv]f][f '[fbAt 'zilf nIlEm[i '[fBmf, Kzlfkqf ;Rnftva '[fbAt

TqvviAryarf kmzf nI]fMF '[fBmf `Rqicf ecyftarf. Ekavl[ayf

ev]fA]y<]fd vay[iEb epriyepRmaqf. ~Akyalf `Wpvtftilf ;RvRmf

sEkatfrikqayayftftiRpfpT. ;pfpF m[pfrIti pibkfKmfpF `{pvitft ~zfvaAr

;gfK m[pfrIti pibkfKmfpF (mnAv) '[fB m[sfsaEl EsvikfKmfpF

ecalflibfB.

viqkfkmf - epriyazfvarf k]f][i[f `vtartftiEl mygfkikf kidnftarf, ;vrf

epriyepRmaqi[f `rfcfcavtartftilf mygfki[arf. epriyazfvarf - patkfkmlmf -

'[fB PbiyAt, ;vrf - tiRkfkml patmf - '[fbarf. `vrf -

pItkcfcibfbaAdeyaDmf '[fbAt, ;vrf - Àrcfcivnft ~Adyi[fEmlf '[fBmf

- '[fbarf. `vrf - `zkiyv<nfti '[fbAt, ;vrf - `yA[pf pAdtftEtaerzilf

unfti '[fbarf. `vrf - pznftamfpalarftft utrmf - '[fbAt, ;vrf -

tiRvyibfB utrpnftmf '[fbarf. `vrf - KRmam]ipfp>]f KlavitftikZmf

tiRmarfv< - '[fbAt, ;vrf - tiRvarmarfv< '[fbarf. `vrf - `]fdMmf naDmf

`dgfk viZgfkiy k]fdmf - '[fbAt, ;vrf - MbfBmf u]fd k]fdmf '[fbarf.

`vrf - enyftftAl Enmiy<mf cgfKmf nilaviy Aktftlmf - '[fbAt, ;vrf -

Akyi[arf Cricgfk[lf ~ziyrf '[fbarf. `vrf - ecnfeta]fAd vayf -

'[fbAt, ;vrf - ecyfyvayf '[fbarf. `vrf - k]fkqf ;Rnftva - '[fbAt,

;vrf - `pfepriyvay k]fkqf '[fbarf. `vrf - uRv<kriy oqi m]iv]f][f -

'[fbAt, ;vrf - 'zilf nIlEm[i '[fbarf. `vrf - Kzlfkqf ;Rnftva

'[fbAt, ;vrf - TqvviAryarf kmzf nI]fMF '[fBmf `Rqicf ecyftarf.

Ekavl[ayf ev]fA]y<]fd vay[akpf epriyepRmaqf uqfqtalf,

tiRpfpa]azfvaRmf k]f][akEv epriyepRmaAq `{pvitftarf '[lamf.

~Akyalf, pkvtf `Wpvtftilf ;RvRmf oEr Epa[fB m[mf eka]fEd

;Rnft[rf. ;pfpFyaktf t[T m[tilf ;[fpmf pibkfKmfpF epriyepRmaAq

`{pvitft ~zfvaAr, ;gfK m[tilf ;[fpmf pibkfKmfpF `{pvitftAtkf

Pbi[arf.

tiRmAl nmfpi `Rqicf ecyft t[iy[f

kadfdEv k]fd patkml nlflaAd unfti

EtdfdRmf utr pnftmf tiRmarfv< k]fdmf ecvfvayf

vadfdmilf k]fkqf Em[i M[i "bitf t[ip<KnfT

padfF[alf k]fD vaZmf pa]rf taqf prviE[aEm

epaRqf - tamAr Epa[fb tiRvFkqf, civnft pItamfpr ~Ad, `zka[

etapfp>zf, mikv<mf `riyta[ Àrna]f, epriypiradfF `mRmf tiRmarfp<,

`zka[ kZtfT, civnft vayf, Ecarfv< ;lflat tiRkfk]fkqf, nI]fd tiREm

~kiyvbfBd[f PFy epriyepRmaAq, Elaksargfk[f '[fb M[ivri[f

Etaqfkqilf `mrfnfT ec[fB tiRpfpa]azfvarf v]gfki ~[nftmf Àdnftarf.

`nft ~[nfttfAt, t[T paCrgfkqf YMlmaktf etrivitfT mkiZmf

tiRpfpa]azfvari[f tiRvFkAqtf TtipfEpamak.

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`vtariAk

epriyepRmaAqpf pattiEkcanftmayf `{pvikfkpf epbfb pa]fepRmaAq

sfEtatfrmf p]f]i hrfxikfKmfpF ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - epriyepRmaAq, tiRvF etadgfki tiRMFvAr ni[fB

`{pvitft tiRpfpa]azfvaArtf TtitfT, m[mf ~[nftmf Àdy<mfpF ;nfttf

t[iy[f PBkibT.

vfyakfya[mf

(kadfdEv k]fd patmf) `rgfktftmfma[f tiRkfkmlpatmf vnfet[f

k]f]i{qfq[ evakfki[fbEv '[fB !rgfEkcypatpgfkjy<kmf '[fb

!rgfkraj cr]amfp<jgfkAqcf ecalfLkibT. (nlflaAd) `rgfktftmfma[f

ÀrcfcivnftvaAd '[fB rgfkTrnftr{Ady pItamfprtfAtcf ecalfLkibT.

(unfti) `rgfktftrvi[A]y[f `yA[pf pAdtftEtaerziLnfti '[fB

viticivnitama[ napIptfmtfAtcf ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - (kadfdEv k]fd patmf) - `rgfktftmfma[f tiRkfkmlpatmf vnfT

'[f k]f]i{qfq[ okfki[fbEv '[fBmf, !rgfkrajsftvtftilf (1-125)

!rgfEkcypatpgfkjy<kmf - `zkiyta[ epriyepRmaqi[f tamAr Epa[fb

tiRvFkqf - '[fBmf PbpfpDmf !rgfkraj[i[f tiRvFkqf PbpfpdfdT.

(nlflaAd) - `rgfktftmfma[f Àrcfcivnft ~Ad '[fB tiRvrgfktfAt

niymitftpF uqfqv[i[f pItamfprmf PbpfpdfdT. (unfti) - `rgfktf

trvi[A]y[f `yA[pf pAdtftT Orf 'zilf unfti '[fB pfrhfm{kfKmf

Rtfr{kfKmf kar]mak uqfq etapfp>zf PbpfpdfdT.

(EtdfdRMtpnftmf) EtdfdRmf tiblf Et[a[ et[f[rgfk{Ady Etdbfkriy

utrpnftmf. `rgfktftmfma[f tiRvyibfBtrpnftmf '[fB pdfdmfkiElatrpnftnmf

'[fbAtcf ecalfLkibT. (tiRmarfv<) `rgfktftmfma[f tiRvarmarfp< '[fB

lXfmIlqit kfRhma[ vXsftltfAtcf ecalfLkibT. (k]fdmf) `rgfknkrf

Emyvpfp[f MbfBM]fd k]fdmf '[fB !rgfkEntavi[f k]fdtfAtcf

ecalfLkibT. (ecvfvayf) `]iyrgfk[arf ecyfyvayf '[fB, `trmTramfEpajmf

'[fB `R]atr plflvtfAtcf ecalfLkibT. (vadfdmilfk]fkqf)

XE]ajfjfvlmayf `zla[iAyy<Ady tamArpf p>vilf vfyavfRtftmayf,

sAtkYRpmayf, `rgfktftml[f MktfTkf kriyvakipfp<Ad prnfT miqirfnfT

ecvfvriEyaF nI]fdvpf epriyvay k]fkqf '[fB vical sfpItaytfRcircicirtamfr

tvqma[ !rgfk pfr]yi nynapfjgfkAqcf ecalfLkibT. (Em[i) "vmfvitma[

tivfymgfkq vikfrhtfAt.

viqkfkmf - (EtdfdRmf utr pnftmf) - epRmaqf tiRemazi(2-1) EtdfdRmf

tiblf Et[a[ et[f[rgfk[f '[fB `Rqicf ecyftpF, yaraLmf 'qitilf

(tgfkqf Mybfciyalf) EtF Àdy ;ylat epa[f[ala[ Àrwa]f kyiB.

;tA[ ;nft ~zfvarf - `rgfktftmfma[f tiRvyibfBtrpnftmf - '[fB

`{pvitftarf. ;tA[Ey pracrpdfdrf rgfkraj sftvtftilf(1-115) -

pdfdmfkiElatrpnftnmf - epriyepRmaqi[f utrpnft[mf '[fpT `v{kfK

uqfq prtfv K]mf mbfBmf esqlpfy K]mf ~kiy ;r]fFbfKmf kdfdpfpdfd

pdfdmf - '[fbarf. (tiRmarfv<) - ~zfvarf `rgfktftmfma[f tiRvarmarfp< '[fB

PbiyAt pdfdrf rgfkraj sftvtftilf(1-111) lXfmIlqit kfRhMpaEs -

mhalXfmi viAqyaDmf '[fB Pbi[arf. (k]fdmf) - `rgfknkrf Emyvpfp[f

MbfBM]fd k]fdmf '[fB ~zfvarf `{pvitft !rgfknat[i[f tiRkfkZtfT

PbpfpdfdT. (ecvfvayf) - `]iyrgfk[arf ecyfyvayf '[fB ~zfvarf

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Murali

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`{pvitftAt, pdfdrf rgfkraj sftvtftilf(1-103) - `trmTramfEpajmf -

tiRpfpvqmf Epa[fb `zka[ tamAr mlrf '[fbarf. (vadfdmilf k]fkqf) -

cibiTmf kAqpfpbfbtayf, oRvitma[ VD uAdy tamAr mlAr vid

EvBpdfdtak, 'pfEpaTmf oEr Epa[fB uqfqtak, `rgfktftml[f MktfTkf

kriyvakipfp<Ad prnfT miqirfnfT ecvfvriEyaF nI]fdvpf epriyvay k]fkqf

'[fB PBvtbfK "bfbpF prnfTmf virinfTmf nI]fDmf `zka[takv<mf civpfp<mf

evQpfp<mf klnfT uqfq !rgfknat[i[f k]fkqf Pbpfpdfd[. (Em[i)

;pfpFpfpdfd tivfyma[ vikfrhtfAt

(M[iEybi) - Mnivahnrayf. (t[ip<KnfT) - ;nft mhaEpaktftiEl tamf

"krayf uqfp<KnfT. (padfF[alf) `{pvtfTkfKpf paCrmidfDpf Epci[

`ml[atipira[f '[fkib pfrpnfttfti[f padfDkfkqaEl `]fdrfEka[

]iyrgfkA[kf k]fD vaZmvrayftfT ;vrf. pi[fp< ;vfv{pvtfTkfK pdfdrf

Etcikra[arf. (k]fDvaZmf) kadfciEy vazfcfciyak vaZkib. (pa]rftaqf)

vI]apa]iyayfpf epriyepRmaqf tiRvFkfkIEz nirnftr EsAv p]f]ikfeka]fD

nibfkib tiRpfpa]azfvarf tiRvFkAq. (prviE[amf) sfEtatfrmf p]f]iE[amf.

`lpfylapma[T lpikfkv<mf epbfEbamf, ;[ieyaR KAbkQmilfAley[fkibT.

viqkfkmf - (M[iEybi) - Elaksargfk M[ivArtf t[T vak[makkf

eka]fD. (t[ip<KnfT) - epriyepRmaQAdy `{pvmf '[f{mf uyrfnft

Epakmf epbtf t[iyakcf ec[fB. (padfF[alf) - t[T `{pvtfAt

paCrgfkqakkf Pbiy `ml[atipira[f '[f{mf pfrpnfttfti[f paCrgfkqaEl,

`rgfkA[kf k]fD, `v[idEm vazfkibarf. ;nft `{pvtftibfK pracrpdfdrf

vzikadfFyaktf t[T rgfkraj sftvtftilf viqkfki[arf. (k]fD vaZmf) -

`rgfkA[kf ka]fpT mdfDEm t[T vazfkfAk '[f{mfpF uqfq ~zfvarf.

(pa]rftaqf) - ;vfvitmak vIA]y<mf Aky<mak epriyepRmaqi[f tiRvFkqi[f

kIzf, 'pfEpaTmf Akgfkrfymf ecyftpF uqfq tiRpfpa]azfvari[f tiRvFkAq.

(prviE[amf) - TtitftpF ni[fEbamf. ;t[alf 'qitilf epb ;ylat epRmfEpB

epbfEbamf. ;[i 'nftkf KAby<mf ;lfAl.

piqfAqElakmf jIyrf `Rqicfecyft

`ml[atipira[f t[iy[f vfyakfya[mf MbfbibfB.

53

Murali

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epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq `Rqicfecyft

`ml[atipira[f vfyakfya[mf

`vtariAk

pfrv]mf EpaEl `tisgfKcitmayiRtftlf, EvtMmf EvEtappfRmfh]ma[

mhapartMmf EpaEl prnfT TBpfp<kf PdayiRtftlf ecyfyaEt ptfTpfpadfdayf

sHkfrhmayf srfvatikarMmayiRkfKmf. EvEtappfRmfh]arftftay tavkfrahyt

pfrp<@ '[fBmf, Evtantfyapyamas mhapartpwfcman '[fBmf ecalfLkibpFEy

EvEtappfRmfh]ma[ mhapart ramay]gfkQmf, naray]ktamimamf

;tfyatikAqcf ecalfli AvtfT pkvtfkAt `lflatvbfAby<mf ecalfli

AvtftT.

viqkfkmf - `ml[atipira[f '[fb ptfTpf paCrgfkqf eka]fd ;nfttf

tivfypfpfrpnftmf - pfr]v mnftfrmf Epa[fB mikv<mf CRkfkma[T `lfl, Evtmf

Epa[fBmf, Evtgfkqi[f udfepaRAq viqkfkvlfl mhapartmf Epa[fBmf

mikv<mf viriva[Tmf `lfl, `A[vRmf p<rinfT ekaqfq ;ylatpF

kF[ma[Tmf `lfl, ;tA[kf kbfptbfKtf tKtiAy (`tikari) 'tirffparfpfpTmf

`lfl. ;ramay]mf - EvEtappfRmfh]arftftay tavkfrahyt pfrp<@ -

EvttfAt `vrfkqi[f critmf YMlmak vivripfptak valfmIki MFv< ecyftarf -

'[fbT. mhapartmf - Evtantfyapyamas mhapartpwfcman - Evtvfyasrf

_nftavT Evtma[ mhaparttfAt - '[fbT. ;pfpFyak uqfq

;ramay]Mmf, mhapartMmf, naray]ktamimamf - naray][i[f kAtkAqkf

Pbiypi[f, mbfb kAtkAqy<mf Pbi[. (;T Epa[fb KAb "Tmf

`ml[atipira{kfK ;lfAl, kar]mf ;nftpf pfrpnftmf naray]A[pf pbfbi

mdfDEm PBkibT '[fB kRtfT).

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Murali

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tiRvayfemaziy<mf `mrfCAvyayirmf, paEladMt[f[vayirmf, uArekaqi[femazi

'[fB "tmilayirmayiRnftEtyakiLmf `nfyapEtc sfvapEtcem[f[,

samanatikr]fy nirf]aykem[f[, tfriYMrftftisamfy tTtftIrf] ttfv

niExtem[f[ ;Av etadkfkma[ `RAmkAqy<AdtftayiRkfKmf,

tiRenDnfta]fdkMmf prpfpbfB MpfpT padfdayiRnfEtyakiLmf `TkfKmf

`vfvRAmkQ]fD, tiRmaAlkfK `vfvRAmkqilfAlEyyakiLmf tmfMAdy

lapalapYRpma[ pfriya pfriygfkAq pfrtipatiya nibfKmf, tiRpfplfla]fDkfK

;kfKbfbgfkqilfAlEyyakiLmf `TkfKemaR KbfbM]fD, tfrivitati

karikQAdy K]aK]gfkAq pfrtipatikfAkyaEl, pfr]vmf EpaEl `lfl.

`tisgfKcitmayf TrfjfEwymayiraAmyaEl ytihasfti ttnfytfr ynfEn

hasfti n ttfkfvcitf '[fkibpFEy ~yirtftiela[fBmf kdlilf KqpfpFy<mf

EpaEl p<bmfpilflatAveylflamf ;tiEly<]fdayf ;tililflat eta[fBmf

p<bmfpi[fbiEyyiRkfKmf.

viqkfkmf - tiRvayfemaziya[T, (1-3-11) - `mrfCAvyayirmf, (8-6-11) -

paEladMt[f[vayirmf, (6-5-3) - uArekaqi[femazi '[fbpF 'nftvitma[

EtaxgfkQmf `bfbtakEv uqfqT. ~[aLmf tiRvayfemaziyilf - prmatfma,

jIvatfma, YM[fB YMrftftikAqy<mf vid uyrfnft pfrhfmmf u]fD '[fpAttf

tqfQmf kRtfTkqf - Epa[fb pl cikfkla[ vixygfkqf u]fD, ~kEv

p<rinfT ekaqfQmf cikfklf u]fD. tiRenDnfta]fdkmf '[fpT tiRvayfemazi

Epa[fB virivak ;lflamlf uqfqEpatiLmf, MpfpEt padfDkqf uqfqtak

;RnftEpatiLmf, tiRvayfemazikfKkf Pbpfpdfd kF[tft[fAmkqf ;tbfKmf

uqfq[. tiRmaAlkfK EmEl Pbiy Etaxgfkqf ;lflatEpatiLmf, `tilf

~zfvarf t[kfK u]fda[ py[f KbitfT (`rgfkA[ `{pvit py[f '[lamf)

mkizfvTmf, ta[f M[fp< `{pvitft T[fpgfkqf KbitfT p<lmfp<vTmf

EtaxgfkqakEv uqfq[. tiRpfplfla]fFlf ;TEpa[fB 'nftvitma[

EtaxgfkQmf ;lfAl '[fbaLmf, `tbfKmf oR Etaxmf u]fD. `T

'[f[ev[fbalf - YM[fB vitma[ `tikarikqi[f (_cfvrfymf mdfDEm

viRmfp<pv[f, Akvlfymf viRmfp<pv[f, pkvtfcr]akti viRmfp<pv[f) K]gfkqf

pbfbikf PBvEt ~Kmf. EmLmf tiRpfplfla]fD pfr]vmf Epa[fB mikv<mf

cibitakv<mf ;lfAl.(`ml[atipira[i[f cibpfp< '[f[ '[fB PBkibarf)

mhapartmf - ytihasfti ttnfytfr ynfEnhasfti n ttfkfvcitf - ;nft

W\lilf PbpfpdfdAv mdfDEm mbfb W\lfkqilf uqfq[, ;tilf ;lflatT

mbfbtilf ;lfAl - '[fpT Epa[fB, ~yirmf '[fptilf o[fB `dkfkmf

'[fptakv<mf, kdlf nIrilf `A[tfT Kqgfkqi[f nIRmf uqfqT Epa[fBmf, mbfb

pfrpnftgfkqilf ;lflatTmf ;tilf uqfqtakv<mf, ;tilf ;lflatT mbfbvbfbilf

;lfAl '[fptakv<mf `AmnfTqfqT.

prvfy>hvipvgfkAq pfrtipatikfAky[fbikfEk `rfcfcavtarYREp] vnftv

tritfT tiRvrgfkpf epRnkRqf et]f]Irfpf epa[f[i tiArkfAkyalF vRdpf

pqfqi ekaqfQmf kRm]iAykf EkamqtfAtkf k]fD eka]fD, m]tfT\E]

pbfbi ni[fB vayar vazftfTkib pfrpnftmaAkyaEl 'lflapf pfrpnftgfkqiLmf

;pfpfrpnfttfTkfK AvlX]fyM]fD. mbfAbyazfvarfkqibf kadfFLmf ;vrfkfK

enDvaciy<]fD. plfla]fD, Epabfbi '[fB pavikfk Ev]fFbfB `vrfkQkfK.

`T Ev]fdaEt j[fmsitftmayftfT ;vrfkfK. Klgfkqay vIrir]fFela[fbiLmf

pibnftiEl[f '[fkibpFEy ;vrf tmfAm naL vrf]tftiLmf p<bmfpak

niA[tftiRpfprf. epriyepRmaQmf `pfpFEy niA[tftiRpfprf. nitfyVrikqf

naLvrf]tftiLMqfqarlflEr. ~zfvarfkqf ;RkAryrf '[f{mfpFyiEb

!eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf _kanftfymf. `vriLmf ;vrf pErapEtcMmf

;trnirs[Mmf `{pvviErati '[fB evBmf epriyepRmaAqEy `FtftAl

ecvfvitakv{pvikfkibarf.

viqkfkmf - namf ka] ;ylat pr, vfy>h niAlkAq mbfb W\lfkqf

PBki[fb[. `vbfAbpf Epa[fB `lflamlf namf k]fkqalf k]fD kqikfKmfpF

`rfcfAcyak epriyepRmaqf `vtritfta[f. ;pfpFpfpdfd `rgfkA[, epRmaqf

tiRemaziyilf KlEckrazfvarf - tiRvrgfkpf epRnkRqf et]f]Irfpf epa[f[i

tiArkfAkyalF vRdpf pqfqi ekaqfQmf kRm]iAykf EkamqtfAtkf k]fD

eka]fD, m]tfT\E] pbfbi ni[fB vayar vazftfti[arf. ;nftpf epRmaqf

55

Murali

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tiRemazi Epa[fB, `rgfkA[pf pbfbipf paDvtalf, mbfb pfrpnftgfkAqkf

kadfFLmf `ml[atipira{kfK miKnft cibpfp< u]fD. `t[alf mbfb

~zfvarfkfkAqkf kadfFLmf ;vrfkfKcf Em[fAm u]fD. `vrfkqf uyrfnft

Kltftilf `vtritfttalf plfla]fD '[fBmf, Epabfbi '[fBmf tgfkAqtf

tazftftikfeka]fD padEv]fFytak ;RnftT. ~[alf ;vrf pibpfpiElEy

tazfnft Kltftilf vnfttalf, t[fA[tf taE[ EmLmf tazftftipf padEv]fFy

`vciymf ;lflamlf EpayibfB. tiRcfcnftviRtfttftilf tiRmziAcyazfvarf -

Klgfkqay vIrir]fFela[fbiLmf pibnftiEl[f - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB, ;vrf

tmfAm na[fK vrf]gfkqiLmf EcratvrakEv ']f]iyiRnftarf.

epriyepRmaQmf ;vAr `pfpFEy niA[tftiRnfta[f. nitfyVrikqf 'vfvitmf

na[fK vrf]tftibfK udfpdfdvrfkqf `lflEra `T Epa[fB ;vRmf '[

epriyepRmaqf kRti[a[f. mbfb ~zfvarfkqf - ;gfK oR kalf, `gfK oR

kalf - '[fbpF, pl `rfcfcavtargfkAqpf paF[arfkqf. ~[alf

eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf nmfepRmaAq mdfDEm paF[arf. `vrT

(eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf) paCrgfkqilf - mbfbvrfkfK upEtcmf ecyftlf, mbfb

mtgfkAqkf k]fFtftlf - Epa[fb vixygfkqf ;Rnft[. Àv

epriyepRmaAq MZvTmak `{pvikfktf tAdyak uqfqAv ~Kmf.

'[Ev ;vrf `T Epa[fB ecyfyamlf, epriyepRmaAq tiRvF etadgfki,

tiRMFvAr `{pvipfpTd[f niBtfTkibarf.

sfEnEhaEmprm@, '[fb[qv[fbalf ya{Adyv[fp<, rajmfsfvyi ;Tta{mf

'[f[alf vnftt[fB, `Tv<mv[ti[f[REq. nitfymf pfrtixfFt@ ;[fb[fbakilf

mbfebaREpaT ekaDEpakiEbaem[f[, `gfg[f ecyfy<mt[fB. trfmiAypf pbfbi

vRkibtaAkyaEl ni[f[laliEl[fka]f '[f{maEpaEl. pkfticfc niyta

sfEnhmavet[f? pkftiyavet[fe[[f[ilf epRmaAqeyaziycf eclflaAm

pibnfT vfytiErktftilf MFnft ckfrvrftftiniAl sfEnhmf. pkftiyavT nilf

'[f[ KRxfv '[f{mfpFyayf MAbybinfT pbfbi[ ;AqyepRmaqf niAl.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfk[idmf t[kfKqfq `[fApkf PBkibarf) `{m[f ;ram[idmf

- sfEnEhaEmprm@ - '[kfK umfmidmf uqfq `[fp< mikv<mf cibpfpa[T -

'[fba[f, p>ttftazfvarf ;r]fdamf tiRvnftatiyilf(100) - '[fb[qv[fbalf

ya{Adyv[fp< - '[fbarf, `{m[f - rajmfsfvyi - `rcE[. u[f[idmf '[kfK

uqfq `[fp< '[fBmf uqfqT - '[fba[f. ;TEpa[fB '[kfKmf u[f mIT

uqfqT(tiRpfpa]azfvaRkfK `rgfk[f mIT). ;gfK oR Ekqfvi 'zlamf -

;nft `[fp< tamakEv ~zfvaRkfK u]fda[ta? tiRvayfemaziyilf(8-8-3) -

`Tv<mf `v[T ;[f[REq - '[fpT Epa[fB, ;nft niAl u[f[aEl

vnftT, '[f[alf "bfpdvilfAl - '[fbarf. ;nft `[fp< - nitfymf pfrtixfFt@ -

'pfEpaTmf niAlyak uqfqT - '[fbarf. ;gfK epriyepRmaqf ~zfvaridmf -

;[fB `lflamlf EvB oR naqilf umfAm prmptmf ÀztfTcf eclfEvamf -

'[fB Pbi[a[f. `tbfK ~zfvarf - `vfvitmf ec[fbaLmf u[fA[ viDtfT

'[f cinfAtya[T `gfK :DpdaT - '[fbarf. nmfmazfvarf (2-3-7) - ni[f[lalf

;El[f ka]f - umfAm vidfD na[f ;lfAl - '[fpT Epalf ;vrf niAly<mf

uqfqT. `{m[f ;ram[idmf - pkfticfc niyta - pkftiy<mf '[fBmf uqfqT

'[fba[f. ;gfK oR Ekqfvi - `[fp<mf pkftiy<mf EvBEvba? pkfti '[fpT

`vA[ vidfD `klamlf uqfq niAlEy ~Kmf. ;ramA[pf pirinft tcrt[f

uyirfvidfdT `[fp< kar]maKmf. ;ram[i ;lkfKv[idmf - nI ÈyatftiyiElEy

;Rpfpayak - '[fB Pbiy<mf, ;lkfKv[f - KRxfv - Akgfkrfymf

ecyfpv[ak ;RpfEp[f - '[fB pi[f etadrfnftT pkfti ~Kmf.

vIr t[fA[tf Etabfpitft TAb. umfMAdy vIrgfeka]fD p<bmfEp ev[fbIer[fB

;gfK evlflMFyT. ta{mf vIr[aAkyaEl Etabfpitft TAbAypf piFtfTpf

EpCkiba[f. paEva nanfytfr kcfcti - '[fA[ mIdfGrakiLmf '[f{Ady

enwfAc mIdfkpfEpakaT. `nfytfr - '[fkibT. mbfbara{M]fed[fparf

'[f{maEpaEl ekaDEpak niA[tft Etctfti[f EpRgfPdtf t[kfK

`shfymayiRkfkibpF. ;pfpF ramavtarmlfltbiyat tiRvFAypf

EpaElyayftfT ;vRmf, ;vrf Etvarma[ epriyepRmaAqylflaT

prvfy>hvipvgfkAq `biyatpF.

56

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viqkfkmf - `{m[f - vIr - vIrE[ - '[fB PBvt[f YMlmf ta[f ;ram[i[f

vIrma[ K]tftibfKtf EtabfbAt u]rftfTkiba[f. `v[f ;ram[idmf -

umfMAdy vIrtftalf viEratikAq nIrf vIzftftlamf, ~[alf umT pkft[a[

'[fA[ vizftft ;ylaT - '[fba[f. ta{mf oR cibnft vIr[aAkyaEl

;vfvitmf EpCkiba[f. paEva nanfytfr kcfcti - '[f m[mf EvB epaRqfkqilf

eclflaT - '[fptalf '[fA[ nIvirf ev[fbaLmf, '[T m[At evlfl

;ylaT - '[fba[f. prmptnat[i[f tiRnamtfAtkf Pd ucfcrikfk viRpfpmf

;lflat tiRmgfAkyazfvarf(cibiy tiRmdlf) - mbfbara{mf u]fed[fparf -

'[fB PbiyT Epa[fB, `{m{mf - `nfytfr - EvB ;dmf - '[fba[f. ~k

;ramA[ viDtfT EvB 'tA[y<mf viRmfpat `{m[f Epa[fB `rgfk[f

`lflaT EvB 'tA[y<mf viRmfpamLmf `biyamLmf ;vrT niAl ;RnftT.

epriyepRmaAq `lflamlf mbfb pr-vfy>h-vipvgfkAq ;vrf `biy

viRmfpvilfAl.

!AvK]fdmf tiRpfpabfkdlf tiRvvtarsftlmf uknftRqi[ tiRpfptikqf

;Aveylflamf epriyepRmaEqya[apfEpaEl `vfEvavidgfkqiL]fda[

esqnftrfy K]EcxfFtatikeqlflamf epriyepRmaqf pkfklilf ka]lamf.

epriyepRmaqzKmf _cfvrfyMemlflamf prmpttftiEl MKqitmayiRkfKmf,

`vtartftilf :riAlEpaRmf, ;gfEk vnft pi[fp< tAztftT. 'gfgE[ey[f[ilf

- epagfEkatcf Vzfnft p<v[iy<mf vi]f}lKmgfkaTmf EcaraEmyaqfki[fb

'mfepRma[f ecgfEkaLAdy tiRvrgfkcf eclfv[araAkyaEl

`vfEvavidgfkqf sgfKcitmayiRnfttiEb.

viqkfkmf - ;vfvazfvaRkfK !AvK]fdmf, tiRpfpabfkdlf, mTra Epa[fb

`vtar ;dgfkqf, mbfb `rfcfcavtar tivfy Etcgfkqf ~kiy `A[tfTmf

epriyepRmaqakEv Eta[fBki[fb[. ;T Epa[fB `nftnft ;dgfkqilf

ka]pfpDmf `zK Mtla[ plfEvB K]gfkAqpf epriyepRmaqidmf ka]lamf.

epriyepRmaqi[f `zKmf, _cfvrfyMmf prmpttftilf emadfdak mdfDEm

;RkfKmf. `vtargfkqilf o[fB-;r]fD ;Alkqf TqirftftT Epa[fB mdfDEm

;RkfKmf. ~[alf tiRvrgfktftilf mdfDEm tAztfT, mlrfnfT ka]pfpDmf.

'pfpF '[fbalf - nacfciyarf tiRemazi(11-3) - epagfEkatmf Vzfnft p<v[iy<mf

vi]f}lKmf `gfkaTmf EcaraEm ~qfki[fb 'mfepRma[f ecgfEkalf uAdy

tiRvrgfkcf eclfv[arf - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB epRAm ;gfK uqfqtalf,

mbfb ;dgfkqilf `Av cibitqEv ka]pfpDmf.

t[fA[y<knftaAr `{pvikfAky[fbiEy ta[f '[fbalf viMkrayiRpfpaRmf

k]fd{pvikfklamfpF ;RkfAkyaEl nIrfAmyi[alf vnft "bfbmigfEky<]fD.

K]atikfytftaElyiEb vsfTv<kfK utfkrfxmf. K]mf viAlepBvT

;gfEkyiEb. K]tftilkpfpdfdarf ;vfvixymf Epakfki `biyarfkqiEb.

viqkfkmf - t[fA[ mikv<mf viRmfp<pvrfkqf mdfDEm `{pvikfKmf ;dgfkqak

cil uqfq[(prmptmf Epa[fbAv). `pfpF `lflamlf, t[f[idmf mikv<mf :DpaD

;lflatvrfkQkfKmf :DpaD u]fdakfKmfpF t[f{Ady 'qiAmyalf vnfT

cy[itft "bfbmf tiRvrgfktftibfK u]fD. oR epaRqi[f uyrfv< '[fpT

`nftpf epaRqidmf uqfq K]gfkqalf `lflEva? ~[alf K]gfkqf uyrfv<

epBvT epriyepRmaqf YMlmak `[fEba? `v[T K]tftilf mygfkiyvrfkqf,

epriyepRmaAq `lflamlf EvB 'tA[y<mf `biyatvrfkqf `lflEva?

yEta vaEca nivrftftnfEt '[fB EvtgfkQkfekdfdat srfEvcfvrA[, ~bfbilf

t]f]IErapati ~bfBkfKqfEq k]fd{pvikfklamfpF ;RkfkibvidmiEb.

mAzkfk[fBvArME[nfTmf Amnft[fmTrvaba[ `vfvaB ;vfvabayftfTkf

ka}mf. ;vrf tmkfK pfrapfyRmf pfrapkRmf RcijnkRmf viErati

nivrftftkMemlflamf epriyepRmaEq '[fbiRkfkibarf.

viqkfkmf - AttftirIy up[ixtf - yEta vaEca nivrftftnfEt - vakfKmf

m[Mmf pfrhfmtfAt `qvid ;ylamlf tiRmfpi[ - '[fB PbiyT. ;pfpFpfpdfd

`nft srfEvcfvrA[, ;r]fD kaEvri ~bfbi[f nDvilf, `nfttf t]f]Irf

Epa[fB 'qitakkf k]fD `{pvikfKmfpFya[ ;dmf tiRvrgfkmf `lflEva?

tiRmaAlyilf(36) - mAzkfK `[fB vAr ME[nfTmf AmnftE[ mTr ~Eb

57

Murali

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- '[fB PbpfpDmf ;[iy ~B(kfRxf][f) `lflEva ;gfK epriyepRmaqak

uqfqT. ;pfpFpfpdfd epriyepRmaAqtf tiRpfpa]azfvarf t[f[alf

ÀdykfPFy pfrapfymay<mf, pfrapkmay<mf, ;vfvitmf ÀdvtbfK "bfb

RciAy(viRpfpmf '[lamf) viAqvipfptakv<mf eka]fdarf.

plEpakftfRtfvmf tmfmtayiRkfk 'lflamvEr '[fkibpF 'gfgE[ey[f[ilf

pfrtmsHkfRtMmf ta[ayf EpbfBkfK Ev]fDv[ nirfvhitfTpfEpanft

esqharftftMmf `tftAlyiEl kidkfAkyaEl, EpbfBkfK ;tftAlyiLqfqT

ecalflpfpatftmf EparatiEb uqfqT]fdakilf `{kfrhtfTkfK

EhTvamitftA[. ;tr vixygfkqilf `Rciy<mf pkvtf vixytftilf

`pfrtiExtMmf viAqnft ;mfmatfrtftiEl epriyepRmaqf tmfMAdy sfvYRp

YRp K]vip>tikAqkf kadfdkf k]fd{pvitfT pfrItrakibarf. ~nAynmf

hricfErxfd '[fB mharajAryidfD !vipIx]azfvaA[ `Rqf paFdfdapfEpaEl,

tazfcfci mbfebgfKmf tvirfnfT kAdtftAlyiRnfT vaZmf EcamfprayiRkfkib

Elaksargfk mhaM[ikAq `Rqf paFdfD, nmf paDEvaA[ ÀztfTkf

eka]fD vaRmf '[f[, `vRmf `RqfpadRqfpaD '[fB ecalfl, ;vRmf

`FEy[f `Fpfpa][Fpfpa][f '[fB ;bayfkfk, `vRmf vidaEt Etaqf EmEl

'ZnftRqpf p]f}vitfTkf eka]fDEpak, vziyiEl o[fpT padfDpfpaFtf

tiRpfpirmfp<kfKqfEq ni[fB ptftamf padfDpf paFtf tAlkfkdfDkibarf.

viqkfkmf - epriyepRmaAq ;vrf `{pvitftpF uqfqEpaT, À[tfTmf

epriyepRmaEq '[fB PBvT 'pfpF? epriyepRmaqf, t[f[idmf oRv[f vnfT

EcrfvtbfK uBpfpa[ Mtlf p<]f]iytfAt, `vE[ "bfpDtfti Avkfkiba[f.

EmLmf `vfvpfEpaT t[f[idmf Ect[{kfK uqfq uBti tqramlf niAl

niBtfTmfpFyak ~zma[ ndfApkf eka]fdpF uqfq t[fAm epriyepRmaqidmf

uqfqT. ~k epriyepRmaAq Àdy Ect[[idmf "Tmf ;lfAl '[fEb

Pbividlamf. `pfpF uqfqEpaT epriyepRmaqi[f `RQkfK oRv[f patftirmf

~vtbfK '[f[ kar]mf? ulk vixygfkqilf pbfB ;lflaAmy<mf,

epriyepRmaqf ;vA[tf t[f pkfkmf ;Zkfk MA[y<mfEpaT, ;v[f

tDkfkamlf ;RnftaLEm EpaTma[T. ;nft ;r]fAd mdfDEm mikv<mf

uyrfnftT '[fB epriyepRmaqf t[f{Ady sfvYRpmf, YRpmf, klfya]

K]gfkqf ~kiyvbfAb evqipfpDtftiviDkiba[f. ;tA[kf k]fD ~zfvarf

mikv<mf mkizfnfT Epakibarf. ~nAynmf hricfErxfd - va[rrfkqilf cibnft

CkfrIvE[, `vA[ ÀztfT va - '[fB CkfrIv[f YMlmak vipIx]A[

;ram[f Àztfta[f, `TEpa[fB tiRvayfemazi(3-2-4) PBvT Epa[fB -

tazfcfci mbfebgfKmf tvirfnfT - mbfb vixygfkqilf :Dpdamlf uqfqvRmf,

tiRmaAlyilf(38) PBvT Epa[fB - kAdtftAlyiRnfT vaZmf Ecamfprf -

Ekayilf eta]fFlf mdfDEm :DpdfdpF uqfqvRmf ~kiy Elaksargfk

mhaM[ivA[ `rgfk[f Àztfta[f, `vridmf - nmfAmpf paDpv[a[

tiRpfpa]A[ ÀztfTkf eka]fD vaRmf - '[fba[f. `vrf ~zfvaridmf

ec[fB - `RqpfpaD - '[fB epriyepRmaqi[f utftrAvkf Pbi[arf.

;tA[kf Ekdfd ~zfvarf - `FEy[f `Fpfpa][f `Fpfpa][f - '[fB t[T

tKtiAykf kadfF mBtftarf. ~yi{mf M[ivrf vidamlf, t[T Etaqfkqilf

~zfvaAr 'ZnftRqpf p]f]icf ec[fbarf. eclfLmf vziyilf ~zfvarf o[fpT

paCrgfkqf `Rqicf ecyftarf. epriyepRmaqf tiRM[fpak ni[fB ptftavT

paCrtfAtkf Pbi ;nftpf pirpnfttfAt niAbv< ecyftarf.

1. `ml[f ~ti pira[f `FyarfkfK '[fA[ ~qfpDtft

viml[f vi]f]vrfEka[f viAryarf epazilf Evgfkdv[f

niml[f ni[fml[f nIti va[v[f nIqfmtiqf `rgfktfT `mfma[f tiRkf

kml patmf vnfT '[f k]f]ilf uqfq[ okfki[fb[Ev

epaRqf - mikv<mf T\yfAmya[v[f, ;nft ulki[f kar]ma[v[f, '[kfK

À[tfTmf ecyfpv[f, mikv<mf tazfnft '[fA[ `v[T `FyarfkQkfKtf

eta]fd[ak mabfbiytalf u]fda[ mkizfcfci '[f{mf oqiy<Adyv[f,

nitfyVrikqi[f tAlv[f, nBm]mf vICmf EcaAlkqf niAbnft tiRmAlyilf

vacmf ecyfpv[f, '[f[idmf "Tmf 'tirfparamlf utv<mf epRAm uqfqv[f,

'[kfK utv<vAttf t[T EpB '[fb ']f]iypF uqfqv[f, 'jma[-`FAm

58

Murali

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ubv<MAb mabamlf ;RkfKmf prmpttfti[f nayk[f - ;pfpFpfpdfdv[f yarf

'[fbalf - uyrfnft tiRmtiqfkqf Vzfnft tiRvrgfktfti[f epriyEkayililf

k]fvqRmf `zkiym]vaq[f ~va[f. `v[T tiRvFtftamArkqf '[T

k]fkqilf ta[akEv vnfT p<Knft[.

nmfepRmaqf uAby>rilf kmlvlfli nacfciyaRd[f EsAv catikfkibpF

vfyakfya[mf

(`ml[f) - nitfysmfsariyayftf t]f]iyrayiRkfkib tamf kidfDAk

`tftAlkfK `vtfyem[fbiRnftarf. vnfT kidfF[ pi[fp< epriyepRmaQkfKpf

pibnft AvlX]fytfAtkf k]fD `ml[f '[fB eka]fdaDkibarf. `ml[f

'[fbT Ehy pfrtfynIke[[fbpF. `phtpapfmtfvatiK]gfkqf

~tfmav<kfK]fdayiRkfkcfecyfEty<mf Ehysmfpnftavhmayf, pkvtf

pfrsattftaEl u]fdak Ev]fFyiRkfKmf. ;v[f `gfg[[fbikfEkyiRkfAk.

viqkfkmf - 'pfEpaTmf smfsartftilf Cz[fbpFy<mf, tazfnft Kltftilf

uqfqvrakv<mf ;RnftpFyalf, ta[f epriyepRmaqidmf eclfvT `v{kfKtf

tazfAv "bfpDtftiviDmf '[fb ']f]i, `vA[cf ec[fbAdyamlf ;Rnftarf.

~[alf (epriyepRmaqi[f utftrvi[f Eprilf) epriyepRmaqidmf ta[f

ec[fbTmf, `v[T tiRMktftilf u]fda[ mkizfAvy<mf mlrfcfciAyy<mf k]fD,

`v[f Kbfbmbfbv[f '[fB p<kzfnftarf. `ml[f '[fb ptmf tazfv<kfK

'tirftdfdak uqfqv[f '[fb epaRqf `qipfptaKmf. prmatfmaAvpf Epa[fEb

jIvatfmav<kfKmf pavmf `bfbv[f Mtla[ t[fAmkqf u]fD, ~[alf jIv[f

eka]fDqfq udlf etadrfp< kar]mak `nfttf t[fAmkqf pkva[i[f `Rqalf

mdfDEm evqipfpDmf. ~[alf prmfepaREqa ;vfvitmf `nfttf t[fAmkqf

evqipfpd Ev]fFy `vciymf ;lflamlf, `vbfAb 'pfEpaTmf

evqipfpDtftiypFEy uqfqa[f.

59

Murali

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(`ml[f) Ctfte[[fbpF. ;v[f Ctft[aAkyavT ta[f oRtft[f

Ctft[aAky[fB, t[fE[aD smfptftitftaAry<mf Ctftrakfkvlfl `Fy<AdAm.

TyrB CdrFyiEb. pavnsf srfvElakanamf tfvmf "v rKnnftn '[f{maEpaEl.

(`ml[f) '[fkibT - j[fmvfRtftanftikqalf KAby ni[fb tmfAm

vixyIkritft pi[fp< t[fpkfklf Etaxmf tdfdaEt `ncfnnfnnfEya `picakcIti

'[fkibpFEy viqgfKkibpF. '[fk]f pacmf Avtft prwfCdrfcf EcatikfEk.

viqkfkmf - mikv<mf T\yfAmya[v[f. T\yfAm '[fpT, ta[f mdfDmf

'nftvitma[ KbfbMmf ;lflamlf ;RpfpEtaD `lflamlf, t[fA[

carfnftvrfkAqy<mf `vfvitEm mabfbvlfl tib[f eka]fdv[f '[fptaKmf.

;tA[ tiRvayfemaziyilf(1-1-1) - TyrB CdrF - '[fbarf. ;ramay]mf(utftr

ka]fdmf@82-9) - pavnsf srfvElakanamf tfvmf "v rKnnftn - rama. ;nft

ulkgfkqf À[tfAty<mf T\yfAmpfpDtft vlflv[f nIEy - '[fbT. EmLmf,

pibviyalf, oZkfktftalf mikv<mf tazfnft '[fA[, `v[f "bfBkf eka]fd

pi[f[Rmf, ta[f 'nftvittftiLmf tazfnfTvidamlf uqfqa[f. M]fdk

up[ixtf(3-1-1) - `ncfnnfnnfEya `picakcIti - k[iAy u]f]amlf

pfrkacmakEv uqfqT - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB uqfqa[f. ;T "[f '[fbalf,

nmfmazfvarf(3-3-4) - '[fk]f pacmf Avtft prwfCdrfcf EcatikfEk - '[fbarf.

(~ti) ~tIyt ;ti ~ti@ - sfpfRh]Iye[[fbpF. tmfAm vixyIkrikfAkkfK

`Fya[ae[[fB ~ti '[f[v<mamf. jktfkar]tfvatikAqcf ecalflv<mamf.

~k ;r]fD pttftaLmf EhypfrtfynIktfvMmf klfya]K]EyakMmf

ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - ~tIyt ;ti ~ti@ - À[vraLmf "bfkpfpDpv[f ~ti - '[fB

PbpfpdfdT. À[vraLmf viRmfppfpDpv[f ~va[f. t[fA[(~zfvaAr)

:DpDtftikfeka]fdtbfKkf kar]mak uqfqtalf ~ti '[fbarf. ;nft ulki[f

kar]mak uqfqtalf ~ti '[pfpdfda[f. ~kEv `ml[f mbfBmf ~ti ~kiy

;r]fD ecabfkqaLmf epriyepRmaqf tazfv<kqalf tI]fdpfpdamlf uqfqa[f

'[fBmf, tiRkfklfya] K]gfkqi[f ;Rpfpidmak uqfqa[f '[fBmf

u]rftftpfpdfdT.

(pira[f) - ;vfEvaniAlkAq '[kfkbivitft upkark[f. (pira[f) upkartfAtcf

ecalfli, ecalflpfpbfbaEm 'tftibmf '[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - `vA[pf pbfbi ;vfvitmak '[kfKtf (~zfvarf)

etriypfpDtftiyv[f, ;pfpFpfpdfd utvi ecyftv[f. EmLmf pl utvikQmf

ecyfytf tyarak uqfqv[f.

(`FyarfkfK) - rtfnharI c prftftiv@ '[fkibpFEy ;vfvsfTvi[f cIrfAmyaEl

;T nmfmqvildgfkaT, nmfmFyarfkfkamitftA[ey[fB `vrfkQkfkakfki

[ae[[fkibarf. (`Fyarf) - t[f pkfkliEl niXipftprrayiRkfKmvrfkqf.

viqkfkmf - ;ramay]tftilf - rtfnharI c prftftiv - ;rtfti[kfkbfkAq

uriAmy<d[f `rc[f 'DtfTkf ekaqfqlamf - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB '[fA[

uriAmy<d[f Akkfeka]fda[f. '[f[idmf '[f[ epRAm k]fda[f '[fB

'[kfKpf p<riyvilfAl, '[fA[tf t[kfK mdfDmf `lflamlf t[f{Ady

`FyarfkQkfKmf `FAmyakfki[a[f.

('[fA[yaqfpDtft viml[f) - t[f[iAdyadfdMmbiyatev[fA[tf

t[f[FyarfkfK Ecxp>t[akfki[ Ctfte[[fkibarf. ('[fA[) pfrkfRtikfkFAm

ecyfT Epanftev[fA[. tnft t[tfti[f cIrfAm `biyat '[fA[. ('[fA[) -

Ethatfmapimanikqf tI]fdatev[fA[. n[fAmkfKtf t[kfkvfvR

kilflatapfEpaEl tIAmkfK '[kfkvfvRkilflat '[fA[. (~qfpDtft) -

`vrfkEqaEd opfp>}]f] Avtftil[f. `vrfkQkfK Ecxmakfki[a[f. pkvcf

EcxtfvtftqviEl ni[fbalf mIqcgfAky<]fD, pakvt Ecxtfvtftqv<mf

ec[fbalf mIqpfEpakaEt. ukpfpaEl vRmtaAkyaEl. oR EXtfrmf ptfetdfD

60

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kfrymf ec[fbalf mIq virkilfAl. !vipIx]azfva{kfK MtlikQAdy

vixyIkarmf epRmaQAdy vixyIkartfTkfK MbfpdfdapfEpaEl ;vrfkfKtf ttIy

vixyIkarmf MbfpdfdpF. ttfRV@, ~nAynmf hri cfErxfd `gfK. ;gfK

ElaksargfkmhaM[ikAqpf Epayf ~zfvaAr ÀztfTkf eka]fD

vaRem[fba[f.

viqkfkmf - ('[fA[yaqfpDtft viml[f) - `v[T vixymf KbitfT "Tmf

`biyamlf uqfq '[fA[ `v[T `Fyarfkqi[f eta]fd[akfkiy T\yv[f

'[fbarf. ('[fA[) - ;nft ulk vixygfkQkfK mdfDEm `FAmyak ;Rnft

'[fA[. `v[f '[kfK `qitfTqfq eclfvtfti[f epRAm `biyat '[fA[.

('[fA[) - ;nft udAlEy ~tfma '[fB niA[kfKmf tazfnftvrfkqf Pd

oTkfKmf `qvibfKtf tazfnftv[a[ '[fA[. (~qfpDtft) - pkva[idmf

`FAmyak ;RnftalfPd nZv vayfpfp<]fD, ~[alf `v[f `FyarfkQkfK

`FAmya[alf nZv vayfpfpilfAl - kar]mf, ;nft niAl `v[f mIT

eka]fd ukpfpalf vRvtaKmf. vipIx]{kfK ;ram[i[f `biMkmf

kidfDvtbfK M[fpak, ;ram[i[f `Fyara[ CkfrIv[i[f `biMkmf kidfFyT.

;EtEpa[fB ~zfvaRmf epriyepRmaqidmf eclfvtbfK M[fpak `Fyari[f

`biMkmf kidfdpfepbfbarf. CkfrIv[idmf vipIx]A[ ÀztfT vRmfpF

'mfepRma[f ;ramay]tftilf Pbi[a[f. ;gfK ElaksargfkmhaM[ikqidmf

~zfvaAr ÀztfT vRmfpFpf p]itfta[f.

(`Fyarfkfek[fA[ ~dfpDtft) - ta[f Ecxitfvtfti{Ady 'lfAlyiEl

ni[fbapfEpaEl Ecxtfvtftie[lfAlyiEl '[fA[ Avtfta[f. (viml[f) - '[f

ciBAm paraEt ttIyrfkfK EcxmakfKAkyalf vnft oqjfvlfymf. 'tirikAq

trmfparaEt cIriyrf tnftamqviElyiEb ekaDpfpT.

viqkfkmf - (`Fyarfkfek[fA[ ~dfpDtft) - 'jma[tft[tfti[f 'lfAlyak

`v[f uqfqT Epa[fB '[fA[kf Akgfkrfytft[tfti[f 'lfAlyilf Avtfta[f.

(viml[f) - '[f{Ady tazfAm "Tmf paramlf `v[T `FyarfkQkfKkf

Akgfkrfymf ecyfy<mfpF AvtftT `v[T oqjfvlfy K]mf. vnftvrfkqf

viEratikqayi{mf n[fAm ecyfvT nlflvrf K]mf `[fEba?

(vi]f]vrfEka[f) - ~qilflatv[f kiGrf ;pfpF vixyIkritfta[f. nitfyVrikqf

'DtfTkf AknIdfDmfpF ;Rkfkibv[f kiGrf ktirf epaBkfki jIvipfpaArpfEpaEl

nitfysmfsariyayiRkfkibev[fA[ nitfyMkftEraedakfk vixyIkritfta[f.

;vfevqtarfymf kbfbTmf `vrfkEqaEd kiGer[fBmamf. `sfmapisfTlfEyapvT

'[fbarfkqiEb. (vi]f]vrfEka[f) - ;gfKtfAtkf KzatfAteyaziy

`gfKtfAtkf KzatfAty<mf kadfFtftnfta[f. ud[f PDvet[fB ekaEla

'[fB ;vrf ~AcpfpdEv]fDvtilfAl. (Eka[f) - `vrfkqaLmf 'lfAl

ka]eva]f]aT. (viAryarf epazilf Evgfkdv[f) - primqmf niAbnftiRnfTqfq

EcaAlAyy<Ady tiREvgfkd mAlAyy<Adv[f. epriyepRmaAqpf

padanibfktf tiRmAlyiEl Epavae[[fe[[f[ilf - oRvA[kf kvipaDmfEpaT

`v{Ady vrtfTcfecalfliyiEb kvipaDvT. prmpttftilf ni[fBmf

!mTAryiEl tgfkitf tiRvayfpfpaFkfK vnftapfEpaEl, !AvK]fdtfti[i[fBmf

tiRmAlyiEl tgfkikfka}mf EkayiLkfK vnftT '[fB pdfdrRqicfecyfy<mfpF.

`[fbiEy, Ekayilf EpakfyAt tmkfK nilmlflaAmyaEl tiRmAlyiElEpayf

trikfkpfparfkfkibaer[fBmamf. (viAryarf) - nitfysJrikAqy<Ady[avTkfK

EmEl Orf _cfvrfymf.

viqkfkmf - (vi]f]vrfEka[f) - ;vfvitmf tazfnftv[a[ '[fA[ `v[f pkfkmf

EcrftftT EvB yaRmf kidfdaAmyala? `lfl. nitfyVrikqf plRmf Vz

uqfqv[f `v[f. `[fbadmf jIv[tfTkfkak enlf EckritftpF uqfqv[f

Epa[fB, '[fBmf smfsartftilf cikfkiypF uqfq '[fA[, nitfyMkftrfkQd[f

Ecrftfta[f. ;ramay]mf y<tftka]fdtftilf - `sfmapisfTlfEyapvT - CkfrIv[f

;ram[idmf vipIx][f nmT n]fp[ak ;RkfkdfDmf - '[fB Pbi[a[f.

'mfepRma[f, '[fA[ nitfyVrikQd[f EcrftfT AvkfKmf oqtarfy K]tfAt

CkfrIv[idmiRnfT kbfba[f EpaLmf. ;gfKqfq `FyarfKzamf mdfDmf `lflamlf,

prmpttftilf uqfq `FyarfKzatfAty<mf kadfF[a[f. nmfmazfvarf

61

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tiRvayfemaziyilf (2-3-10) - ud[f PDvT '[fB ekaEla - '[fB "gfkiyT

Epa[fB tiRpfpa]azfvarf ~AcpfpdkfPd Enrmf ;lflatpF EcrftfT Avtfta[f.

(Eka[f) - `nft nitfyVrikqaLmf ;v[T K]gfkAqpf pbfbiy 'lfAlkqf

ka] ;ylatpF uqfqv[f. (viAryarf epazilf Evgfkdv[f) - primqmf kmZmf

EcaAlkqf 'gfKmf Vzfnft ;dmakiy tiREvgfkdmAlAytf t[T

;Rpfpidmak uqfqv[f. ;gfK Orf _ymf "bfpdlamf - epriyepRmaAqpf pbfbipf

paFkfeka]fDqfqEpaT, tiGer[ tiRmAlAypf pbfbikf PBvT "[f -

;vfvitmf pdfdridmf oR cilrf Ekdfd[rf. `tbfKpf pdfdrf - oRvA[pf pbfbikf

PBmfEpaT `v[f 'gfkiRnfT vnftv[f '[fB p<kzfnfT PBvT vzkfkmf.

prmpttftiliRnfT p<bpfpdfD mTra nkrilf tgfki, pi[f[rf tiR~yfpfpaFkfK

vnfta[f. `T Epa[fB, !AvK]fdtftiliRnfT p<bpfpdfD, tiRmAlkfK vnfT,

tiRvrgfktfTkfK vnfta[f - '[fbarf. `lflT tiRvrgfkpf epriyEkayilf

t[f[alf 'qitakcf ec[fB `{pvikfk ;ylamlf uqfqtalf, tiRmAlkfKcf

ec[fB uyirf trikfkpf parfkfkibarf. (viAryarf) - nitfyVrikqf '[fb epRmf

_cfvrfymf uqfqv[f, `vrfkAq vid ;vAr uyrfnft _cfvrfymf '[fB

ekaqfpv[f.

(vi]f]vrfEka[f viAryarfpfepazilf Evgfkdv[f) - ~bfbiEl `ZnfTvarf

~zgfkaliEl ;Aqpfpabtf EtDmaEpaEl `vrfkQmf vnfT `FAm

ecyfy<midmf. (Evgfkdv[f) - `rfcfcavtartfTkfKpf epabfkalf epaliyvidfdvidmf.

(niml[f) - ;tftAlyilf `rftftitfvMmf Pdvi[fbikfEkyiRkfk, ;pfpF

upkrikfAkyalf vnft oqjfvlfymf. ;v{mf OrFyidpfparftftiraetaziAk.

`citfvyavfRtftiyaEl OrFyidfdaR]fdakilf ptfpfyampik macfAcv

sfEnhsnftrfcEnnc. (ni[fml[f) - ;tftAlkfK upkritfta[a

yiRkfAky[fbiEk t[f EpbayiRkfAk. `ml[f '[fB t[kfkakfki[pF, viml[f

'[fB t[f[Fyarfkfkakfki[pF, niml[f '[fB na[f pcfAcyidatiRkfk

'[fkarfymf ecyftae[[fkibarf. (ni[fml[f) - ;T t[f Epbakcf

ecyftae[[fkibarf. kfRtfkfRtfysfttaram@ '[fkibpFEy.

(nItiva[v[f) - EcxEcxitfvgfkqf MAbmabat nitfyvip>tiyiEly<qfqv[f.

:cfvErahmf '[fB 'tiridfFRkfKmidmiEb ;vfvidmf, `gfK klkfKvaRmilfAl,

klgfKvaRmilfAl, ;gfK klkfKvaRM]fD, klgfKvaRM]fD.

(nIqfmtiqrgfktftmfma[f) - nItiva[v[f '[f[a, nI]f mtiqrgfktftmfma

e[[fkibarf, `qpfpriyvarMAt `rgfkEmyvnft]A[ '[f{maEpaEl

(nI]fmtiqf) - rXktfvtfTkfKpf EpaRmfpFya[ mtiAqy<Ady epriyEkayiliEl

k]fvqrfnftRQkib prmEcxi. (`mfma[f) - :rrC tvirftftaliEb Ecxitfvmf

p>rf]mavT. tiRmAlyilf EpakfyAt nilmlflaAmyaEl mIqv<mf EkayiliEl

p<Kkibarf. evqfqtfAtkf kqfqmAdyaEl pqfqtfEt viDmaEpaEl,

tiREvgfkdMAdya[f vdkfKtf tiRvaclaEl vnfT p<Knfta[tftA[

'[fBmamf. (tiRkfkmlpatmf) - ecvfviy<mf Kqirftftiy<mf vikasMmf primqMmf

etadkfkma[Av.

viqkfkmf - (nItiva[v[f) - 'jma[[f-`FAm '[fb MAb mabamlf uqfq

prmpttftilf uqfqv[f. ;nftpf p>miyilf mdfDEm - :cfvErahmf - naE[ :cfvr[f

- '[fB vatmf ecyfy<mf t[fAm uqfqT. prmpttftilf ;T Epa[fb tvba[

kRtfTkfkqf eka]fD yaRmf mykfKvTmf ;lfAl, `vfvitmf mygfKpvrfkQmf

;lfAl. ~[alf ;nftpf p>miyilf ;T Epa[fb tvba[ vatgfkqf eka]fD

nmfAm mygfkcf ecyfpvrfkQmf u]fD, ;nft vattfti[alf mygfKpvrfkQmf

u]fD. (nI]fmtiqf `rgfktfT `mfma[f) - nItiva[v[f '[fpTd[f nilflamlf

nI]fmtiqf `rgfktfT `mfma[f '[fbarf. (nI]fmtiqf) - kapfptbfKpf p>r]ma[

mtiqfkAqkf eka]fd tiRvrgfkmf epriyEkayililf k]fvqrfkfki[fbv{mf,

`A[vRkfKmf 'jma[{mf. (`mfma[f) - ;R `rcrfkqf ~dfci ecyftalf,

oRv[f mdfDEm MZAmya[ 'jma[[f '[fB 'vfvitmf Pb ;yLmf?

`TEpa[fB ;gfK tiRmAly<mf, tiRvrgfkMmf PbpfpDmfEpaT,

epriyepRmaEq 'jma[[f '[fB 'vfvitmf Pb ;yLmf? tiRmAlyilf ;[iAm

niAbvak ;lflat kar]tftalf, mI]fDmf epriyEkayiLkfEk vnfT viDkibarf.

(tiRkfkmlpatmf) - `zK, Kqirfcfci, nBm]mf ~kiy `A[tfTmf pibkfKmf

;dmak uqfq tiRvFkqf.

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Murali

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~titfyA[kf k]fdaliEb tamArylRvT, ;tftamArkfK ~titfy[f ;vrf.

piradfF tiRMAltftdgfkqiLmf tiRkfk]fkqiLmf obfbikfekaqfQmf tiRvFkqf.

;vRAdy tqirfp<Ary<mf tiRvFkqiRkfkibpF. (`mfma[f tiRkfkmlpatmf) -

etadrfnfT vRAkkfK pfrapfti. (vnfT) - tfvIpanftrtftilf crkfKcf

EcrEv]fF[alf patipfpati vziyakiLmf vRtlf, oRtAlpfpbfBtlf

ecyfyEv}miEb, `gfg[[fbiEy, vnfT[tFEy[f m[mf p<Knftayf '[fkibpFEy

vzivnfta{mf taE[, pbfbi[a{mftaE[ '[fkibT. (nItiva[v[f-kmlpatmf-'[f

k]f]i{qfq[) - statrfcnmf p]f}kibvrfkqf k]f}kfkilkfka[TkiGrf '[f

k]f}kfkilkfkakibT. vlfltA[ naQmf viEratmf p]f]iE[[f,

EpakfkbfbvaEb '[f k]fA]cf ecmfpqitfEt[f, etadrfnfT vnfT ecmfpqitft

k]fA]y<BtfT uqfEq p<KnfT nibfAkyaEl '[f k]f]i{qfq[ '[fkibarf.

`[fbiEy tmf k]f]aEl parfkfAk `vtfyem[fB k]fA]cf ecmfpqitftarf,

k]f]i{qfEq pfrkacikfktf etadgfkibfB.

viqkfkmf - VriyA[kf k]fdalf tamAr mlrfvT ;ylfp< `lflva?

tamAryakiy 'mfepRma[i[f tiRvFkqf mlrfvtbfka[ Vriy[ak ~zfvarf

uqfqarf. ;nfttf tiRvFkqf epriypiradfF t[T sft[gfkqiLmf,

tiRkfk]fkqiLmf obfbikf ekaqfQmf tiRvFkqf ~Kmf. (vnfT) - oR tIvilf

uqfqvrfkqf tgfkQkfK "bfb epaRqf Ev]fDmf '[fbalf, nadfFlf

uqfqvrfkAqkf kdlilf pati T\rmf vrcfecalfli, tagfkqf patiT\rmf vnft,

epaRqfkAqpf epBvrf. ;gfK `pfpF ;lfAl. epriy tiRemazi (3-5-1) -

vnfT[tFEy[f m[mf p<Knftayf - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB, ta[akEv vliy

vnfT, ;vArpf pbfbv<mf ecyfta[f. 'pfEpaTmf tricitftpF uqfq nitfyVrikqi[f

k]fkQkfK ;lkfkak uqfqv[f ;[fB '[f k]fkQkfK ;lkfka[a[f.

~yi{mf `tA[kf ka]amlf ovfevaR naQmf tkat ecylfkAqEy

ecyfEt[f. `T mdfDm[fbi '[T k]fkAq YMFkf ekaqfqv<mf ecyfEt[f.

~[alf `v[f YMFy '[T k]fkAq vliytf tibnfT uqfEq p<KnfT ni[fba[f.

`lflT EvB epaRQmf Pblamf. `vA[pf parfkfktf t[kfKtf tKti ;lfAl

'[fB k]fkAq YMFkfeka]fdarf, ~yi{mf `v[f YMFy k]fkqi[f uqfEq

pfrkacitfta[f.

(okfki[fb) - pfrEyajnmf ;r]fD tAlkfKmf otftira ni[fbT. `gfKtfAtkfK

cIlsitfti, ;gfKtfAtkfK sfvYRpsitfti. (okfki[fb) - pfrtfyX smanakar

mayiRnftet[f{tlf. '[f k]f}kfkilkfka[ vidtftiLmf pAzy niAl

KAlyatiRnftet[f{tlf. smfcarikAqpf parftfT ugfkQkfKmf okfKEma

ev[fkibaratlf. ;nft lapmf `tftAlkfKmf okfKEmaev[fkibaratlf.

viqkfkmf - (okfki[fb) - ;vrf 'mfepRmaA[ Àdnftt[f YMlmf

;RvRkfKEm py[f u]fda[T. ;vrf `vA[ Àdnftt[f YMlmf, `v[T

cIl K]tfAt ulkibfK evqipfpDtfTmf vayfpfp< `v{kfK u]fda[T.

;vRkfK t[f{Ady sfvYRptfAt `binfT ekaqfqkfPFy vayfpfp<

u]fda[T. ;vrf t[f{Ady m[tarkf k]fdAtEy, t[T k]fkqilf `v[f

ni[fba[f '[fB PBkibarf. tazfva[f t[T k]fkqilf p<Knft pi[f[Rmf, t[T

pAzy epaliv< mabamlf uqfqa[f. smfsarikqidmf - ugfkQkfK ugfkqf ulk

vixytftilf "bfpDmf niAlya[T, ;nft u[f[t niAlAy 'dfDma - '[fbarf.

(`ml[f) - uyrfvb uyrf nlmf uAdyv[f. (~ti) - yv[f. (pira[f) - myrfvb

mtinlmf `Rqi[a[f. (`FyarfkfK) - pyiLmf Cderaqi. (vi]f]vrfEka[f) -

`yrfvBmf `mrrfkqf `tipti. (vnfT) - `vrf etaZetZ '[fbarf, ;vrfkfK

Àv taE[ vnfT ni[fb[.

viqkfkmf - (`ml[f) - t[fA[ vid uyrfnftT '[fB "Tmf ;lflatv[f.

(vnfT) - nmfmazfvarf À[vridMmf, `v[T tiRvFkAqcf ec[fB

etazEv]fDmf '[fbarf. ;vRkfEka `nfttf tiRvFkqf tamakEv vnfT 'tiEr

ni[fb[.

63

Murali

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2. uvnft uqfqtft[ayf ulkmf `qnfT `]fdMb

nivrfnft nI]fMFy[f `[fB Enrfnft nicacrArkf

kvrfnft evmf kA]kf kaKtft[f kFyarf epazilf `rgfktftamfma[f

civnft ~Adyi[f Emlf ec[fbtamf '[f cinftA[Ey.

epaRqf - '[fA[tf t[T `Fyarakkf eka]fdtalf mikv<mf mkizfv<d[f

uqfqa[f. YM[fB ulkgfkAqy<mf t[T tiRvFyalf `qnfT 'Dtfta[f. `nft

Enrtftilf, `]fdtfti[f 'lfAlAy 'dfDmfpFyak uyrftftiy<Ady tiRMFAykf

eka]fda[f. M[fp< oR kaltftilf, ;ram[ak ni[fB, t[fA[ 'tirftfT vnft

`rkfkrfkqi[f uyiArtf t[f{Ady ekaFy `mfp<kqalf kvrfnfta[f.

;pfpFpfpdfdv[f ;[fB `zka[ EcaAlkqf Vzfnft tiRvrgfktftilf

k]fvqrfkiba[f. `v[T `zka[ ;Dpfpilf kdfdpfpdfd pItamfprtfti[f mIT

'[f{Ady niA[va[T niAl ni[fbT.

~zfvarf PBvT Epa[fB civnft pdfdaAd cabfbikfeka]fD cinfAt kvRmf

nmfepRmaqf

64

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`vtariAk

MtbfpadfFlf `v[f etadrfnfT vnftpF eca[f[arf. ;pfpadfFlf tamf Emlf

viZnftpF ecalfLkibarf. tiRvFkqiEl etadrfnft tiRv<qfqmf

tiRpfpriyvdfdtfti[f Emlf EcrfnftpF 'gfgE[ey[f[ilf, ta[binfT Ecrilf

vixytfti[f EpakfyAtkfKkf Kbfbmamf. ~AkyaEl EpakfyAt

`qv<pdfdTmlfl, ~Ac tAlmFnftTmlfl, kdElatmf kiqrftAl kpfp<kfkalf

uqfEq kidnftetaR TRmfp< kdAl `qvidfdllflEv kArEyBvT. oR

tiAr oR tiAryiEl "b vICmtftA[yiEb.

viqkfkmf - kdnft paCrtftilf, `v[f ;vArpf pi[f etadrfnfT vnftAtkf

Pbi[arf. ;nftpf paCrtftilf, ta[f `v[f pkfkmf ec[fB viZnftAtkf

PBkibarf. tiRvFkAqkf PbiypF ;Rnft ;vrf, tiGer[ ;Dpfpilf uqfq

~AdAypf pbfbikf Pb vnftT "[f? ta[akEv ovfevaR pKtiyakpf

epriyepRmaAq `{pvitftiRnftalf, `vbfbi[f ;[iAmkfKkf KAb

"bfpdlamf. ~Akyalf tiRvFkqi[f mIT ;vRkfK ;[iAm KAbnfttalf,

`DtfTqfq ~Adyi[f mIT ;vrf k]fkqf ec[fbT '[fpT `lfl. kdlilf

Àlkqf vICmfEpaT, `t{qfEq uqfq cibiy epaRqa[T, Orf

ÀlyiliRnfT mbfEbarf ÀlkfKtf tqfqpDmf `lflEva? kdlf MZvTmak

`binfT eka]fd pi[f[Er `nftpf epaRqf kArEyBmf '[fptlfl. `TEpa[fB

;vRmf epriyepRmaqi[f '[fb kdlilf cikfki, `v[T `zka[ uBpfp<kqf

'[fb pl Àlkqalf `gfKmigfKmf tqfqpfpDkibarf '[fB kRtfT.

vfyakfya[mf

(uvnftv<qfqtft[ayf) - ~zfvaAr `kpfpDtfTAkyalf vnft pfrIti,

srfEvcfvr[ayf !y@ptiyayf `vapftsmsft kam[ayiRkfkibv[f `rftftiyayf

vnfT, t[f tiRvFkAqtf tAlyiEl Avya ni[fbalf mtIy Ymrftftanm

lgfkrixfyti '[fB ukkfk Ev]fFyiRkfk, Àvybiyaetaziy pfrAj palf

KFkfkkfk]fD ukkfKmf mataAvpfEpaEl uknft tiRv<qfqtfAt

uAdyv[ayf. ;vbfAbpf pirinftalf vfysnMmf t[f[EtyiEb vfysEnxH

m{xfya]amf pfRcmf pvti '[fkibpFEy.

viqkfkmf - (uvnftv<qfqtft[ayf) ~zfvaArtf t[kfK vcpfpDtftiy

kar]tftalf u]fda[ mkizfcfciyilf uqfqv[f. srfEvcfvr{mf, epriypiradfFyi[f

nayk{mf, t[T viRpfpgfkqf À[tfTmf niAbEvbpf epbfbv[ak

uqfqv{mf ~kiy epriyepRmaqf, yackmf epBpv[ak vnfT t[T

tiRvFkAq À[vrf tAlyiLmf Avtfta[f. `vfvitmf AvtftEpaT,

~qvnftarf sfEtatfr rtf[tftilf (31) - mtIyYMrftfna mlgfkrixfyti - u[T

tiRvFtftamArkqf 'pfEpaT '[T tAlAy `lgfkrikfkpf Epaki[fb[ -

'[fB "gfkiy niAl nmkfKkf AkPFyT `lflEva? ~k namf `lflEva

mkiz Ev]fDmf? mabak ;v[f mkizkf kar]mf - '[fA[ ;vrfkqf tgfkqf

`biyamlf evBkfkamlf ;Rnft[Er - '[fB ']f]i, t[f[idmf palf KFkfKmf

KznfAtAykf k]fD tayf mkizfvT Epa[fB, ;v[f mkizfnfta[f. namf `vA[

vidfDpf pirinftalf, t[f{Ady uAdAmkAq ;znfEtamf '[fB `v[f

`lflEva T[fpmf ekaqfkiba[f? ;ramay]mf (Èyatfya ka]fdmf 2-40) -

vfysEnxH m{xfya]amf pfRcmf pvti - m[itrfkqi[f T[fpmf k]fD,

T[fppfpDmf m[itrfkAq vid `tikmak ;ram[f Tyrmf ekaqfkiba[f - '[fbT

ka]fk.

(ulkmqnfT) - vKtft tiRvFkqf tAlyiEl vnftiRnftaLmf ukkfkvbiyat

ElaktfAtkf kiGrf ta{mf vidaEt `qnftT. ukkfkvbiyaAmkfK

v[fmaAvymiEb. K]aK] niYRp]mf p]f]aEt 'lfElarf tAlyiLmf okfktf

tiRvFkAq AvtftpFyaEl, pkftima[fkQmf patkikQmf okfk vazfnfT

EpayftfT.

65

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viqkfkmf - (ulkmqnfT) - tgfkqT 'jma[[f tiRvFkqf tgfkqf tAlyilf

vnfT ni[fbEpaT `tA[kf k]fD ;nft ulkilf uqfqvrfkqf ukpfp<

Àdyamlf ;Rnft[rf. ;vfvitmf ;vrfkqf uqfqEpatiLmf - na[f

AkvidmadfEd[f - '[fB uBti eka]fD `lflva `qnfta[f? "[f ukpfp<

Àdyamlf ;Rnft[rf? tiRvayfemazi (3-2-2) - v[fma - PBvT Epa[fB

;nft ulktfti[rf mikv<mf vliAmya[ m[mf eka]fdvrfkqak uqfq[rf.

`vfvitmf t[T tiRvFkAq AvtftEpaT - nlflv[a, tazfnftv[a -

'[fB ~rayamlf À[vri[f tAlyiLmf oEr Epa[fB t[T tiRvFkAq

Avtfta[f. ;t[alf `v[f mIT pkfti eka]fdvrfkqf, pavmf ecyftvrfkqf '[fb

Eptmf ;lflamlf, À[vRmf cibpfpa[ vazfv< epbfb[rf.

(`]fdMb nivrfnft nI]fMFy[f) - `]fdkdahtftiEl ec[fB Ecrfnft

tiRvpiExktfAt uAdyv[f. `]fdkdahmf evFtfT Àdkdfd

Ev]fDmfpFyiEb ÈpXitmf epbfB vqrfnftpF. (`]fdMb) - `]fdmf

EmaAzeyz.

viqkfkmf - (`]fdMb nivrfnft nI]fMFy[f) - pfrmfma]fdtfti[f 'lfAlvAr

ec[fB vidfd tiRMFAy uAdyv[f. ulktfAt `qnfT mI]fDmf 'DtfTkf

ekaqfqEv]fDmf '[fb t[T viRpfpmf niAbEvbiy kar]tftalf tiRvayfemazi

(7-4-1) - `]fdmf EmaAzeyz - '[fB PBvT Epa[fB, `]fdmf evFtfT

vidaT tDkfkEv]fDmfpF `lflva ;v[f uyrfnfta[f.

(nivrfnft) - nimirfnft p>vlrfnftapfEpaEl. (nI]fMFy[f) - upyvip>tikfKmf

nirfvahe[[fB EtabfBmfpFyiRkfkib tiRvpiExktfAty<Adyv[f.

rXfyvrfkfktfAt Enakfki[aliEb rXk[f MFtripfpT. (`[fbitfyati) - k]fd

kadfciyiEl jitmf '[f[ Ev]fDmfpFyiRkfKmv[iEb. 'tiridfd ApylfkAq

MFkfAkkfK evvfviy crtfAty<Ady ckfrvrftftitf tiRmk[f.

viqkfkmf - (nivrfnft) - `zka[ mlrf mlrfnftT Epa[fB nimirfnft. (nI]fMFy[f)

- nitfyvip>ti, lIlavip>ti ~kiy ;r]fF[f ckfrvrftfti ;vE[ '[fB

`bivikfKmf vitmak nI]fd kfrIdmf uAdyv[f. t[f[alf kapfpabfbpfpd Ev]fFy

mkfkAqkf kapfpabfbi[alf `lflEva Orf `rc[i[f tAlyilf `v[f m]iMF

tgfkiyiRkfKmf? (`[fB ;tfyati) - ;vA[kf k]fdv<dE[Ey ;v[T evbfbi

nicfcymf '[fpTmf, tgfkqf Etalfvi nicfcymf '[fpTmf viEratikqf u]RmfpF

uqfqv[f. 'tiEr ni[fb `rkfkrfkqf `ziy<mfpF evmfAmya[ `mfp<kAq 'yft

ckfrvrftftitf tiRmk[f.

(`[fB) - rXk[a[v[f rXfytfAt Enakfkkfkdvtak vnfT ni[fbv[fB.

(Enrfnft nicacrAr) - 'tiridfd nicacrAr. Enrfnft nicacrAr '[fkibT

tiRpfplfla]fD padEv]fDmf `zAkkf k]fDmf 'tirmfp< EkapfpEt '[fB.

nicacrrf - evqiyilf Mkgfk]fdbiyat Apylfkqf. (kvrfnft) - p<bpfpDmfEpaT

vinytfEtaD p<bpfpdfD, EvdfAd nayfkqf OF Emlf viZmaEpaEl viZAk.

(evgfkA]) - viDmfEpaT `mfpayf, pDmfEpaT kalakfniEpaElyiRkfAk. tIpft

pavk sgfkaAc@ ciAt@ kawfc[p>xA]@ '[fkibpFEy epRmaqf k]f

parfkfkiLmf MFtftlflT nilflat evmfAm.

viqkfkmf - (`[fB) - t[f[alf kakfkpfpdEv]fFy mkfkQkfkak,

kakfkEv]fFy epaBpfp< uAdy 'mfepRma[f ;ram[aktf `vtritft `[fB.

(Enrfnft nicacrAr) - t[kfK 'tiEr ni[fb `rkfkrfkAq. Enrfnft nicacrAr

'[fpt[f epaRqf '[f[? ;ramA[kf k]fdv<d[f `v[T `zkilf mygfki

`v{kfKtf tiRpfplfla]fD pad Ev]fFyT ;Rkfk, `v[f M[fpak ni[fB

`mfp<kAq viDki[fb[rf '[fB kRtfT. nicacrrf '[fbalf evqicfcmf niAbnft

;dgfkqilf nibfk ;ylamlf ;Rqilf mdfDEm uqfq `rkfkrfkqf '[fptaKmf.

(kvrfnft) - ;ram[i[f vilfliliRnfT evqipfpDmf `mfp<kqf, p<bpfpDmfEpaT

mikv<mf `dkfkmapf p<bpfpDki[fb[, ~[alf Àv `Crrfkqf mIT

EvdfAdnayfkqf Epa[fB payfki[fb[. (evgfkA]) - ;ram[i[f vilfliliRnfT

kiqmfp<mfEpaT `mfp<kqak uqfqAv, `Crrfkqf mIT viZmfEpaT

pfrqykaltfti[f enRpfp< Epa[fB viZki[fb[. ;ramay]mf - tIpft pavk

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sgfkaAc@ ciAt@ kawfc[p>xA]@ - enRpfp< Epa[fbAvy<mf,

PrfAmya[Avy<mf, tgfktftalf ecyfypfpdfdAvy<mf - '[f{mfpF `mfp<kqf

'vfvqv< `zkak ;RnftaLmf, ;ram[f ;rkfkmf eka]fD ni[fbaLmf, `nft

`mfp<kqf 'tirikAq `zipfptilf kRA] kadfdat evpfpmf uAdyAv.

(kaKtft[f) - KFpfpibpfpaEl trmf paraEt vixyIkritftpFy<mf vIrvatiy<mf.

viqkfkmf - (kaKtft[f) - kKtft[f '[fb ckfrvrftftiyi[f Kltftilf

`vtritfttalf uyrfnftvrfkqf-tazfnftvrfkqf '[fB Eptmf ka]amlf,

À[vRkfKmf `Rqf p<rinft t[fAm.

(kFyarfepazilf) - tiRv<lkqnftRqi[vidEm piFtfT `Feyabfbi, rav]vtmf

p]f]itf etbfKtf tiRvaclaEl p<KnfT cayfnftRqi[a[f. ;[f[Mmf

EvrfpfpdgfkibfbilfAl, tiRcfEcaAlyilf primqmf vidayfkfK ciciErapcarma[pF.

(`rgfktftmfma[f) - `vtartfTkfKpf pibfpadrfkfKmf ;zv< tIrkf EkayiliEl

vnfT k]fvqrfnftRQkibpF. (`mfma[f) - ;gfEk vnft pi[fp< :cfvrtfvmf

niAlnibfAk.

viqkfkmf - (kFyarfpfepazilf) - tiRv<lkmf `qnfT '[fB Pbi vidfD,

`tA[tf etadrfnfT kaKtft[f '[fB ;ramA[kf Pbi[arf. ;t[f YMlmf,

ulkmf `qnft kAqpfp< nIgfKvtbfkakv<mf, ;rav]A[ vtmf ecyft kAqpfp<

nIgfKvtbfkakv<mf, ;ram[f etbfK vaclf YMlmakpf epriyEkayiLkfK vnfT,

nBm]mf vICmfpFya[ tiRvrgfktftilf cy[itfTqfqa[f '[fB kRtfT.

;v{kfK ;[f[Mmf kAqpfpalf vnft viyrfAv `dgfkvilfAl.

tiRvrgfktfAtcf VzfnfTqfq EcaAlkqf ;v{kfK KqiYRdfF, kAqpfp< nIgfKmf

vitmak uqfq[. (`rgfktftmfma[f) - t[T `vtar kaltftilf ;lflamlf,

pi[f[rf pibnftvrfkQkfK 'nftkf KAby<mf Enramlf ;Rkfk, tiRvrgfktftilf

cy[itfta[f '[fB kRtfT. (`mfma[f) - tiRvrgfktftibfK vnft pi[f[Er

`vE[ :cfvr[f '[fb tKti niAlya[T.

(ÀrcfcivnftvaAd) - uAdyarfnftvaAd, eckfkrfmaMkilf, tiREm[ikfKpf

pfrpakma[ tiRpfpItamfprmf. (civnftvaAdyi[f Emlf ec[fbtamf) -

Ecabfbi[fEmEl '[kfK m[mf ec[fbT '[f{maEpaEl ~cfcrfypfpDkibarf.

('[cinftA[) ~RAdy PAby<AdAykf k]fD ukkfkkf kdv enwfC

;tiElykpfpdfdT. ('[cinftA[) - tiRvFkqi[f Cvdbinft pi[fp< p<bmfp<

Epakmadfdat enwfC. tIrftftmada nibfktf TAbyiEl piqfAqAypf ekDtfTtf

tiREvalkfktftiEl ka]fpaArpfEpaEl tiRvFkqilf ni[fBmf tiRpf

pItamfprtftiEl tiRv<qfqtfAtkf k]fdpF.

viqkfkmf - (ÀrcfcivnftvaAd) - nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf (3-7-4) -

uAdyarfnftvaAd - '[fBmf, tiRvaciriytftilf - eckfkrfmaMkilf - '[fBmf

`RqicfecyftpF, `v{Ady kBtft tiREm[ikfK "bfb nibmf eka]fdtak

uqfq tiRpfpItamfprmf '[fbarf. (civnftvaAdyi[f Emlf ec[fbtamf) - miKnft

pciy<qfq oRv{kfK u]vi[fmIT mdfDEm k]fkqf eclfvT Epa[fB, '[T

m[mf `v[T ~Adyi[fmIT ec[fbT '[ viypfpAdkibarf. ('[cinftA[) -

ep]fkqi[f ~AdkAqkf k]fD mdfDEm ;[fpmf ÀdnftpF ;Rnft '[T

m[mf, ;pfEpaT ;v[T ~Adyilf cikfK]fdT. ('[cinftA[) - kdnft

paCrtftilf `v[f tiRvFkAqkf k]fd '[T m[mf Eveba[fbiLmf eclflaT

'[fEbamf, ;pfEpaT `v[f ~AdAykf k]fD klgfkiyT '[fbarf. ntiyilf

nIraFy pi[f[rf t[f{d[f vnft KznfAtAykf ka]amlf, `kfKznfAt

mbfebaR Pdfdtftilf ;RpfpAtkf ka}vT Epa[fB - t[T m[mf `zkiy

m]vaq[i[f tiRvFkqilf ka]amlf Epayfvid, ;pfEpaT `tA[ ~Adyilf

k]fedDkfkibarf.

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3. mnfti payf vdEvgfkd mamAl va[vrfkqf

cnfti ecyfy ni[fba[f `rgfktfT `rvi[f `A]ya[f

`nfti Epalf nibtfT ~Ady<mf `t[fEmlf `yA[pf pAdtftT Orf 'zilf

unfti EmlT `[fEba `FEy[f uqfqtfT ;[f uyiEr.

epaRqf - KrgfKkqf oR kiAqyiliRnfT mbfebaR kiAqkfKtf taviypF

uqfq tiREvgfkdmAlyilf nitfyVrikqf mlrfkqf T\vi v]gfk nibfkiba[f.

;pfpFpfpdfd `v[f, tiRvrgfktftilf ~tiEcx[f '[fb pDkfAkyilf

epriyepRmaqakkf k]fvqrfkiba[f. `v[T tiRpfpItamfpr ~Adya[T

`nftipfepaZtilf Eta[fBmf civnft va[mf Epa[fB uqfqT. `nft ~Adyi[f

mIT pfrmfmA[pf pAdtft `zka[ tamArmlrf Epa[fb napikfkmlmf uqfqT.

;vbfbi[f mIT '[T nlfm[mf niAlepbfB ni[fbT.

`nftiEnrtfT vi]fEpa[fB nibmf eka]fd ~Ad cabfbiypF nmfepRmaqf

`vtariAk

tiRpfpItamfprtfti[f `zK tiRnapI kmltftiEl vIcibfB.

viqkfkmf - `rgfk[i[f pItamfprtfti[f `zka[T ;vrT m[At `v[T

napiyi[fmIT `FtfTtf tqfqiyT.

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vfyakfya[mf

(mnftipayf) - tiRmAlyilf plakfkqf EvEr piFtfTtf tAlyqv<mf pZtfTkf

kidkfAkyaEl `gfKtfAtkf KrgfKkqf jatfy<cit capltftaEl oR pztfAt

p<jikfkpf p<k mbfAb Emlilf pztftiEl k]fA]EyadfF ;tfAt vidfD `tiEl

payfnfT tava nibfKmf `tftA[yayftfT. epriyepRmaQAdy

tivfyavyvgfkqiEl tamf ~zgfkalf pDkibapf EpaElyayftfT ÀvkQmf.

ka[Mmf va[rMmf EvDMAd EvgfkdmiEb. (mnftipayf) - o[fAbeya[fB pbfbi

maAlyak nalanibfKmf. tiRcfci[f[kfKrlf EkdfdvaEb payfnfEtada

nibfKem[fBmamf. prmptMmf tiRmAly<mf EkayiLmf tiRvEyatfAyy<mf

tiRcfEcaAly<mf oR EpakiyayiRkfkibpF. 'gfKmf mabimabitf tgfKAk.

(mnftipayf) - plakfkqf EvEraD pA]EyaD vaciybpf pZtfTkf kidkfAkyaEl

o[fbiEl vayf Avkfkpf epbaEtta[f Ev]fF[pFEy tiriy<mfpFyayftfT.

viqkfkmf - tiRmAlyilf uqfq pla mrgfkqilf Evrf etadgfki ucfci vAr,

mrmf MZvTmf plapfpzgfkqf uqfq[. `gfKqfq KrgfKkqf `vbfAb

u]fptbfkak oR mrtftibfKtf tav<mf. `pfEpaT mbfebaR mrtftilf uqfq

plapfpzmf k]f]ilfpd, ;tA[ vidfD `tbfKtf tav<mf. ;tA[ ;gfK

PBkibarf. ;vrT m[ma[T epriyepRmaqi[f tivfyma[ uBpfp<kfkqilf

:DpDvT ;T Epa[fEb ~[T '[fB kRtfT - oR uBpfp< vidfD mbfebaR

uBpfp<kfK m[mf tav<kibT. ;tA[Ey tiRmziAc ~zfvarf na[fMk[f

tiRvnftatiyilf (47) - ka[Mmf va[rMmf EvDmf uAd Evgfkdmf - '[fbarf.

(mnftipayf) - epriyEkayili[f mtiqfkqilf KrgfKkqf o[fAb o[fB pbfbiypF,

ka]fptbfK maAl Epa[fB etagfKmf. nmfepRmaqi[f tiRcfci[f[ oli

Ekdfdv<d[f payfnfT OdanibfKmf. ~zfvaRkfK prmptmf, tiRvrgfkmf, tiRmAl,

Èyatfya, tiRmaliRwfEcaAl ~kiy À[tfTmf oEr Epa[fB uqfqT.

;vrT m[ma[T KrgfK Epa[fB ;nft EXtfrgfkqilf mabimabicf eclfkibT

'[fB kRtfT. (mnftipayf) - tiRmAlyilf uqfq pla mrgfkqilf Evrf etadgfki

ucfci vAr, mrmf MZvTmf plapfpzgfkqf uqfq[. `gfKqfq KrgfKkqf

`vbfAb u]fptbfkak oR mrtftibfKtf tav<mf. `pfEpaT mbfebaR mrtftilf

uqfq plapfpzmf k]f]ilfpd, ;tA[ vidfD `tbfKtf tav<mf.

(vdEvgfkdmf) - tmizfEtctfTkfK 'lfAl nilmf. EpakfyAt `qvbfbiRkfAk.

upyvip>tiy<mf oR YMAlyiEl `dgfKem[fBmamf.

viqkfkmf - (vdEvgfkdmf) - tmizfnadfF[f 'lfAlyak uqfq ;dmf. 'lfAlyak

uqfqtalf `qvbfb ;[iAmy<d[f uqfq t[fAm. ;nft mAlyi[f oR cibiy

pKtiyiElEy nitfyvip>tiy<mf, lIlavip>tiy<mf `dgfkiviDmf.

(va[vrfkqf cnfti ecyfy ni[fba[f) - 'tftA[Ey{mf t]f]iyarfkfKmf

MkgfekaDtfT nibfkib ;nfnIrfAmAy `{snftitfT, nitfysJrikqf vnfT

pDkaD kidpfpT ;gfEkyayftfT. Em[fAmAy `{pvikfKmtftA[yiEb `gfK.

cIla{pvmf p]f]lavT ;gfEkyiEb. nitfysJrikqf tiRmAlyiEl nibfkib

cIlvtfAtyiEl :DpdfD vnfT ~cfryikfk, KRdrfkfK Avtft `bcfcaAlyiEl

vizik]f]rf p<KrlaEmaev[fB, ta[f ~A[kfKpfpaDvaArpf EpaEl mnftikqf

pkfkliEl tiRv<qfqtfAt Avtfta[f '[fBmamf.

viqkfkmf - mikv<mf tazfnftvrfkQmf t[T `zka[ tiRMktfAt mikv<mf

'qitakkf ka}mfpF tiRmAlyilf vnfT ni[fba[f. ;nft 'qiAmAy ']f]i

viynftpF nitfysJrikqf `[fbadmf tiRmAlkfK vnfT :DpdfdpF nibfparfkqf.

prmpttftilf ;v[T Em[fAm mdfDEm evqipfpD. ~[alf tiRmAlyilf

`lflva ;v[T cIlmf evqipfpDkibT? ;vfvitmf ;v[T cIltfAtkf k]fD

nitfysJrikqf vnfT ni[fb[rf. ;tA[kf k]fd tiREvgfkdv[f -

KRdrfkQkfkak uqfq ;dtftilf, k]f parfAv uqfqvrfkqf vnfT

`{pvipfpT criya - '[fB ']f]i[a[f. ~kEv ;vrfkqf pkfkmf tiRmfpamlf,

KrgfKkqi[f pkfkmf t[T m[At Avtfta[f.

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(`rgfktftrvi[A]ya[f) - `gfK ni[fBmf ;gfEk cayfnftpF.

prmpttfti[i[fBmf `Feyabfbi[a[f, tiRmAlyqv<mf py]M]fdayiRnftT.

`gfK ni[fBmf vdkfKtf tiRvaclaEl EkayiliEl cayfnfta[f. ramavtartfEt

piFtfT `Feyabfbi[a[f. rav]vtmf p]f]itf etbfKtf tiRvaclaEl vnfT

cayfnftvitftA[yayiRnftet[fBmamf. (`rvi[A]ya[f) - tirikibv[f

cayfnftRqi[alf uqfqvzK. (`rv<) - nabfbmf, Kqirftfti, em[fAmy<mf.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfktftrvi[A]ya[f) - tiRmAlyilf ni[fBmf, tiRvrgfktftilf

cy[itfTmf uqfqa[f. prmpttftiliRnfT p<bpfpdfda[f. tiRmAlkfK vnfT

Ecrfnfta[f. `gfkiRnfT p<bpfpdfD, vdkfK vaclaEl tiRvrgfkpf

epriyEkayililf p<KnfT, ;gfK cy[itfta[f. ;ramavtar kaltftiElEy ;gfK

vnfta[f. ;rav]A[ vtmf ecyft pi[f[rf, etbfK vaclaEl epriyEkayililf

p<KnfT, cy[itfta[f. (`rvi[A]ya[f) - 'gfKmf cwfcarmf ecyftpF uqfqv[f

t[T kAqpfp< nIgfk ;gfK vnfT cy[itfttalf vnft `zK. (`rv<) - ;[iy

m]mf, Kqirfcfci, em[fAm Mtla[ t[fAmkqf uAdy ~tiEcx[f.

(`rgfktftrvi[A]ya[f) - EcxfEy p<rsftacfcalayamf !prtazfvaA[

vAqpfp<kf kidkfk vidfDpfEpanfT kdbfkAryiEl vAqpfp<kf kidnftabfEpaEl

smfsarikAqpf epbfballflT EpaEke[[fB vAqpfp<kf kidkfkiba[f.

ckfrvrftftitf tiRmkA[pf EpaEl Mtlilf cr]mfp<kfK MkgfkadfdavidfdvaEb -

capmany - '[fB cIBmvrlflrf. ~bfbaAmAykf kadfFcf cr]mf p<kfKkf

kidkfKmvriEb ;vrf. (`nftiEpalf nibtftaAdy<mf) - snftfyarakmf

EpaElyiRnfTqfq tiRpfpItamfprMmf, ÀrcfcivnftvaAd '[fbT

pi[f[adfDkibpF.

viqkfkmf - ;ramay]mf Èyatfyaka]fdmf (114-14) - EcxfEy

p<rsftacfcalayamf - ;ramA[ ÈyatftikfK ÀztfTcf eclflamlf

prf]caAlAy vidfD `klmadfEd[f '[fB prt[f ;Rnfta[f. ~[alf

;ramE[a kdAlkf kdpfpT '[fB MFv< ecyfT kdbfkArAy vidfD

`klvilfAl. ;EtEpa[fB smfsarikqf t[fA[ Àdyamlf ta[f ;gfkiRnfT

kiqmfp<vtilfAl '[fB epriyepRmaqf cy[itfTqfqa[f. ~[alf ;ram[f

Àztft pi[f[Rmf sMtfrraj[f vramlf ;RkfkEv, ;ram[f Ekapmf eka]fD

- capmany - ;nftkf kdAl vbfbcf ecyfT viDkiEb[f - '[fba[f.

epriyepRmaEqa t[f[idmf smfsarikqf vramlf ;RnftaLmf, ;ram[f Epa[fB

Ekapmf ekaqfqamlf uqfqa[f. (`nftiEpalf nibtftaAdy<mf) - maAl EnrtfT

va[mf Epa[fB civnft tiRpfpItmfprmf. kdnft paCrtftilf k]fd - Àrcfcivnft

~Ad - ;[f[Mmf t[T m[At vidfD nIgfkatpF uqfqtalf ;gfK mI]fDmf

Pbi[arf.

(`t[fEmlf) - ;vfvzki[i[fBmf kalfvagfk madfFkibilrf. (`y[itfyati) -

cTrftftcp<vn sfrxfdava[ pfrhfmav<kfK utfptfti sftanma[ tiRnapI

kmltfti[f Emlt[fEba. cTrfMksfRxfF p>rfvkaltftiElyakiLmf ;pfEpaT

pfrhfmav<kfK utfptfti sftanem[fB Ekaqfecalflitftara ni[fbT,

tiRnapIkmlmf ('ziLnfti) - ;qkipfpFkfAk pfrsvanftwfc eyqvnmf

'[fkibpFy[fbikfEkyiRkfAk.

viqkfkmf - (`t[fEmlf) - ~Adyi[f `zkiliRnfT ;vralf mIq ;ylamlf

uqfqtalf, `tA[Ey mI]fDmf PBkibarf. (`yA[pf pAdtftT Orf) -

pti[a[fK ulkgfkAqy<mf pAdtftv[f pfrmfm[f. `v{kfKmf ubfptfti ;dmak

uqfqT epriyepRmaqi[f tiRnapI. `t[f `zkilf m[mf ni[fbT `lflEva.

;nft unftiya[T sfRxfF kaltftilfta[f pfrmfmA[pf pAdtftT, ~yi{mf

;pfEpaT ka}mfEpaT, ;TEv pfrmfmA[pf pAdtft unfti '[fb cinftA[

EmElagfKmfpF uqfqT. ('ziLnfti) - pfrsvanftwfc eyqvnmf - KznfAt

pibnftv<d[f eyqvnmf mAby<mf - '[fb viti epriyepRmaqf vixytftilf

epaRnftamlf, pfrmfmA[pf pAdtft pi[f[Rmf `zK KAbyamlf uqfqT '[fB

kRtfT.

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(`FEy[f) - ptimf vicfvsfy, ysfyasfmi '[fkib pfrma]tftaEl `FEy[f

'[fkibarlflrf, `zKkfKtf EtabfB `FEy[f '[fkibarf.

(`FEy{qfqtfti[f{yiEr) - '[f{Ady nbfcIv[a[T tiRnapI

kmltftt[fEbaev[fkibarf. vidaAmkfKpf pbfbak, mRFEyLmf viEdlf k]fdayf

'[f{maEpaEl. ;pfpadfFlf epriyepRmaqf pkfkliEl tiREvgfkdMAdya[f

t[fAmy<M]fed[fkibT.

viqkfkmf - (`FEy[f) - ptimf vicfvsfy - ulki[f nat[ak uqfqv[f,

ysfyasfmi - yaRkfK na[f tasE[a - Mtla[ pfrma]gfkAq m[tilf

eka]fD ;gfK ;vrf - `FEy[f - '[fB PbvilfAl. epriyepRmaqi[f

`zkilf t[fA[ ;znft kar]tfti[alf ;vfvitmf PBkibarf. (`FEy[f

uqfqtfT ;[f uyiEr) - '[f{Ady cibnft ~tfmsfvYRpmf, ;v[T `zka[

tiRnapIkf klmtftilf :DpdfdT '[fbarf. nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf (2-7-10)

- mRFEyLmf viEdlf k]fdayf - m[Em, 'mfepRmaA[ 'pfEpaTmf vidkfPdaT

- '[fB PBvT Epa[fbtaKmf. ;gfK epriyepRmaQkfKtf

tiREvgfkdMAdya[i[f t[fAmkQmf u]fD '[fbarf.

4. cTrmf ma mtiqf Vzf ;lgfAkkfK ;Abv[f tAl ptfT

utir OdfF Orf evmfkA] uyftftv[f Otv]f][f

mTrma v]fD pad mamyilf ~d `rgfktftmfma[f tiRvyiB

utrpnftmf '[f uqfqtfTqf ni[fB ulaki[fbEt.

epaRqf - na[fK tiAckqiLmf uyrftftikf kdfdpfpdfd mtiqfkqalf Vzpfpdfd

;lgfAkyi[f `rc[a[ ;rav][i[f ptfTtf tAlkAqy<mf oEr `sftfrmf

eka]fD, tAryilf uR]fD ODmfpFcf ecyfta[f. `v[f, miKnft OAc eka]fd

kdlf Epa[fb nibmf uAdyv[f ~va[f. `v[f, v]fDkqf ;[iAmyakpf

paFypFy<mf `nftpf padlfkAqkf EkdfD `zkak myilfkqf ~FypFy<mf uqfq

tiRvrgfktftilf 'ZnftRqiy<qfqa[f. ;pfpFpfpdfd epriyepRmaqf, t[T

`zka[ vyibfbilf `]infTqfq utrpnftmf '[fb ~pr]ma[T, '[T

enwfctftilf p<KnfT eka]fD, `gfEkEy niAltfT ni[fbT.

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`vtariAk

tiRnapI kmltfEtaEd Ecrfnft tiRv<trpnfttfAt `{pvikfkibarf.

viqkfkmf - kdnft paCrtftilf `{pvitfT ni[fb tiRnapI kmltfTd[f Ecrfnft

utrpnft[mf '[f{mf tiRvapr]tfAt ;pfEpaT `{pvikfkibarf.

vfyakfya[mf

(cTrmamtiqf) - kdfdAqpfpdfFRkfAk. (mamtiqf) - Trfkfktfrymf. :cfvr[f

'[fbbiycfecyfEt 'tirfkfkpfp]f]i[ mtiqf. (;lgfAkkfkiAbv[f) - MzwfciEl

simfhgfkidnftet[f{maEpaEl. lgfkamf rav] palitamf.

(;lgfAkkfkiAbv[f) - srfEvcfvr[f !AvK]fdtfAtkf klviRkfAkyakkf

eka]fD vIbfbiRnftapfEpaEl ka}mf ;v{mf ;lgfAkkfK

:cfvre[[fbiRnftpF. vIrkft[a[ tiRvFy<gfPd mtitft _cfvrfymiEb.

ytfytrfEma n plvanf sfyatymf raXEscfvr@ sfyatymf sHrElaksfy

ckfrsfyapi c rXita '[fba[iEb. yave[aRv{kfkak ;vA[ `ziycfecyfy

niA[kfkibarf, `v[fb[fA[Ey ;vfvr}kfKkf kavlak AvpfprfkiGrf

`lfpmf{Plitfta[akilf.

viqkfkmf - (cTr ma mtiqf) - cibnft kavLd[f `AmkfkpfpdfDqfq ;lgfAk

nkrmf. (ma mtiqf) - srfEvcfvrE[ ;ram[ak ni[fBqfqa[f '[fpAt

`binftiRnfTmf, t[f{Ady mtiqfkAq nmfpi `vA[ ;rav][f 'tirftfta[f.

(;lgfAkkfK ;Abv[f) - KAkyilf cigfkmf uqfqT Epa[fB ;rav][f

;lgfAkyilf `rca]fda[f. `{m[f ;ramay]mf Cnftrka]fdtftilf (1-34) -

lgfkamf rav] palitamf - ;rav][alf kapfpabfbpfpDmf ;lgfAk - '[fba[f

`lflEva? (;lgfAkkfK ;Abv[f) - srfEvcfvr[f t[T ;r]fD

vip>tikAqy<mf ~qfvtbfkak 'vfvitmf !AvK]fdtfAt mkizfv<d[f "bfB

`mrfnfTqfqaE[a, `T Epa[fB ;rav][f taE[ ;lgfAkyi[f ;Abv[f

'[fbpF ;Rnfta[f. mikv<mf vIr[a[ `{m[aLmf mtikfkpfpdfd eclfvmf

;rav][T _cfvrfymf `lflEva? `{m[f valfmIki ;ramay]mf Cnftr

ka]fdtftilf (49-17) - ytfytrfEma n plvanf sfyatymf raXEscfvr@

sfyatymf sHrElaksfy ckfrsfyapi c rXita - ;v[f `Crrfkqi[f

tAlv[akv<mf ;Rkfklamf, ;nftfr{d[f PFy<qfq EtvElaktfti[f

tAlv[akv<mf ;RkfkkfPDmf - '[fB ']f]i[a[f `lflEva? ;rav][f

mdfDmf ;ram[f vixytftilf cibiT :DpdfFRnftalf, `zikfk niA[tft

`vA[Ey ;ram[f ;lgfAkyi[f tAlv[ak niymitftiRpfpa[f.

(tAlptfTtir) - p[gfKAl utirfnftapfEpaEly<tir. `BkfkvBkfk MAqtft

cdgfK. (OdfF) - `{PlikfKmakilf `ziycfecyfy Ev]fdaviEbey[fB p>cliEl

;AqpfpitfT vidfdpF. kcfca{janami '[fkibpFEy.

viqkfkmf - (tAl ptfT utir) - p[gfkayfkAq `BtfTtf tqfQvtalf

`Av niltftilf utirfvT Epa[fB ;ram pa]gfkqalf ;rav][i[f tAlkqf

tAryilf utirfnft[. tAlkqf evdfdpfpd evdfdpfpd mI]fDmf MAqkfKmf '[fb

vrmf epbfbtalf mI]fDmf mI]fDmf Mqtft[. (OdfF) - ;v[T tAlkAq

`BpfpAttf t[T viAqyadfdakkf eka]fD, ;rav][f tiRnftividfdalf

`vA[ `zikfk Ev]fdamf '[fb ']f]tfTd[f, ;nft viAqyadfFlf nI]fd

Enrmf :Dpdfda[f. `v[idmf - kcfca{janami - nI kAqtfT vidfdayf,

;pfEpaT eclfl na[f `{mtikfkiEb[f - '[fba[f.

(OrfevgfkA]y<yftftv[f) - pibfAbnaAqpf p>cliEl jyapjygfkqf

`vfyvsftitm[fEbaev[fB pfrhfmatikqf kRti[vaEb, `tftAlkQkfK

Evrfpfpbfba[ enwfciEl `tfvitIyma[ pfrhfmasftfrtfAt vidfdv[f. `v[f

pfratiPlfytftilf niAl ni[fbae[[fB `binftpi[fp< pfrhfmasftfrtfAt vidfdpF.

viqkfkmf - (OrfevgfkA]y<yftftv[f) `pfEpaT pfrmfm[f MtlaE[abf

;ram[idmf - ;vfvitmf kaltamtmf ecyftalf evbfbi-Etalfvi pbfbi "Tmf

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`biy ;ylamlf EpayfviDmf - '[fB Pbi[rf. ;tA[kf Ekdfd ;ram[f `nfttf

tAlkQkfK uyirak ;Rnft ;rav][i[f enwfctftilf pfrhfmasftfrmf

etaDtfta[f. `v[f ;BtivArtf t[T viEratiyakEv uqfqa[f '[fpAt

MFv< ecyft pi[f[Er pfrhfmasftfrmf etaDtfta[f '[fB kRtfT.

(Otv]f][f) - rav]vtmf p]f]i !vipIx]azfva{kfK MF ekaDtfT

kfRtkfRtfy[ayf pfrhfmatikqf p<xfpvfRxfFy<mf sfEtatfrMmf p]f] vIr!Etabfb

cfrmhrma[ vFEvaEd ni[fb niAl.

viqkfkmf - (Otv]f][f) - ;rav]A[ `zitfT, vipIx]A[ ;lgfAkyi[f

`rc[akfki `v{kfK m]iMF VF, t[T `vtar Enakfkmf MFnftv[ak,

pfrmfm[f Mtla[ Etvrfkqf mlrfkAqtf T\vitf TtitftpF nibfk, vIrmf '[fb

eclfvmf evqipfpd, ka]fpvrfkqi[f kAqpfAppf EpakfKmf vitmak cy[itft

tiREm[i eka]fdv[f.

(mTrmav]fDpad) - viA[ybfbvaEb ~dlf padLkfK ;dgfekaDtftpF. cilrf

paF[alf ~DvaRmf Ev}Em, myilfkqf ~dpfp<kfk[. (mamyilf) - oR myilf

EtaAk viritftalf `tftiRcfEcaAlkfK `}kfk[idfdapfEpaliRkfAk. Rxikqf

eka]fAdkfEkalf eka]fdaDAk tvirfnfT myilfkqf ~dpfp<kfk[. KrgfKkqf

Ptftadfdatlf, ;vbfbi[f Ptftadfdatlf '[fBmf tirfykfEyanikQkfK nilmaAk.

(v]fDpad mamyilad) - !AvK]fdnat[f epriyepRmaqa[vaEb,

nitfysJrikQmf v]fDkqf mamyilfkQma[pF. srfAv@ privfREta EtAvrf

vanrtfvmf upakAt@ '[f[kfkdvtiEb. raja evqfAqcfcdfAdyidfdalf `Fyarf

kBpfp<cfcdfAdyiDmitftA[yiEb.

viqkfkmf - (mTr mav]fD pad) - Eparilf evbfbi epbfbv<d[f `r]fmA[yilf

~dlf padLkfK `rc[f ;dmf `qipfpT Epa[fB, `rgfk{mf `{mtitfta[f.

~k v]fDkqf EcaAlyilf paFypF ;Rnft[. paDmfEpaT oR cilrf ~d

Ev]fdama? '[Ev `gfkiRnft myilfkqf ~dtfetadgfki[. (mamyilf) - oR

myilf t[T EtaAkAy MZvTmak viritfT ni[fbalf, `gfKqfq EcaAl

MZvtbfKmf KAd piFtftabfEpa[fB uqfq niAl. M[ivrfkqf

eka]fAdkfEkalf eka]fD ~dfDvikfk myilfkqf ~F[. KrgfKkqi[f ~dfdmf,

myilfkqi[f ~dfdmf '[ vilgfKkQmf mkiZmfpF uqfqT `rgfk[f Ekayilf.

(v]fDpad mamyilad) - prmpttftilf uqfqv[f epriyepRmaqak

tiRvrgfktftilf cy[ikfk, nitfyVrikqf `A[vRmf v]fDkqakv<mf

myilfkqakv<mf vnft[rf '[fB kRtfT. ;ramay]mf y<tftka]fdtftilf (114-17)

- srfAv@ privfREta EtAvrf vanrtfvmf upakAt@ - va[r uRvmf eka]fd

Etvrfkqf Vz ;ram[f - '[fbT Epal ~Kmf. `rc[f oRv[f evqfAq ~Ad

`]inftalf, `v{d[f uqfqvrfkqf `v{Ady nibcfEcrftftikfkakkf kBpfp<

~Ad `]ivarfkqf `lflva?

(`rgfktftmfma[f) - epriyEkayiliEl k]fvqrfkib prmEcxiyiAdy.

(tiRvyibfBtr pnftmf) - ~pr]tfTkfkapr]mf. epbfb vyibfBkfKpf

pdfdgfkdfF[pF. ('[f{qfqtfTqf ni[fBlaki[fbEt) - '[fe[wfci{qfEq `zK

ec]fEdba ni[fbEt. enwfcmf naFEb. `kl ni[fbaLmf pAcyilfAl.

;pfpadfFlf tcrtatfmj[fpFy<mf ;gfEk u]fed[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfktftmfma[f) - epriyEkayilf k]fvqrfpv{mf, `[AvRkfKmf

sfvamiyak uqfqv{mf ~kiy epriyepRmaqf. (tiR vyibfB utr pnftmf) -

;vE[ ;nft ulkibfK Orf ~pr]mak uqfqv[f. ;pfpFpfpdfd ~pr]tftibfK

Orf ~pr]mf `]ivitftT Epa[fBqfq utrpnftmf '[f{mf ~pr]mf. ;nft

ulkmf MZvAty<mf epbfebDtft vyiB ;TEv '[fB `bivikfKmfpF,

`v[T vyibfbilf kdfdpfpdfd pdfdymf Epa[fB. ('[f{qfqtfTqf ni[fB

ulaki[fbEt) - '[T uqfqtftilf t[T `zKd[f ulviypF uqfqT.

tiRvayfemaziyilf (8-6-4) - enwfcmf naD - '[fbarf `lflEva? `k[fB

eclfl My[fbaLmf odfFkfekaqfQmf `zK. ;nftpf paCrtfti[f YMlmf tcrt[i[f

Kmar[akiy ;ram[i[f t[fAmkqf `A[tfTmf epriyepRmaqidmf u]fD

'[fbarf.

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5. parmay pzviA[ pbfB `BtfT '[fA[tft[f

varmf ~kfki Avtfta[f AvtftT `[fbi '[f{qf p<Knfta[f

Ekar ma tvmf ecyft[[f ekalf `biEy[f `rgfktftmfma[f tiR

~rmf marfp< `T `[fEba `FEyA[ ~dfeka]fdEt.

epaRqf - '[T pzviA[ kar]mak u]fda[ pavgfkqf '[kfKpf epRmf

CAmyak ni[fb[. `nftpf pavgfkqi[f etadrfAp nmfepRmaqf MbfbiLmak

`Btfta[f. `t[f pi[f[rf '[fA[ `v[idmf mikv<mf `[fp<d[f ;RkfKmfpFcf

ecyfta[f. ;vfvitmf ecyftTd[f nibfkvilfAl. '[T enwfctftilf MZAmyak

WAznfT `gfEkEy niAl eka]fDvidfda[f. ;vfvitmf `v[f '[kfKcf ecyft

n[fAmkQkfkak na[f '[f[ tvmf ecyfEt[f '[fB `biyvilfAl.

!rgfknacfciyarf '[f{mf ~pr]tfAty<mf eka]fd `v[T `zka[ tiRmarfp<

`lflEva '[fA[ `v[idmf `FAmpfpDtftiyT?

~zfvaAr ~dfeka]fd nmfepRmaqi[f tiRmarfp<

`vtariAk

'[kfKpf pbfbaca[ epriypiradfFyariRkfkib tiRmarfp<kiGrf '[fA[

sfvYRpa{YRpma[ Akgfkrfygfeka]fdet[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - na[f ~trvakpf pbfbkfPFy !rgfknacfciyarf 'pfEpaTmf

`mrfnfTqfq `v[T tiRmarfp< `lflEva '[fA[, '[T sfvYRptftibfK

"bfbpF, `v{kfKkf Akgfkrfymf ecyfy<mfpF vititftT - '[fbarf.

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vfyakfya[mf

(parmay) - srfvckftiya[ srfEvcfvrE[ tqfQmidtftiLmf oR niAl ni[fB

tqfqEv]fDmfpF ;RkfAk. smfhripfpTmf nrktftiElyayf sfRxfFpfpTmf

nrktftiElyayiRkfAk.

viqkfkmf - (parmay) - À[tfT vliAmy<mf eka]fd srfEvcfvrE[ mikv<mf

My[fB tqfq MbfpdfdaLmf, cbfEb mAltfT nibfKmfpF '[T viA[pfpy[fkqf

uqfq[. nrktftiElEy oR pibvi MFnftaLmf, mI]fDmf `gfEkEy mbfebaR

pibvi 'DkfKmfpF '[T viA[kqf uqfq[.

(pzviA[) - kalmnati. ~tfmaEva nitfy[f. `citfsmfsrfkfkMm[fEby<]fFEb.

;kfkalemlflagfPdkf PDp>ritfttayiRkfKmiEb. srfvpaEppfEya EmaXyixfyami

'[fbv[fbaE[ tqfq Ev]fDmfpFyiRkfAk.

viqkfkmf - (pzviA[) - kalmf 'lfAlybfbtak uqfqT, ~tfma '[fBmf

uqfqtak ;RkfkibT, `citf epaRqa[ udLd[f etadrfp< 'pfEpaTmf

uqfqT. ;pfpFyak viA[kqf 'lfAlybfb kalmak uqfqT '[fbarf. !mtf

pkvtf kIAtyilf (18-66) - srfvpaEppfEya EmaXyixfyami - À[tfTpf

pavgfkqiliRnfTmf viDvitfTkf kArEybfBkiEb[f - '[fb uBtiyakkf Pbiy

`vE[ ;[fB mikv<mf My[fB tqfQmfpF niAlAm uqfqT.

(pbfbBtfT) - `FyBtfT enDwfCvrf tqfQmaEpaEl svasnmakpf Epakfki,

nitfysJrikQkfKpf papcgfAk u]fdakiLmf ;vrfkfkilflatpF p]f]i.

viqkfkmf - (pbfbBtfT) - CvArtf tqfq Mybfci ecyfpvrfkqf, Mtlilf Cvri[f

`Fyilf epriytak pqfq Eta]fDvarfkqf. ;T Epa[fB, Mtlilf pavmf

ecyfytfT\]fDmf cinftA[Ay `zikfkiba[f. nitfysJrikQkfKpf pavmf '[fpT

u]fda '[fB yaravT Ekdfparfkqa? `TEpalf, ;nft ~zfvaRkfKpf pavmf

;Rnftta '[fb cnfEtkmf "bfpdatpFcf ecyfta[f.

('[fA[) - paptfTkfKpf EpakfkFybiyat '[fA[. papmf pDmf ~karma[

'[fA[ey[fBmamf. `kmEhatti@. (t[f varmakfki Avtfta[f) - ta[f

'[fbalf pXptikfKmfpF p]f]i[a[f. '[f karfymf t[kfKkfPbak '[fEpriEl

t[kfK ;Rpfep[fB t[fEpriEl '[kfkiRpfpakfki[pF. `[fbiEy,

vixyanftrgfkAq vidfDtf t[fA[Ey Pbakpf pbfBmfpF p]f]i[a[f.

(Avtfta[f) - ;cfcnftancfcapmf Avtfta[f. (Avtftt[fbi) - ;nft

n[fAmkQkfK EmEl. ('[f{qf p<Knfta[f) - pi[fA[y<mf t[f[abfbaAmyaEl,

vidayftftv[f tdaktfAt nIkfki uqfEq MZKmaEpaEl, '[f{qfQmf p<Knfta[f.

vali p<kfkvidtfEt mAlyidfdAdtfT, mharajriRnfT KBmfp<

ecLtfti[apfEpaElyak o]f]aet[fB '[f sfvYRp `jfwanmf KAlyatpF

'[fe[wfciEl vnfT p<Knfta[f. `ncfnnfnnfy@ '[fkibpFEy ;tfEta

edadfdbfbiRkfKmv{kfKmf ;tftallflT eclfLkibtilfAl '[fkibT.

viqkfkmf - ('[fA[) - '[T pavgfkAq 'vfvitmf nIkfKvT '[fB p<riyamlf

ni[fb '[fA[. À[tfTpf pavgfkqi[f ;Rpfpidmak ;Rnft '[fA[.

`kmEhatti - pavmf '[f{mf epRmfkdlf naE[ '[f{mfpFya[ '[fA[.

(t[f varmakfki Avtfta[f) - epriyepRmaqf '[fbv<dE[Ey '[kfK :DpaD

`tikrikfKmfpFcf ecyfta[f. '[T pavgfkqf À[tfAty<mf nIkfKvAttf

t[f{Ady epaBpfp< '[kfeka]fda[f. '[T CAmkqf À[tfAty<mf t[T

'[fB eka]fda[f. '[fA[tf t[kfK uriyv[akfkikf eka]fda[f, `v{kfK

`dgfkiyiRkfKmfpFcf ecyfta[f. ulk vixygfkAq na[f AkvidfD `vA[Ey

pbfBmfpFcf ecyfta[f. (Avtfta[f) - '[fA[ t[f{Ady cnfttiyak

mabfbi[a[f. (AvtftT `[fbi) - ;tftA[ upkargfkqf ecyfT, `tfTd[f

nibfkamlf. ('[f{qf p<Knfta[f) - `tfTd[f `v[alf ;Rkfk MFyvilfAl.

paAlv[ uxf]tftilf tvikfKmf oRv[f, oR KqtfAtkf k]fdalf `tilf

75

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udE[ p<KvT Epa[fB, '[fA[pf pirinfT ;Rkfk ;ylamlf, '[f{qf p<KnfT

vidfda[f. TnfTpi '[f{mf `rkfkA[ `zikfk vali oR KAkkfKqf

p<KnfTvid, `nft `rkfk[f evqivratpF KAkyi[f vayiAl YMFvidfD

CkfrIv[f ~]fda[f `lflEva? `T Epa[fB '[f{Ady sfvYRptftibfK "bfb

wa[tfAt na[f mI]fDmf ;zkfkkfPdaT '[fB kRti, '[f ;tytftilf

ni[fba[f. M]fdk upnixtf PBvT Epa[fB, krfm etadrfp< ;lflamlf

uqfqv[f ~yi{mf, '[fA[ vid ;ylatpF '[f{qf ni[fba[f.

(Ekarmatvmitfyati) - ;pfEpbfBkfkF '[fe[[fB parftftarf. ;nftfriygfkAq

eyaBtfT mhatpsfAspf p]f]iE[E[a `bikiEl[f. na[biyeva[fBmilfAl.

;pfpF cgfkipfpae[[fe[[f[ilf, epbfb EpB `pfpFpfpdfdarfkfKkf kiAdkfK

mtaAkyaEl. `v[fbaE[ ntItIrtftiEl kidnfT tpsfsHp]f]i[aE[a

`bikibiEl[f. Ekarma[ tpsfsakibT - `tftAlyaktf tmfAmyziy mabi[

epriyv<AdyaArpf EpaEl ;RkfAk. 'nfn[fbi ecyfEtE[a '[fe[wfcilf

tikzfvTEv '[f{maEpaEl.

viqkfkmf - (Ekarmatvmf) - ;tftA[ epriy n[fAm t[kfKkf kidfDvtbfKkf

kar]mf '[f[ '[fB ~rayfnftarf. '[T ;nftfriygfkAq `dkfki na[f epBmf

tvmf ecyftv[f '[kf Pb ;ylaT, `tA[ na[f `biyv<mf ;lfAl.

;vfvitmf ;vrf cnfEtkmf ekaqfqkf kar]mf '[f[? kar]mf - ;vrf epbfBqfq

Epba[T, mikv<mf epriy tvmf ;ybfbivrfkQkfK mdfDEm kidfdkfPFytaKmf.

`lflT, '[fA[pf epBvtbfkakkf kaEvriyi[f kAryilf `v[f tvmf

p<rinftaE[a? Ekarmatvmf '[fpT - ;ram{kfkaktf t[T uyiArEy `qitft

jday<vi[f tfyakmf Epa[fbtaKmf. nmfmazfvarf tiRvayfemaziyilf (10-6-8) -

'nfn[fbi ecyfEtE[a '[f enwfcilf tikzfvTEv - '[fpT Epalf, ;vRmf

PBkibarf.

(`rgfktftmfma[f) - ;pfEpbfBkfK ~bfbgfkArAypf pbfbikfkidnfT tpsfsH

p]f]i[aLmf `v[ayiRnftT. ;cfcIriy EpbfBkfK EvB

upayM]fdakmadfdaEt.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfktftmfma[f) - ;pfpF oR EpB epBvtbfkakkf kaEvri

~bfbi[f kAryilf `v[f tvmf p<rinfta[f '[fEb PbEv]fDmf. kar]mf,

;tftA[ epriy EpB kidfDmf `qvibfK '[f[idmf upaygfkqf "Tmf

;lfAlEy.

(tiRvarmarfpt[fEba) - epriy piradfFyaAry<mf hartfAty<MAdtfta[

marfv[fEba. tmkfKpf pbfbaktf tayf nizliEl oTgfKkibarf. ;vA[kf KbitfT

Etn AmtfrI pvT '[fBmf, `vA[kf KbitfT n kcfcitf n `pratfyti '[fBmf

ciAbyiliRnfEt Ecrvidpfparfkfkibvqf, marfpiEl ;Rnftalf Ecrvidcf

ecalflEv}Ema? `zkiy marfvilarmf. ~rtfTkfK `zK ekaDkfk

vbfbayiRkfAk. ~rmf `zAk mAbkfAkkfKdlamitftA[yiEb. Srfv

p>x]p>xarfha@ '[f{maEpaEl.

viqkfkmf - (tiRvarmarfvt[fEba) - !rgfknacfciyaAry<mf, hartfAty<mf t[T

tiRmarfpilf eka]fdv[f `lflva? ta[f ec[fB EcrfvtbfK "bfb p<klidmak

t[T tayara[ !rgfknacfciyaridmf oTgfKkibarf. `vqf ;rav][idmf - Etn

AmtfrI pvT - nI uyirf piAzkfk viRmfpi[alf ;ram{d[f ndfp< ekaqfvayak -

'[fB Pbi[aqf, ;ram[idmf - n kcfcitf n `pratfyti - ;nft ulkilf

yarfta[f tvB ecyfyamlf uqfq[rf - '[fB cmata[mf ecyftaqf. ;pfpFyak

;rav][i[f ciAbyilf ;RnftEpaT cipariCkqf ecyftvqf (p<Rxkarmf),

t[kfK ;[iAmya[ ;dmak uqfq ;v[T tiRmarfpilf uqfqEpaT

;cfecyAlcf ecyfvaqf '[fB Pbv<mf Ev]fDEma? `zka[ tiRmarfpilf uqfq

~rmf '[lamf. `nft ~rma[T epriyepRmaqi[f tiRmarfp<kfK `zK

Ecrfpfptak uqfqT. ~[alf cbfB cinftitftalf, `T `zKkfkak `lfl,

;v[T tiRmarfApkf k]fD ka]fpvrfkqi[f tfRxfF pdfDvidkfPdaT '[fB

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mAbtfTkf ekaqfvtbfkak '[fEb Eta[fBkibT. ;ramay]tftilf -

srfvp>x]p>xarfha@ - ;ram[i[f nI]fd Akkqf "[f `lgfkargfkqalf

mAbkfkpfpdvilfAl - '[pfpdfdT ka]fk.

(`FEyA[) - M[feplflamf PlicfEcvkArpfEpaEl `zKkfKtf Etabfb

`FAm, ;T pibnfTAdyvFAm. MnfTb T\Eta ramsfy '[fbv[f, piradfF

kdaXmf epbfbvaEb taEsahmf EkasElnftfrsfy '[fba[iEb. (~qfeka]fdT)

- ;znft EcxtfvtfAttf tnftT.

viqkfkmf - (`FEy[f) - M[fp<, Plikfkak EvAl ecyfpvrfkqf Epa[fB,

`v[T `zAkkf Pliyakpf epbfB `v{kfK `FAmtf etazilf ecyfvtak

;Rnftarf. ;pfEpaT, t[T sfvYRpmf `binftv<d[f, ta[f ;ylfpakEv, pibpfpi[f

YMlmakEv `v{kfK `FAm '[ u]rfnftarf. `{m[f cIAtyi[f parfAv

kidfdpf epBvtbfK M[fpakEv - T\Eta ramsfy - ram[i[f T\t[f - '[fB

Pbi[a[f. `vqT kdaXmf kidfFypi[f - taEsahmf EkasElnftrsfy -

EkasAl nadfF[f tAlv[a[ ;ram[i[f tas[f na[f - '[fba[f.

(~qfeka]fdT) - epriyepRmaqi[f tiRmarfpa[T, ;tftA[ kalmak,

'lfAlybfb pibvikqak na[f ;znftiRnft `FAmtft[tfAt mI]fDmf

"bfpDtftiyT.

(`FEyA[yadfeka]fdEt) - rajfymiznft rajp<tfrA[yAztfT

MFVdfDmaEpaEl, `zkiEl `Znfti[ '[fA[ `v[f K]gfkiGrf

piAzpfpitftet[fkibarf. `zkiEl `Znfti[aAr K]tfAtkf kadfFpf

piAzpfpikfklamf, K]tftiEl `Znfti[arfkfK K]Em Ev}mf. nIriEl

`Znfti[arfkfK nIAryidfDpf piAzpfpikfk viDmitftA[y[fEba uqfqT.

viqkfkmf - (`FEyA[yadfeka]fdEt) - evKnadfkqaktf t[T nadfAd

;znfT Cbfbikf eka]fFRnft `rcKmarA[ ÀztfT MFVdfDvT Epa[fB,

Akgfkrfymf '[fb ptvi ;znfT Cbfbiy '[fA[ `v{Ady tiRmarfp< mI]fDmf

`tilf :DpDtftiyT. `v[T `zkilf mygfki, `v{kfKkf Akgfkrfymf

ecyfyv<mf mbnfT ni[fb '[fA[, t[T klfya] K]gfkAqkf kadfF mI]fDmf

`tilf :DpDtftiyT `v[T tiRmarfEp ~Kmf. `zkilf mygfki ni[fbalf

K]tfAtkf kadfF mIdfklamf, K]tftilf mygfki ni[fbvrfkAq K]mf

eka]fEd mIdfk Ev]fDmf. nIrilf YMzfki mykfkmf ÀdnftvrfkAq, nIrf

etqitfEt 'Zpfp<vT Epa[fbaKmf.

;pfpadfdalf `nftrfyami pfrahfm]tftilf ecalfLkibpFEy srfv

vfyapktfckftiy<mf ;gfEk u]fed[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - ;nftpf paCrmf YMlmf, `nftrfyami pfrahfm]tftilf PBmf kRtfta[

- À[tftiLmf vfyapitfT nibfpv[f ;vE[ - '[fpAt evqipfpDtfTkibarf.

6. T]fd ev]fpiAby[f Tyrf tIrftftv[f `mf ciAby

v]fD vazf epazilfVzf `rgfknkrf Emy `pfp[f

`]fdrf `]fd pkir]fdtf etaRmanilmf 'Zmalf vAr MbfBmf

u]fd k]fdmf k]fGrf `FEyA[ uyfykfeka]fdEt.

epaRqf - oR cibiy T]fdak uqfqTmf, ev]fAmyak uqfqTmf ~kiy

piAbcfcnftfrA[tf t[T tAlyilf eka]fd civ{Ady capmf '[f{mf pavmf

nIgfKmfpFcf ecyftv[f, `zka[ cibKkAq uAdy v]fDkqf epaRnfti

vaZmfpFyak uqfq EcaAlkqalf Vzpfpdfd tiRvrgfktftilf 'pfEpaTmf vasmf

ecyfpv[f, ;nft `]fdmf, `]fdtftilf uqfq Ectnrfkqf, mbfb `]fdgfkqf,

prnft p>mi, "Z mamAlkqf, '[f{mf Pbpfpdat plvbfAby<mf pfrqy kaltftilf

`MT ecyftv[f - ;pfpFpfpdfd epriyepRmaqi[f tiRkfkZtfT '[fA[

uyfy<mfpFcf ecyftT.

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~zfvaAr uyfy<mfpFcf ecyft nmfepRmaqi[f tiRkfkZtfT

`vtariAk

srfvElaktfAty<mf `MT ecyftRqi[ k]fdtfti[zK '[fA[y<]fdakfkibf

eb[fkibarf. tiRmarfpi[zK tiRkfkZtftiEl "bidfdet[f[v<mamf.

epaRqf - À[tfT ulkgfkAqy<mf pfrqytfti[fEpaT u]fD, t[T

tiRvyibfbilf AvtfTkf kapfpabfbiy epriyepRmaQAdy tiRkfkZtfti[f `zK

t[fA[ u]fdakfkiyT '[fbarf. kdnft paCrtftilf ;vrf `{pvitft

tiRmarfpi[f `zka[T, ;vArtf tqfqikfeka]fDEpayf, tiRkfkZtftilf

niBtftiyT '[lamf.

vfyakfya[mf

(T]fdmitfyati) - klamatfrmayf evQtftiRnfTqfq piAbAy jAdyiEl

y<Ady[a[ Rtfr[f t[kfKpf pitav<mayf ElakKRv<mayiRnfTqfq

pfrhfmavi{Ady tAlAyyBkfAkyalf vnft paptfAtpf Epakfki[v[f.

CAmyrayiRpfparf CmfmadfDkfKqfEq taAzmdAlcf ecaRKmaEpaEl,

satk[ayiRkfkcfecyfEt sHkpfrtan[ak `pima[itftiRkfKmayftfT. ~[aLmf

~ptfT vnftalf `v[lflT p<klilfAlEy. cnftfr{Ady XytfAtpf

Epakfki[ae[[fBmamf. `v{Ady TrittfAtpf Epakfki[apfEpaEl tmfMAdy

TrittfAty<mf EpakfKem[fB kRtfT.

viqkfkmf - (T]fdmf) - MZAmyak ;lflamlf oR T]fdak mdfDEm

uqfqTmf, evQtftiRpfpTmf ~kiy cnftfrA[tf t[T tAlyilf uqfq

cAdMFyilf eka]fdv[f civepRma[f ~va[f. `v[f, t[T tnfAty<mf,

;nft ulkmf À[tfAty<mf pAdtftv{mf ~kiy pfrmfm[i[f tAlAy

`Btfttalf pfrhfmhtfti Etaxmf Àdnfta[f. ;v[T ;nftpf paptfAt

nIkfkiyv[f epriyepRmaqf ~va[f. tAlyilf epRmf CAmAycf CmnfT

eclfpvrfkqf, `zKkfkak `nftcf CAmyi[f `FyiLmf tazmfp>Avcf ecaRki

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AvtftiRpfparfkqf. ;TEpa[fB civepRma[f, ta[f 'mfepRmaA[kf KbitfT

'pfEpaTmf tvmf ecyfpv[f '[fB kadfFkfeka]fdaLmf, ;[fptftilf viRpfpmf

uqfqv[f '[fb niAl evqipfpDmfvitmaktf tAlyilf cnftfrA[cf

VdfFy<qfqa[f '[fB kRtfT. ;pfpF ;RnftaLmf `v{kfK Orf ~ptfT

vnftEpaT, epriyepRmaAq `lflamlf p<klidmf EvB "Tmf

`kpfpdvilfAlEy. cnftfr{kfK u]fda[ paptfAty<mf epriyepRmaqf

nIkfki[a[f. ~k ;vrfkQAdy pavgfkAq nIkfkiyT Epa[fB, t[T

pavgfkAqy<mf nIkfKva[f '[fB kRtfT.

(`wfciAby v]fD vazfepazilfVzf `rgfknkrf Emyvpfp[f) - Elaktftilf

pfrtanra[vrfkqf pfrhfmhtfAyAypf p]f]i ÀlnfT ekaDkidkfkpfp<kfkvaEb

ta[f kdkfk nibfkeva]f]aet[fB ;vrfkQAdy rX]arftftmakkf

kidfdvnfT k]fvqrfnftRQkib upkark[f. `zkiy cibAk uAdtfta[

v]fDkqf vaza ni[fb EcaAl Vzfnft epriyEkayiliEl k]fvqrfnftRQkib

pitava[v[f.

viqkfkmf - (`wfciAby v]fD vazfepazilfVzf `rgfknkrf Emyvpfp[f) - ;nft

ulkilf mikv<mf Mkfkiysftrfkqilf civepRma[f Epa[fB pfrhfmhtfti Etaxmf

eka]fD ÀlvAtkf k]fda[f. `vrfkAqkf kakfk, `vrfkqf vr ;ylat

prmpttftilf ta[f ;RkfkkfPdaT, `vfvitmf namf ;Rnftalf `vrfkqi[f papmf

nIgfkaT '[fB cinftitfta[f. ~kEv ;vrfkAqpf Epa[fbvrfkAqkf kapfpabfBmf

epaRdfD, tiRvrgfktftilf vnfT cy[itfta[f. `zka[ cibKkqf eka]fd

v]fDkqf Pdfdmak `mrfnfTqfq EcaAlkqf, ;nftcf EcaAlkqalf Vzpfpdfd

tiRvrgfkmf, ;tftAky epriyEkayililf k]fvqrfpv{mf, À[vRkfKmf

tnfAty<mf ~[v[f.

(v]fDvazfepazilf) - v]fDkqf `v[f pkfklf eclflaT, tiRcfEcaAlyi[f

EyakfyAtyiEl ;qm]lf payfnfT kalfvagfkmadfdaEt nibfKmf.

`vfv]fDkAqpfEpaEl tmfAmy{pvipfpitfT vidayf ekDtftae[[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - (v]fDvazfepazilf) - v]fDkqf epriyepRmaqf uqfq ;dmfvAr

eclflamlf, EcaAlkqi[f `zkilf mygfki, ~bfbi[f p<Atm]lilf kalfkqf

cikfK]fdvrfkqf nkr ;ylamlf ;RpfpT Epa[fB, `gfEkEy ;Rnft[. `nft

v]fDkqf Epa[fB t[fA[ `v[f pkfkmf niAlniBtfti, `v[f mIT :DpaD

ekaqfQmfpFcf ecyfta[f. ;t[f YMlmf t[T viRpfptfAt

niAbEvbfbikfeka]fda[f '[fbarf.

(`]fdr]fdmitfyati) - `]fdanftrfvrftftikQAdy `]fdmf. pkir]fdmf -

p<bv]fdmf. `tfvitIyma[ mhapfRtivi. p>mikfK ~]iyFtftapf EpaElyiRkfkib

"ZvAkpfpdfd Klkirikqf. o[febaziyaEm ~Fkfkabfbilf p>AqEpaEl pbnfT

tiRvyibfbiEl p<KmfpFy<]fd kZtfTkfkiGrf. ;vbfAbtf t[itft[iEy

ecalfLvae[[fe[[f[ilf - t[iEy ecalfLAk EpakfymayiRkfAkyaEl.

epriyepRmaqf tiRkfkZtfAtkf k]fdalf pfrqyaptftiEl jktfAt 'DtfTtf

tiRvyibfbiEl AvtftAm Etabfba ni[fbtayftfT. viDkaT EtaFdfD

vqrfnftet[fB etriy<maEpaEl.

viqkfkmf - (`]fdr]fd) - `]fdtfti[f uqfEq ;Rpfpvrfkqf vazfki[fb

pfrmfma]fdmf. pkir]fdmf '[fbalf `]fdtftibfK evqiyilf uqfq prnft ;dmf.

p>miya[T pbnfT vidamlf ;RpfptbfK `FtfT Avtft ~]ikqf Epa[fb "Z

mAlkqf. ;Av À[tfTmf, ~Fkfkabfbilf `FtfTcf eclflpfpDmf

pwfCkfKviylf Epa[fB, pfrqy kaltftilf ;v[T tiRvyibfbi{qf p<KmfpFyak

;v[T `zka[ kZtfT `lflEva `vbfAb u]fdT? ;vbfAb "[f

t[itft[iyakkf Pbi[arf? `pfEpaTta[f mikv<mf ;[iAmyak ;RkfKmf

'[fptalf ~Kmf. epriyepRmaqi[f `zka[ kZtfAtkf ka}mfEpaT, pfrqy

kaltftilf À[tfT ulkgfkAqy<mf u]fD, t[T tiRvyibfbilf AvtfTkf

kapfpabfbiy nikzfv< ;vRkfK niA[vilf vRkibT. TAqy<d[f uqfq kaAtkf

ka}mfEpaT, EtaD `]infttalf vqrfnftEta '[fB Eta[fBkibT.

79

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(`FEyA[ uyfykfeka]fdEt) - M[fp< epbfb AkgfkrfytfTkfK vicfEctmf

pibvatpF EnakfkibfB. '[fA[ smfsartftilf oR naQmf `kpfpdatpF

p]f]ibfB.

viqkfkmf - (`FEyA[ uyfykfeka]fdEt) - M[fp< ;vrf epbfb Akgfkrfymf

tAd ;[fbi etadr ;v[f kapfpabfbi[a[f. ;nft ulk vazfkfAkyilf na[f

:DpdfD, cikfK]fD vidatpF kapfpabfbi[a[f.

;pfpadfdalf ~ptfsk[a[ srfEvcfvr[fpFy<mf ;gfEk u]fed[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - ;nftpf paCrmf YMlmf, ulkmf `A[tfAty<mf kapfpabfbiy

:cfvrtft[fAm epriyepRmaqidmf u]fD '[fbarf.

7. Akyi[f ~rf Cri cgfK `[lf ~ziyrf nIqfvArEpalf

emyfy[arf Tqp viAryarf kmzf nI]fMF 'mf

_y[arf `]i `rgfk[arf `rvi[f `A]miAc Emy may[arf

ecyfyvayf _Eya '[fA[cf cinfAt kvrfnftTEv.

epaRqf - `zka[ tiRkfkrgfkqilf epaRnftiy<qfq tiRcfcgfK mbfBmf `[lf

vICmf ckfkrmf ~kiyvbfAbkf eka]fdv{mf, mikv<mf epriy mAl Epa[fb

tiREm[i uAdyv{mf, tiRtfTzayf 'pfEpaTmf VzfnfTqfqtalf, `t[f

nBm]mf vIciypF uqfq tiRMF eka]fdv{mf, '[f{Ady sfvamiyak

uqfqv{mf, ;nft ulki[f ~pr]mak uqfq tiRvrgfktftilf k]fvqrfpv{mf,

~tiEcx[f mIT ;[iAmyak epaRnftiy<qfqv{mf, viypfpa[ ecylfkqf

ecyfpv{mf ~kiy epriyepRmaqi[f civnft tiRpfpvqmf '[T cinfAtAykf

kvrfnfT eka]fdT.

~zfvari[f cinfAt kvrfnft nmfepRmaqi[f tiRpfpvqcf ecvfvayf

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`vtariAk

tiRvtrtftiEl `kpfpdfdpF ecalfLkibarf. nIwfcpfp<kfKtf etpfptfAtyiznfEt

e[[f{maEpaEl.

viqkfkmf - epriyepRmaqi[f tiRvayf `zkiEl ta[f cikfK]fD ni[fbAtkf

PBkibarf. ~bfAbkf kdkfk MA[y<mf oRv[f, pati ~bfbilf ta[f vnft

pdAk ;znfT nibfpT Epal - `vA[ `{pvikfkpf p<Knft ;vrf, pativAr

`{pvitfTvidfD, ;pfEpaT t[f{Ady m[Atpf pbi ekaDtfT ni[fEb[f

'[fbarf.

vfyakfya[mf

(Akyi[aritfyati) - evBmfp<btftiEl pdvFkfkvlfl AkyiEl `zK niAbnft

CriAyy<Adtfta[ !pawfcjnfymf, pfrtipXtfti[f EmEl `[Aly<miza

ni[fBqfq tiRvazi, ;vbfAby<AdyrayiRkfAk. !pawfcjnfytfTkfKcf Cri

sfvpavma[apfEpaEl tiRvaziyazfva{kfKmf pfrtipXtfti[fEmEl `[LmizfAk

sfvpavmf. tiRkfEkadfFy>riEl `[nftazfva[f pdfdAr - !AvK]fdnat[f

tfvip<jE[a, cTrfpfp<jE[a - '[f[, ;RpFkQmDkfKem[f[,

;r]fFLmzkiEtet[f[, tfvip<j[akilf epriyepRmaAqpf EpaEl ;RkfkibT,

cTrfpfp<j[akilf nmfepRmaAqpf EpaEl ;RkfkibT - '[fbarf.

viqkfkmf - (Akyi[arf) - epriyepRmaqi[f tiRkfkrtfAt evBmE[

k]fdaEl, `t[f `zkilf mygfki viZvarfkqf. ;pfpFpfpdfd tiRkfkrtftilf

mikv<mf `zKmf, `zka[ ErAkkQmf uAdyta[ pawfcj[fymf '[f{mf

cgfAk AvtfTqfqa[f. `Fyarfkqi[f viEratikqf mIT enRpfApkf kkfKmf

ckfkrtfAty<mf AvtfTqfqa[f. cgfkibfK ErAkkqf ;ylfpak uqfqT Epa[fB,

ckfkrtftibfK enRpfp< kkfKtlf ;ylfpak uqfqT. tiRkfEkadfFy>rilf

`[nftazfva[f '[fpvrf pracrpdfdridmf - !AvK]fdnat[f ;r]fD

tiRkrgfkQd[f uqfqa[a `lflT na[fK tiRkfkrgfkQd[f uqfqa[a -

'[fB Ekdfdarf. `tbfki pdfdrf - ;r]fD vitmakv<mf uqfqT `v{kfK

"bfbEt, ;r]fFLmf `zkakEv uqfqa[f, ;r]fD tiRkrgfkQd[f uqfqEpaT

epriyepRmaqf Epa[fB ;Rpfpa[f, na[fK tiRkrgfkQd[f uqfqEpaT

nmfepRmaAqpf Epa[fB ;Rpfpa[f - '[fbarf.

(nIqfvAr) - mAlAykf kdAl opfpakcf ecalfLmitfAtA[yiEb.

nIdfciEpakfytapfrkrfxmf. pcfAcmamAlEpalf Em[i, `TkfK EmEl

opfpA[yzK.

viqkfkmf - (nIqfvAr) - epriyepRmaqi[f tiREm[ikfK kdlf `lflT

mAlAy mdfDEm uvAmyakkf Pb ;yLmf. nIqf '[f{mf ecalfla[T

;[iAmyak uqfqT '[fB u]rftfTkibT. eta]fdrFpfepaFyazfvarf,

tiRmaAlyilf - pcfAcmamAl Epalf Em[i - '[fbarf `lflva? ;v{Ady

tiREm[iEy `zK, `nft `zKkfK `zK EcrfpfpT Epa[fB ~pr]gfkqf

uqfq[.

(TqpviAryarf kmzfnI]fMF) - primqmf mikfkiRnfTqfq tiRtfTzayf

maAlyaEl `lgfkfRtmayf ~tirajfy sJckma[ tiRvpiExktfAt

uAdyRmayf. ('mfAmy[arf) - ubv< EtabfBAk, '[kfK j[kra[vrf.

viqkfkmf (TqpviAryarf) - miKnft nBm]tfTd[f PFy Tqciyalf

epriyepRmaqi[f tiREm[i `lgfkrikfkpfpdfDqfqT. `tftAky kfrIdmf

;vA[, `A[tfT EtvAtkQkfKmf Emla[v[f '[fpAt u]rftftiypF

uqfqT. ('mf _y[arf) - ;vA[kf ka}mfEpaEt, ;vE[ '[f tnfAt '[f{mf

ubv<MAb k]fM[fE[ nibfkibT.

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(`]iyrgfk[arf) - pfrapft vixymayiRkfkkf kdkfkviraEt smfsartfTkfK

~pr]ma[ EkayiliEl vnfT `]f]iyRmayiRkfkibpF.

viqkfkmf - (`]iyrgfk[arf) - smfsar kdlak uqfq p>mikfK ~pr]mak

uqfq tiRvrgfktftilf vnfT nmT `RkaAmyilf, nmfAm vidfD `klamlf

cy[ipfpv[f.

(`rvi[A]miAc) - rtf[gfkAqeylflamf tgfktftiEl p<AttfTkf

kadfDmaEpaEl t[f[zK etriytf tiRv[nftazfva[f EmEl cayfnfT

kadfDkibpF. (Emymay[arf) - mi[fmi[i pbkfkibpF. s mya Epatit@ !manf -

'lflarfkfKmf o[fbiEl cayfnftvaEb epalflagfKkqf etriy<mf, ;gfK

pAzyvzKkQmf nibmf epBmf.

viqkfkmf - (`rvi[f À] miAc) - ;rtfti[kfkbfkqf pl tgfktftilf

ptikfkpfpdfdalf `t[f `zK PDvT Epa[fB, t[T tiREm[iyi[f `zK

À[vRkfKmf p<lpfpDmfpF ~tiEcx[f mIT cy[itfTqfqv[f. (Emymay[arf) -

;v[T tiREm[iAykf k]fdalf, k]fkqilf mi[fmi[i pbpfpT Epa[fB uqfqT.

;ramay]tftilf - s mya Epatit@ - '[f[alf k]fvqrfnftv[f - '[fB

PBvT Epalf, ubgfKmfEpaT ;v[f `zkak uqfqa[f. oRvRkfK `vrT

vikarmf À[tfTmf, `vrf ubgfKmfEpaT mdfDEm evqipfpDmf. ;v{kfK,

cy[ikfKmfEpaT PDtlak `zK evqipfpDkibT.

(ecyfyvayf) - sftfrIkQAdy epayfcfciripfpiEl TvkfK]fdarfkfK ;cfciripfp<kf

k]fdalf epaBkfkeva]f}Ema.

viqkfkmf - (ecyfyvayf) - ep]fkqi[f epayfya[ ciripfApkf k]fD mygfkiyv[f

na[f. ;pfpFpfpdfd '[fA[ ;v[T emyfya[ p<[f[Ak :rftfTkfeka]fdAt

viypfpakkf Pbv<mf Ev]fDma?

(_Eya) - tiRvtrMmf civpfp<mf `{pvikfk `ritayf _Eya '[fkibarf. ('[fA[)

- p]fEd enwfC pbiekaDtft '[fA[ `nfyaymf ecyfvEt '[fB PpfpiDkibarf.

('[fA[) - klfAl nIrakfki, nIAry<mf taE[ eka]fdT.

viqkfkmf - (_Eya) - tiRvayi[f `zki, `t[f civpfp< ~kiyvbfAb

`{pvitfT MFkfk ;ylaAmyalf _Eya '[fbarf. ('[fA[) - '[T m[At

M[f[Er 'DtfTkfeka]fdayf, ;vfvitmf u[T tiREm[iAykf kadfF '[fA[

EmLmf vAtpfpta '[fbarf. ('[fA[) - klf Epa[fb '[fA[ nIrakfki[ayf,

`nft nIAry<mf vidfDAvkfkamlf pRkividfdayf.

;pfpadfFlf !AvK]fdnat[fpFy<mf ;gfEk ka]laem[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - ;nftpf paCrmf YMlmf !AvK]fdnat[i[f t[fAmkAq

epriyepRmaqidmf ka]lamf '[fbarf.

8. priy[aki vnft `v<][f udlf kI]fd `mrrfkfK

`riy ~ti pira[f `rgfktfT `ml[f MktfT

kriyvakipf p<Ad prnfT miqirfnfT ecvfvri OF nI]fd `pf

epriyvay k]fkqf '[fA[pf EpAtAm ecyft[Ev.

epaRqf - miKnft pRm[a[ udlf eka]fD vnfT, pfrhflatA[ vRtftiy

`Cr[a[ ;r]iy[i[f udAlkf kizitftf 'binftv[f, pfrmfm[f Mtla[

EtvrfkqaLmf `pfEpaT 'qitilf `}k ;ylatpF ;Rnftv[f, ;nft

ulkibfKkf kar]mak uqfqv[f - ;pfpFpfpdfdv[f tiRvrgfkmf epriyEkayililf

cy[itfTqfq epriyepRmaqf ~va[f. `v{Ady tiRMktftilf kBtft nibmf

eka]fD, vicalmak, ecvfvrikqf niAbnfttak, kaTkqf vAr nI]fD

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uqfqtak, epRAm epbfbtak ;RkfKmf `v[T tiRkfk]fkqf, '[fA[

`v[f mIT pitfTpf piFtftv[f Epa[fB ecyft[.

~zfvari[f `biAvkf ekDtft epriyepRmaqi[f tiRkfk]fkqf

`vtariAk

tiRkfk]fkqf '[fA[ `biv<ekDtftet[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - `v[T tiRkfk]fkqf t[f{Ady `biAvkf klkfkiyT '[fbarf.

vfyakfya[mf

(priy[aki vnft) - pkvtf K]gfkAq `{snftitfT AnnftiraEm,

EcxtfvtfAtybinfT emlinftiraEm, srfEvcfvrA[ ~AcpfpdfDtf

tqrfnftv<dmfpaeyacinftiraEm. (priy) - nrsimfhtfTkfKmf pibfkalikfk

Ev]fDmfpF ;RkfAk. UdfFyidfD vqrftft p[fbi EpaEl udmfAp

vqrftfta[itftA[. (vnft) - ;pfEpaT tamf vyiB piFkfkibarf.

viqkfkmf - (priy[aki vnft) - epriyepRmaqi[f tiRkfklfya] K]gfkAq

']f]i ']f]i udLmf uqfqMmf kAryamlf ;Rnftv[f, ta[f `v{kfK

`FAmpfpdfdv[f '[fpAt `binfT udlf emliyamlf uqfqv[f, t[T

'jma[[akiy `vA[kf kidfdEv]fDmf '[fb ~Ac u]fdaki, `t[alf udlf

;Aqkfkamlf uqfqv[f - ;Av `A[tfTmf ;r]iyA[kf KbipfptaKmf.

(priy) - ;vA[ `zikfk vnft nrsimfh[f Pd ;v[T udlf pRm[f k]fD

cbfB pi[fvagfKmfpF ;Rnftv[f. n[fbak u]v< ekaDtfT vqrfkfkpfpdfd p[fbi

Epal t[T udAl vqrftfta[f.

(`v<]{dlfkI]fd) - nrsimfhtfti{Ady emabanft MkMmf, namFkf eka]fd

utDmf, ecBtfT Enakfki[ EnakfKmf, KtftMBkfki[ Aky<mf k]fdEpaEt

epaCkfki[ p[fbi EpaEl mgfKnaArkf kizikfKmaEpaEl kizitftpF.

viqkfkmf - nrsimfh[i[f EkaptfTd[f PFy Mkmf, nakfAk uqfEq mFtfTkf

eka]fFRnft tiRvayf, tIAykf kkfKmfpFya[ parfAv, oEr `Fyilf uyiAr

'DkfKmfpFyak mFtft tiRkfkrmf - ;Av `A[tfAty<mf k]fdv<dE[Ey

;r]iy[f tIyilf CdfD 'Dtft p[fbi Epal ~kividfda[f. `pfpF ni[fb `vA[,

nIrilf nA[nfT mkfkiy naArkf kizipfpT Epa[fB kizitfta[f.

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(`mrrfkfK `riy ~tipfpira[f) - EtvrfkQkfK utfpatk[a[ matfrEm,

Akyaq[ayf nibfpT ~!trfkfK. ciBkfk{kfK utvi nibfkib niAl t[f[iEl

pfrhfmatikQkfKpf pricfEctikfkeva]f]atpF nibfkib pfrtan[f. kfvahmf rj@

pfrkfRtirIc tEmatiEk `sfminf jatsfsHErtrKEl kfv tva{kmfpa n

pfrhfmE]a n c pvsfy n Av rmya Eya Emrfpit@ cirsi ptfmkrpfrsat@.

viqkfkmf - (`mrrfkfK `riy ~tipfpira[f) - EtvrfkAqpf epaBtftvAryilf

;v[f `vrfkAqpf pAdtftTd[f vidfda[f. ~[alf t[T `FyarfkQkfK

mdfDEm "vlaqf Epa[fB uqfqa[f. mikv<mf cibiy vTAdy pfrhflat{kfK

OFvnfT utviy `v[f, pfrmfm[f Mtla[ Etvrfkqalf 'qitilf Àdy

;ylatv[akEv uqfqa[f. !mtf pakvtmf - kfvahmf rj@ pfrkfRtirIc

tEmatiEk `sfminf jatsfsHErtrKEl kfv tva{kmfpa n pfrhfmE]a n c

pvsfy n Av rmya Eya Emrfpit@ cirsi ptfmkrpfrsat@ - mikv<mf

tazfva[Tmf, tEma K]tftilf nibfpTmf ~kiy ;nft `Cr Kltftilf, rEja

K]mf EmElagfki nibfKmfpF pibnft na[f 'vfvidmf? kRA]Ey vFva[ nI

'vfvidmf? '[T tAlyi[f mIT Avkfkpfpdfd tamAr Epa[fb Akkqf

pfrmfm{AdyEta, civ{AdyEta, lXfmiy<AdyEta `[fB. `vrfkAqkf

kadfFLmf Emla[ u[f{Adyt[fEba - '[fB PbiyT.

(~tipfpira[f) - ta[f MbfEkali upkrikfKmv[f. (pira[f) - pfrhflat{kfK

'qiy[a[ niAly<mf pfrhfmatikQkfK `riy[a[ niAly<mf ;r]fDmf tmkfK

upkarmayiRkfkibT.

viqkfkmf - (~tipfpira[f) - Tyrmf u]fdavtbfK M[fpaktf ta[f OF vnfT

utv<pv[f. (pira[f) - pfrhflat{kfK mikv<mf 'qiyv[ak ;Rnfta[f, pfrmfm[f

uqfqidfd EtvrfkQkfK `riyv[ak ;Rnfta[f. ;nft ;r]fD niAlkQEm

t[kfK utviyak uqfqT '[fbarf.

(`rgfktftmfma[f) - 'lflarfkfKMtv<mfpF EkayiliEl vnfT k]f

vqrfnftRQAkyaEl vnft Ctfti oRkalf EtabfbipfEpatlf, `vtarmf EpaEl

tIrftftmf pfrsatitfTpfEpatlf ecyfyaAmyaEl vnft Ctftiyakv<mamf.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfktftmfma[f) - À[vRkfKmf utv<mf vitmak, tiRvrgfkpf

epriyEkayililf vnfT k]fvqrfnfta[f. mbfb `vtarmf Epa[fB vnfT mAbvT

Epa[fB `lflamlf, niAlyak ;Rtftlf.

(MktfT) - `v{Ady MktfT. (kriyvaki) - vidayftftarf MktftiEl

nIrfevqfqtfAt evdfFvidfdapf EpaElyiRkfAk.

viqkfkmf - (MktfT) - `v{Ady tiRMktftilf. (kriyvaki) - miKnft

takmf 'Dtftv[f mIT nIrf evqfqtfAtpf payfcfciyT Epa[fB.

(p<AdprnfT) - kdAltf tdakmakfki[apfEpaEl ;dMAdtftayiRkfAk.

(miqirfnfT) - tiArvIcikf kAryaLmf vziEpakeva]f]atiRkfAk.

(ecvfvriEyaF) - !y@ptitfvtftaLmf vatfslfytftaLmf civnftiRkfAk. (nI]fd)

- ecviyqv<mf ÀleybiAk.

viqkfkmf - (p<Ad prnfT) - ;v[T tiRkfk]fkqi[f `qva[T, kdLmf oR

cibiy KqEma '[fB Eta[fBmfpF epriy `qv<d[f ;Rnft[. (miqirfnfT) -

kAr mIT eclfpvrfkQmf ndkfk ;ylatpF Àl vICvT Epa[fB, ;vA[

EmEladfdmakpf parftfTcf ec[fBvidlamf '[fB vRpvrfkQmf tpfpikfk

;ylatpF. (ecvfvriEyaF) - !rgfknacfciyari[f _cfvrfytftaLmf, nmf mIT uqfq

vatfslfymf kar]makv<mf civnfTqfqT. (nI]fd) - tiRkfkaTkqf vAr Àl

vICvT Epa[fBqfqT.

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(`pfepriyvayk]fkqf) - pi[fA[y<mf Epakftavi[qv[fbikfEk ;RkfAkyaEl

`pfepriyvayk]fkqf '[fkibarf. ;T '[f[eva]f]aEt pEraX nirfEtcmf

p]f]Ev]fDmfpFyiRkfAk. ('[fA[) - epriym[icfcgfkiGrf na[f.

'[fAvtkftfytfAtpf pbitfTpf epakdfD emqkftfytfAttftnft[. oRv[f

'yfttfAt mbfbv{mf 'yfy<maEpaEl.

viqkfkmf - (`pfepriyvayk]fkqf) - ;vfvitmf plvaB viqkfki[aLmf

MZAmyak `{pvitfTkf Pb ;ylat epaRqak uqfqtalf

`pfepriyvayk]fkqf '[fbarf. 'qitilf `{pvikfkkf PFy epaRqak ;Rnftalf

;T '[fB Pbividlamf. ('[fA[) - 'tbfKmf mciyat epriym[it[f '[fb

niA[vilf ;Rnft '[fA[ o[fBmilflatv[akfki. oRv[f `mfp< ecLtfti

vIzftftiy epaRqi[f mIT mbfebaRv[f `mfp< 'yfvT Epa[fB, ;v[T

tiRvayalf (kdnft paCrmf ka]fk) vIzftftpfpdfd '[fA[, ;pfEpaT t[T

tiRkfk]fkqalf vizftfTkiba[f.

(EpAtAm ecyft[Ev) - ramrcmfEpaEl MFnfT piAzkfkevadfDkib[vilfAl.

;tftalf nrsimfhavtartfti[fpFy<mf ;gfEky<]fed[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - (EpAtAm) - ;ram{Ady pa]tftalf `Fpdfdv[f, cibiT

TFtftaLmf, mr]tfti[f YMlmf `v[f T[fpmf nIgfkiviDmf. ~[alf ;kfk]fkqf

'[T uyiArpf Epakfkamlf vRtfti 'Dkfki[fb[. ;nftpf paCrmf YMlmf

epriyepRmaqidmf nrsimfh `vtartfAty<mf ka]lamf '[fbarf.

9. ~lma mrtfti[f ;Al Emlf oR palk[ayf

walmf "Zmf u]fda[f `rgfktfT `rv< ;[f `A]ya[f

Ekalmf ma m]i ~rMmf MtfTtf tamMmf MFvilflT Orf 'zilf

nIlEm[i _Eya niAb eka]fdT '[f enwfciA[Ey.

epaRqf - mikv<mf epriy ~lmrtfti[f oR cibiy ;Alyi[f mIT,

KznfAtyakkf kidnfta[f. "Z ulkgfkAqy<mf u]fD, t[T vyibfbilf

AvtfTkfeka]fda[f. ;pfpFpfpdfdv[f yarf '[fbalf - tiRvrgfktftilf

~tiEcx[f '[fb pDkfAkAy mikv<mf ;[iAmyakkf eka]fD k]fvqRmf

epriyepRmaqf ~va[f. `v{Ady harma[T mikv<mf cibnft ;rtfti[kf

kbfkqf eka]fD ;AzkfkpfpdfDqfqT, `v[T Mtftalf ~kiy vdmf

'lfAlybfb `zKd[f PFytak uqfqT. kRenyftlf mlrf Epa[fb `v[T

tiREm[iya[T '[f{Ady enwfctfAt ekaqfAq eka]fD, t[f{d[f

'DtfTcf ec[fB vidfdT. _Eya. ;[i ecyfvet[f[?

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nIlEm[i mdfDmf `lfl, ;v[f nIl ~Ady<mf nmfAm ekaqfAq ekaqfQmf

`vtariAk

Urzip>clfEpaEl tiREm[iyi[f nibma[T 'lflavbfAby<gfPdkf eka]fD vnfT

'[fe[wfAckf ekaqfAq eka]fdet[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - pfrqy kaltftilf `v[f `A[tfAty<mf t[f{qf 'DtfTkf

eka]fdT Epa[fB, epriyepRmaqi[f tiREm[i nibma[T `v{Ady pl

~pr]gfkAqy<mf `vyvgfkAqy<mf t[kfKtf TA]yak `AztfTvnfT,

'[T m[Atpf pbitfTcf ec[fBvidfdT '[fbarf.

vfyakfya[mf

(~lmamrtfti[itfyati) - epriy ~lmrtfti{Ady cibfbiAlyiEl yEcataqf

tnnftyMmf epriyet[f{mfpF `tfvitIy[a[ pal[ayf. (oR palk[ayf) -

yEcataqf tnnfty[a[ kfRxf]{mf Mr]itftiRkfKmfpF ;v{Ady palfymf

ecmfpalf paya nibfKmf.

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viqkfkmf - (~lmamrtfti[f ;AlEmlf) - mikv<mf epriyta[ ~lmrtfti[f

cibiy ;Alyilf. yEcaAtyi[f KznfAtya[ kfRxf][f Pd ;vA[ vidpf

epriyv[ak ;Rpfpa[f Epalf uqfqEt '[fB ka]fpvrf PBmf vitmak,

;vA[pf Epa[fB EvB yaRmf ;lflat KznfAtyak. (oR palk[ayf) -

yEcaAtyi[f p<tftir[a[ k]f][f ;vA[ vidpf epriyv[f '[fB u]rftfTmf

vitmak, ;v{Ady ;nfttf Etabfbma[T tayfpfpalf pRKmf AkkfKznfAt

Epa[fbtak uqfqT.

(walmitfyati) - ciB pfrAjkqf p<Eravrftfti ptarftftgfkAq 'DtfT

vayiliDmaEpaEl p>mipfprpfp<Ady vayiEl Avtfta[ayftfT piqfAqtft[mf.

pfrqytftilf t[f[kFt kdntfEtaedakfKmf '[fA[ `kpfpDtfti[pFy<mf.

viqkfkmf - (walmf "Zmf) - cibiy KznfAtkqf tgfkQkfK M[fpak 'nftpf

epaRqf kidnftaLmf `tA[ 'DtfT t[T vayi AvtfTkf ekaqfQmf. `T

Epa[fB ;v[f, t[kfK M[fpak ;Rnft À[tfT ulkgfkAqy<mf t[T

tiRvayilf AvtfTkf eka]fda[f. ciB KznfAtyak uqfqEpaEt t[T

camrftftiymf kar]mak À[tfT ulkgfkAqy<mf viZgfkiyT Epa[fB,

'[fA[tf t[kfK `FAmpfpDtfti[a[f (ulkmf viZgfKvAt vid ;T

kF[mf '[fbarf).

(`rgfktftrvi[A]ya[f) - smfsar pfrqytfti[i[fBmf 'Dkfkkf kidkfkibpF.

`nft ~li[iAlyilf ni[fBmf ;gfEk vrcfcRkfki[vitftA[ ka}mf.

;pfpfrmattfEtaEd PF[ ecyAlcf ecyftae[[fB pypfpDmvrfkqf `cfcmf

ekDmfpF kidkfkibvidmf.

viqkfkmf - (`rgfktfT `rv< ;[f À]ya[f) - smfsarmf '[fb

evqfqtftiliRnfT ;nft ulAkkf kapfpabfbi 'Dpfptbfkak tiRvrgfktftilf

uqfqa[f. `nft ~liAlyiliRnfT cBkfki ~tiEcx[f mIT vnftT Epa[fB,

;gfEk kidkfkiba[f. ;pfpF oR `ti `bfp<tma[ ecyAlcf ecyftv[f ;v[f,

;v[idmf namf eclfl ;yLma '[fB cilrf `v[Rkilf eclfl pypfpdkfPDmf.

`nft `cfcmf nIkfKmfvitmak ;gfK cy[itfTqfqa[f.

(`rvi[A]ya[f) - pfrqytftilf t[f vyibfbiEl p<kaviFlf jktfT

jIviyatapfEpaEl, smfsarikqf t[fMktfEt viziyaviFlf t[kfKcf

eclflat[pF.

viqkfkmf - (`rv< ;[f À]ya[f) - pfrqytfti[f EpaT ulkgfkqf

À[tfTmf ;v[f vyibfbilf eclflvilfAl '[fbalf ;pfEpaT ;RnftiRkfk

MFyaT. `TEpa[fB, t[fA[ smfsarikqf ka]amlf ;Rnftalf, `t[alf

ta[f vRtftpfpdfD kidpfpv[f.

(Ekalmam]iyarMmf) - `zkiytayfpf epRviAly[ayiRnfTqfq rtfngfkqaEl

ecyfypfpdfd ~rMmf. (MtfTtftamMmf) - MtfTmaAly<mf. (Ekalmf) - ;T

epRmaAqcf ecalfLkibT.

viqkfkmf - (Ekalmam]iyarMmf) - miKnft viAl uAdyT, mikv<mf

`zka[T, ;rtfti[kf kbfkqf ptikfkpfpdfdT, ;pfpFpfpdfd harmf.

(MtfTtftammf) - MtfT maAl. (Ekalmf) - nmfepRmaQd[f uqfq `zK.

(MFvilflEtaerzilf nIlEm[i) - `vti ka]eva]f]at `zAky<Ady

enyftft tiREm[i. (_Eya) - pcfAccfcdfAd uDtfTtf

t[kfKqfqtfAtyAdykfkadfF '[kfKqfqtfAtyAdykf eka]fda[f. (niAb

eka]fdet[fe[wfciA[Ey) - '[kfK `kvayilf kamfpIrfytfAtpf

EpakvFtftT.

viqkfkmf - (MFvilflT Orf 'zilf) - 'lfAl ka] ;ylatpF `zAky<mf

oqiAyy<mf eka]fd tiREm[i. (_Eya) - t[f{Ady tiREm[iyi[f nibtfAtkf

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mdfDEm kadfF, '[f{AdyT '[fB na[f niA[tft '[f m[Atkf ekaqfAq

`FtfTvidfdaE[. (niAb eka]fdT) - '[T m[tilf uqfq `A[tfAty<mf

'DtfTkf eka]fda[f.

;pfpadfdalf vdtqcynMmf epriyepRmaqf pkfkliEl u]fed[fkibT.

viqkfkmf - ;t[f YMlmf ~liAl mIT cy[itft k]f][i[f t[fAmkqf

epriyepRmaqidmf ka]lamf '[fbarf.

10. eka]fdlf v]f]A[kf Ekavl[ayf ev]fe]yf

u]fd vay[f '[f uqfqmf kvrfnftaA[

`]fdrf Eka[f `]i `rgfk[f '[f `MtiA[kf

k]fd k]fkqf mbfB o[fbiA[kf ka]aEv

epaRqf - mAzkfkal Emkmf Epa[fB uqfqv{mf, ~yrfKltftilf pibnfT

ev]fe]yf u]fdv{mf, '[T m[tfAtkf ekaqfAq eka]fdv{mf,

nitfyVrikqi[f tAlv{mf, ;nft ulkibfEk ~pr]maktf tikZmf

tiRvrgfktftilf cy[itfTqfqv{mf ~kiy epriyepRmaAq na[f k]fEd[f.

'[kfK `mirftmf Epa[fB `v[f uqfqa[f. ;pfpFpfpdfd epriyepRmaAqkf

k]fd pi[f[rf, ;nftkf k]fkqf prmptnatA[kf Pdkf ka]tf tyarak

;lfAl.

u]fEda ;nft vsfTv<kfK opfpa[Etarf :D?

`vtariAk

nikmtftilf, ;vfvqv<mf jfwansaXatfkarmf, Emlf Elaksargfk mhaM[ikqf

Etaqilf vnfT p<KnfT vi]f]pfpwfecyfkibarf. epriyepRmaqzAkkf k]fd

k]fkqf mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aev[fkibarf.

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viqkfkmf - EmEl Pbiy o[fpT paCrgfkqa[Av, tiRpfpa]azfvarf

Elaksargfk M[ivri[f mIT `mrfnfT vRmfEpaT, t[f{Ady wa[kfk]f]alf

k]fdvbfAb vrf]ipfpAv ~Kmf. ;nftpf paCrtfAtpf epriyepRmaqf

tiRM[fpak ni[fB `Rqicf ecyfkibarf. ;v{Ady `zAkkf k]fd t[T

k]fkqf, EvB 'tA[y<mf ;[ikf ka]aT '[fB PBkibarf.

vfyakfya[mf

(eka]fdlfv]f]A[) - taptfrytftaEl vidayftft tmf vidayf tIRmfpFyayf

`tferq cyaQriv cItqkaqEmk@ '[fkibpFEy vrfxHkma[ kaqEmkmf

EpaElyiRkfkib tiRnibtfAty<AdyvA[. p[f[IrfkfKpfpi EpaEl

uqfQqfqAveylflamf p<bmfEp nizlidfdpF.

viqkfkmf - (eka]fdlfv]f]A[) - ;nft ulkilf uqfqtalf u]fdaKmf

YM[fB vitma[ T[fpgfkQmf t[kfKtf tIRmfpF uqfqv[f. 'pfpF?

!rgfkrajsftvtftilf (1-82) - `tferq cyaQriv cItq kaqEmk@ - Kqirfnft

nIrf eka]fd mAzkfkal Emkmf Epa[fbv[f - '[fB pdfdrf PbiypFy<qfq

tiREm[i nibmf eka]fdv[f. p[f[Irf ecamfp< Epa[fB, t[f{qf uqfq

`A[tfTmf evqiyilf etriy<mfpF uqfqv[f.

(Ekavl[ayf ev]fe]y<]fdvay[f) - ;Ady[ayf ev]fe]yf u]fd

tiRpfpvqtfAt uAdyvA[. ckfrvrftftitf tiRmk[akilf ev]fe]y<]f]

evadfdarfkeq[fB kRtfT. (Ekavl[f) - ~pijatfymf, epRmaQkfKkf

kdfD]fpT `Fy<]fptakkf kiAdkfKEma?

viqkfkmf - (Ekavl[ayf ev]fe]yf u]fd vay[f) - ;Ady[ak `vtritfT

ev]fe]Ay u]fd pvzmf Epa[fB `zkakcf civnft tiRvayf uAdyv[f.

ckfrvrftftitf tiRmk[f '[fbalf ev]fe]yf u]f] `r]fmA[yilf uqfqvrfkqf

vidmadfd[rf '[fptalf k]f][akkf Pbi[arf. (Ekavl[f) - ;ram[ak

;Rnftalf ;v{kfK tayi[f Akkqalf kdfdpfpDvT, `FpDvT Mtla[

EpB kidfdaT `lflEva?

(ev]fe]y<]fdvay[f) - kqv< k]fD oqitfT vnfT kidkfkibv[f,

epriyepRmaqf ekaBdfAd EmanfT parftftalf ;pfEpaT ev]fe]yf

nabanibfKmf.

viqkfkmf - (ev]fe]yf u]fd vay[f) - ev]fe]Aytf tiRF u]fDvidfD,

yEcaAtkfKpf pynfT, tiRvrgfktftilf vnfT oqinfTqfqa[f. ;[fBmf

epriyepRmaqi[f k[f[gfkAq MkrfnfT parftftalf ev]fe]yf vacmf vICvAt

u]rlamf.

('[f{qfqgfkvrfnftaA[) - '[fe[wfAc `phritftvA[. Ekavl[ayf

ev]fe]y<]fdapfEpaEl eka]fdlfv]f][ayf '[f{qfqgfkvrfnftvA[.

yEcaAtpf piradfFy<Ady ev]fe]yiEl p]f]i[ cfrtfAtAy '[fe[wfciEl

p]f]i p<jitftvA[. Avtft KbiyziyatiRkfk ev]fe]yf KFEpa[apf

EpaElyayftfT ;vRdmfpiRkfk `kvayf KFEpa[pF.

viqkfkmf - ('[f uqfqmf kvrfnftaA[) - '[T m[At `pkritfTcf

ec[fbvA[. k]f][ak vnfT ev]fe]yf u]fdTEpa[fB, mAzkfkal

Emkmf Epa[fb tiREm[i nibmf eka]fD '[T uqfqtfAtkf kvrfnftvA[,

yEcaAtyi[f ev]fe]yilf 'tftA[ :DpaD AvtftiRnftaE[a, `Et `qv<

:DpadfAd '[T m[ti[f mITmf eka]fDqfqvA[, yEcaAtyi[f vIdfFlf `vqf

AvtfTqfq ev]fe]yf ubiyiliRnfT 'DtftT etriyamlf 'Dtftv[f, ;[fB

;vrT udli[f uqfEq ;RkfKmf enwfctfAt 'DtftT etriyamlf

`pkritfta[f.

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(`]fdrfEka[f) - tiRvayfpfpaFyiliAdkfKltfTkfK nirfvahke[[f{tlf,

`]fdanftrfvrftftikqa[ ~tfmvrfkfktfTkfK nirfvahke[[f{tlf.

(`]iyrgfke[[f[MtiA[) - EtvrfkqiAdy upfp<cfcaB Epal[fB ;vRAdy

`mfRtmf.

viqkfkmf - (`]fdrfEka[f) - tiRvayfpfpaFyilf uqfq ;Adyrfkqi[f

KltfTkfKtf tAlv[f, `]fdgfkqi[f uqfq ;RkfKmf ;nft ~tfmakfkqf

À[tftibfKmf tAlv[f. (`]i `rgfk[f '[f `MtiA[) - EtvrfkQkfKkf

kdAlkf kAdnftEpaT u]fda[ upfp<cfcaB `mirftmak ;RnftT. `nft

`mirfttfAtkf kadfFLmf ;vRkfK epriyepRmaqf ;[iy `mirftmak

;Rnfta[f.

('[f[MtiA[) - pfrhfmatikQkfK MtliyayiRkfKmf, '[kfKcf cakamlf

kakfKmf `mfRtmayiRkfKmf. (k]fdk]fkqf) - CAvybinft k]fkqf,

cfrvE]nftfriy matfrm[fbiEy vidayf tIrkfk]fd k]fkqf.

viqkfkmf - ('[f `MtiA[) - pfrmfm[f Mtla[ EtvrfkQkfK `nft `mirftmf,

`vrfkqf udAl cakamlf kapfpabfBmf. ;nft `rgfk[f '[fb `Mtmf '[T

~tfmaAvkf kapfpabfBmf `mirftmaKmf. (k]fd k]fkqf) - `rgfkA[kf k]fD,

`nft `mirfttfti[f CAv 'pfpFpfpdfdT '[fB `binft k]fkqf. `vA[pf

pbfbikf katalf EkdfpT mdfDEm `lflamlf, '[T kAqpfp< À[tfTmf

nIgfKmfpF k]fd k]fkqf.

(mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv) - paEva nanfytfr kcfcti EpaEl k]fkQkfKpf

pcfAcyidfdaLmf EvebaR `rfcfcavtarmf `vtar viEcxmf ;vbfAb ;pfpF

viRmfpi Epakfyem[fB kRtaT. kadfcieyaziy EvebaR plmf ecalflavidfdT

plMmf kadfciEyyaAkyaEl. Mkftpfrapfyem[fB oR EtcvixtftiEl Epa[aLmf

stapcfynftiyiEb.

viqkfkmf - (mbfeba[fbiA[kf ka]aEv) - `{m[f ;ramay]tftilf - paEva

nanfytfr kcfcti - ;ramA[ vidfD '[T niA[va[T AvK]fdnat[idmf

Pdcf eclfvtilfAl - '[fba[f. ;T Epa[fB ;vRmf uqfqarf. mbfebaR

`rfcfcavtartfAtEya `lflT vipv `vtartfAtEya ;[i ;kfk]fkqf

viRmfpi "bfkaT. ;t[f YMlmf k]fkqf Àdy<mf pl[f '[f[ '[fpAtkf

Pbamlf, mbfb 'tA[y<mf ;nftkf k]fkqf ka]aT '[fbarf. ~k, mbfb

'tA[y<mf ka]amlf ;RpfpEt ;kfk]fkqf epbfb py[f '[fB kRtfT.

Mkftrfkqalf ÀdypfpDmf py[a[ epriyepRmaAq ;vrf `{pvitfttalf,

EvB 'tA[y<mf PbvilfAl.

tmfAmcf ecalfLtlf, padfDkfK sgfkfAy ecalfLtlf ecyfyilf kArEmEl

ni[fb `lflat ~zfvarfkEqapatiyavrf. `sftamitanfy pavmamfpF `zkiEl

:DpdfDtf tmfAm mbnftarf. Enapjmf sfmrnfnitmf crIrmf '[fkibpFEy

Mkftpfrapfyma[ p<RxarftfttfAt `{pvitftaer[fAkyaEl 'lflamf `v[f

ecalfElyayfvidfdT.

viqkfkmf - mbfb ~zfvarfkAqpf Epa[fB ;vrf tmfMAdy epyArkf PBvT,

paCrtfti[f ']f]ikfAkAykf PBvT Epa[fb ecylfkAq ;vrf

ecyfyvilfAl. ~kEv mbfb ~zfvarfkqf Epa[fB `rgfk[f '[fb ntiyi[f

kAryiEl ni[fB ;vrf nIradvilfAl. `nft `mirft evqfqtfti[f uqfEq MZki,

`tilf :DpdfD, `zkiym]vaq[i[f `zkilf t[fA[Ey mbnftarf. canfEtakfy

up[ixtf - Enapjmf sfmrnfnitmf crIrmf - Mkfti epbfb ~tfma, t[T

ubvi[rfkqi[f nDvilf uqfq t[T pAzy udAl niA[pfpT ;lfAl -

'[fbT. ;Et Epa[fB, ;vRmf t[fA[ mbnfT, Mkfti epbfb ~tfma `vA[

`{pvipfpT Epa[fB ni[fbarf. ~kEv ;vrf PbiyAv À[tfTmf `vA[pf

pbfbi mdfDEm ÀmnfTvidfdT.

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;pfpadfFlf kfRxf]{AdypFy<mf ;gfEk u]fed[fkibarf.

viqkfkmf - ;nftpf paCrmf YMlmf epriyepRmaqidmf k]f][i[f t[fAmkAqy<mf

ka]lamf '[fbarf.

tiRpfpa]azfvarf `Rqicfecyft `ml[atipira[f Cpmf

epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq `Rqicfecyft `ml[atipira[f

vfyakfya[mf Cpmf

tiRpfpa]azfvarf tiRvFkEq cr]mf

epriyvacfca[fpiqfAq tiRvFkEq cr]mf

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Lord of Srirangam’


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. ïI> .

. ïImte ramanujay nm> .

. ïimte ingmaNt mhadeizkay nm> .

IIINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

Muni Vaahana BhOgam is a MaNipravALa Grantham and is considered as the 28th Rahasya Grantham of Swamy Desikan.

In Muni Vaahana BhOgam, Swamy Desikan refers to ThiruppANar as the One, who saw and enjoyed the krupA Saagaram (Ocean of Mercy), Lord RanganAthan inside the primordial PraNavAkAra VimAnam at Srirangam.

With great pride, Swamy Desikan identified ThiruppAnar as “my PaaNan”. He sums up the import of ThiruppANa Nathan’s prabhandham as the seed of all fruits of VedAntham elaborated by Vedic scholars:

ேவதியர் தாம் விாித் ைரக்கும் விைள க்ெகல்லாம்

விைத ஆகும் இ என் விளம்பிேனாேம

vEdiyar taam viritthuraikkum viLaivukellAm vidhai aahum ithu yenru viLampinOmE

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This prabhandham is the seed for all what VedanthIs elaborate as the fruits of BrahmOpAsanam. Swami goes onto say that the ten paasurams of ThiruppANar as “pazha maRayin poruL” (the meaning of ancient VedAs).

Swami points out the uniqueness of this prabhandham of ThiruppANar among all the other divya prabhandhams. He says that the AmalanaadhipirAn Sri Sookthi is not too long (athi vistharam), not too short (athi sankOcham), does not generate any doubts (SamsayAthi Janakathvam) or sorrow due to separation from the Lord as Naayikai (Viraha KlEsam); there is no sending of messengers to plead the case to unite the Jeevan with the Lord (DhUtha prEkshaNam), no instructions to others (parOpadEsam) and criticism of the other mathams (Para-Matha nirasanam). It is just a rich treasure of Bhagavadh Anubhava Ghana Rasam (the rich delight arising from the total enjoyment of the Lord's soundharyam and kalyAna guNAs). All the ten paasurams of this AdhyAthma Prabhandham thus differ from the aruLic- cheyalkaL of other AzhwArs according to Swami Desikan.

At the beginning of this Rahasya grantham, Swamy Desikan expresses his desire to comment on the AmalanAdhipiran with great control of senses for the benefit of BhaagavathOtthamAs:

िचाशित भा िवर-तोषया वटश किवःे े

मिदत मक िवलोकन मिनवाहन सकिव सिम इमाम ु ु ु ुु ू ् ्

vyacikyASati bhaktyA virakta-tOshayA vEnkatESa kavi:

Mudita Mukunda vilOkana MunivAhana sukavi sooktim imam||


The poet with the name of VenkatEsan wishes to comment with indhriya nigraham (with rigorous control over his sense organs) on the Sri Sookthi of


97

the great poet ThiruppANar, who traveled on the back of Loka Saaranga Muni as his vaahanam and who was eager to enjoy the soundharyam of the Lord of Srirangam, whose heart delights in seeing His Bhakthan.

'Srirangam Gopuram'

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PPPAASURAMAASURAMAASURAM 1: M 1: M 1: MUNIVAAHANAUNIVAAHANAUNIVAAHANA B B BHOGAMHOGAMHOGAM

பாவள ம் தமிழ் மைறயின் பயேன கண்

பாண் ெப மாள் பா யேதார் பாடல் பத்தில்

காவல ம் கணவ மாய் கலந் நின்ற

காரணைனக் க த் ற நாம் கண்ட பின்

ேகாவல ம் ேகாம ம் ஆனவன்னாள்

குரவி ணர் ேகாவியர் தம் குறிப்ேப ெகாண்

ேசவ டன் பிாியாத ேபைட ேபால் ேசர்ந்

தீ விைனேயார் தனிைம ெயல்லாம் தீர்ந்ேதாம் நாேம

PaavaLarum Tamizh maRayin PayanE KaNDu

PaaNN PerumAL PaadiyathOr paadal patthil

Kaavalanum KaNavanumaai kalanthu ninRa

KaaraNanaik KarutthuRa naam kaNDa pinpu

kOvalanum kOmAnum aanavannAL

Kuravi puNar kOviyar tamm kuRippE kONDu

sEvaludan piriyAtha pEdai pOl sErnthu

thee vinaiyOr tanimai yellAm thIrnthOm naamE


ThiruppAnar's dhivya prabhandham in the form of Tamizh Vedam has the quintessence of ancient Vedams. This Prabhandham is the one sung by PaaNa Naathan and is revered as AmalanAdhipirAn. The ten paasurams of this Prabhandham are matchless in their glory. We have studied and etched their meanings in our mind and comprehended the Lord as the Sarva Rakshakan, Loka


99

Naayakan and Sarva KaaraNan. After that delectable experience, we have the matchless status of the Gopis, who were united with Lord KrishNa during RaasakrIdai and felt as the female bird that never leaves the side of its male companion.

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ஆதி மைறெயனேவாங்கும் அரங்கத் ள்ேள

அ ளாள ம் கடைலக்கண்டவன் என் பாணான்

ஓதியேதார் இ னாங்கும் இரண் மான

ஒ பத் ம் பற்றாஹ உணர்ந் ைரத்ேதாம்

நீதியறியாத நிைலஅறிவார்க்ெகல்லாம்

நிைல இ ேவ என் நிைல நா நின்ேறாம்

ேவதியர் தாம் விாித் ைரக்கும் விைள க்ெகல்லாம்

விைதயாகும் இ ெவன் விளம்பிேனாேம

Aadhi maRaiyenavOngum ArangatthuLLE

AruLALarum kadalaikkaNDavan Yenn PaaNan

OdhiyathOr irunaankum iraNDumAna

oru patthum paRRAha uNarnthuraitthOm

neethiyaRiyAtha nilaiaRivArkkellAm

nilai ithuvE yenRu nilai naadi ninROm

Vedhiyar thAmm viritthuraikkum viLaivukkellAm

vidhaiyAhum ithuvenRu viLambinOmE


In the second verse, Swami states that the work of the Azhwar as an extraordinarily unique poem that has to be learnt, studied, explained and meditated upon. He describes the poem as a true summary of all discourses on the Vedas given by all learned scholars. An understanding of this poem is tantamount to an understanding of the essentials of Vedantha. Swami claims


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that the Azhwar is his PaaNan, who has seen the Lord of Sri Rangam, the ocean of Daya and limitless grace at HIS sanctum sanctorum and sung about HIS greatness in ten stanzas containing the essence of the Vedas and Vedantha.

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காண்பன ம் உைரப்பன ம் மற் ஒன் இன்றிக்

கண்ணனேய கண் ைரத் க ய காதல்

பண் ெப மாள் அ ள் ெசய்த பாடல் பத் ம்

பழ மைறயின் ெபா ெளன் பர கின்ேறாம்

ண் ெபாிய விாி திைர நீர் ைவயத் ள்ேள

ேவதாந்த வாாியன் என் இயம்பா நின்ேறாம்

நாம் ெபாிேயாம் அல்ேலாம் நாம் நன் ம் தீ ம்

நமக்குைரப்பார் உளார் என் நா ேவாேம

kaaNbanavum uraippanavum maRRonRinaik-

KaNNanayE kaNDuraittha kadiya kaathal

PaNN PerumAL seytha paadal patthum

pazha maRayin poruLyenRu paravuhinROm

vENN periya viri thirai neer vyatthuLLE

VedAntha VaariyanenRiyamba ninROm

nAmm PeriyOmallOm nAmm nanRum theethum

namakkuraippAr uLarenRu naaduvOmE


In the third verse, Swami Desikan offers his highest tribute to the Azhwar and his verses. He says: “PaNN perumal is the one, who spoke only of the supreme Brahman (Kannan) after having seen HIM (directly) as Ranganatha, neglecting everything else as nothing to be seen or spoken of; the Azhwar had unsurpassed devotion towards the Lord; his songs are acclaimed to be the essence of the beginning-less Vedas (and we adore them). adiyEn (Vedantha Desika) got the title of Vedanthaacharya from the Lord of Sri Rangam in this


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world, surrounded by the vast sea — it is my submission that adiyEn abhors ego and am devoid of pride; whatever greatness is spoken of me, it is only the fruit of the preceptor’s blessings and so adiyEn ever resorts to the great teachers (like the Azhwaar) for their instructions on the good and evil.”

In the fourth and final verse on the Azhwar, Swami Desikan states that the Verses known as Amalanaadhipiran are the essence of the innumerable Vedic Texts and prays for the Azhwar’s blessings to understand their full meaning.

Swami Desikan concludes his commentary with a beautiful phalasruthi slOkam-

मिनवाहन भोगोयम मैय रसोपमःु ु् र्

कपया रनाथ बताथायत नः सदा ृ ु र् ु

MunivAhana bhOgOyam muktaisvarya rasOpama:

krupayA ranganAthasya krutArthAyatu na: sadA ||


This rahasya grantham (MunivAhana BhOgam) is equal in anubhavam to the BrahmAnandha Rasam enjoyed by the Muktha Jeevans in Parama Padham. May this make all of the readers krutha Kruthya: (the ones, who realized the object of their desires) through the mercy of Lord RanganAthA.

In his phala sruthi on MunivAhana BhOgam, Swami Desikan hints at his composition as equal to “muktha isvarya rasOpama:” (equivalent to the brahmAnandham experienced by the muktha Jeevans and Nithya sUris in Nithya VibhUthi/Sri Vaikuntam).

That is because the subject matter deals with the paripoorna anubhavam and enjoyment of the Supreme (ParamAnandham) to the exclusion of all the other pleasures by ThiruppANAzhwAr at the bhUloka Vaikuntam that made him declare “amudhinaikkanda KaNNgal maRRonRinaikkANAvE”.

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SSSWAMYWAMYWAMY D D DESIKANESIKANESIKAN'''SSS S S SUMMARYUMMARYUMMARY OFOFOF THETHETHE 1 1 1STSTST PA PA PASURAMSURAMSURAM OFOFOF A A AMALANAATHIPIRAANMALANAATHIPIRAANMALANAATHIPIRAAN

Now, adiyEn will focus on Swami Sri Desikan's summary of the extraordinary meanings embedded in the most magnificent first paasuram of Amalanaathipiraan.

Swami Sri Desikan in his Rahasya Grantham, Muni Vaahana BhOgam, picks out 15 of the limitless auspicious attributes of Sri RanganathA and instructs us on the high point of each of these 15 kalyANa guNAs. adiyEn will focus on this area of the anubhavam of Swami Sri Desikan.

The fifteen gunaas for Sri Ranganathan picked out by ThiruppANar according to Swami Desikan are:

1. Moksha Pradhathvam/samsAra VinAsanam: Conferral of Moksham and thereby freeing us from the recurring cycles of births and deaths. Conferral of the boon of Nithya Kaimkaryam to Him and His consort in Paramapadham.

2. Jagath Kaaranathvam: Being fundamentally responsible for the creation, protection and the dissolution of the Universe. Being the sole cause of all chEthanams and achEthanams and not being supported by any other entity or principle regarding His Jn~Anam and sakthi.

3. SaraNyathvam: Being the SaraNyan (refuge) for those, who surrender to Him through the AchArya Mukha Prapatthi or the other three types of prapatthi. Assuring everyone that seek Him that there is no need to look for others to protect them.

4. UpakArathva Kaashtai: Helping His BhakthAs and coming to their rescue without hesitation on Kshudra VyAjam (very little effort) and making Himself the object of our enjoyment inspite of His unimaginably lofty status as Ubhaya VibhUthi NAthan (Lord of Nithya and LeelA vibhUthi). Even after this extraordinary help, our Lord feels that He is indebted forever to His bhakthAs because of His inability to give even more than what He has blessed us with (viz)., Moksham.

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5. KrupA Kaashtai: Unique and incomparable mercy (KaruNai) for even those, who commit unspeakable offenses and yet saving them. This rises from His saraNAgatha Rakhaka Vratham that led Him to say that he will offer protection to even RaavaNA, if he sought His refuge and gave up his ill deeds. Through the small act (kshaNa karthavyam) of Prapatthi, He is able to give the huge boon of residence in Sri Vaikuntam. After that granting of the boon, the Lord feels uncomfortable still over the thought that He has nothing more to give.

6. SvAthanthrya Kaashtai: Ability to elevate those, whom He wants to bless and protecting them in that status against anybody's efforts to counter what He established through His sankalpam.

7. NirdhOshathva Kaashtai: Being forever blemishless (amalathvam). Even if He has affiliation to the blemish-containing entities that cause everyone ajn~aanam and dukkham, He does not incur any ajn~aanam or dukkham. The classic Upanishadic passage of the two birds sitting on the branch of the same tree with one experiencing false knowledge and sorrows and the other not tempted by these experiences.

8. Swaamithva Kaashtai or Being the supreme Lord of every one including Brahman, Indran and all the others.

9. Soulabhya Kaashtai: ease of access, Bhaktha Sulabhan. He permits even those, who want to go away because of the fear of His grandeur to approach Him comfortably.

10. Souseelya Kaashtai: Lowering Him to the level of even those, who doubt His Lordship (Isavarathvam) and taking the trouble to answering them and keeping them in His fold.

11. Vaathsalya Kaashtai: Out of His limitless affection for His dearest BhakthAs, He ignores their occasional trespasses and continues to look after their yoga KshEmam.

12. Parama PrApyathva Kaashtai: Being the sole object of attainment as Parama PurushArtham.


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13. Aasritha PakshapAtha Kaashtai: Being Sarva VarNa samaanan (equal of

approach to all four VarNams), He blesses those, who seek refuge in Him by canceling anything countering His sankalpam to protect His BhakthAs). This arises from His predisposition (pakshapAtham) to those, who sought His protection (aasrithAL).

14. BhOgyathva Kaashtai: Conferring the sweetness of the enjoyment of His soundharyam.

15. ayathna BhOgyathva Kaashtai: Blessing capacity to let one enjoy Him without the intercession of the Indriyams. His svAbhavika anubhAvyathvam is referred to here. Just as the breeze carries the fragrance of the flowers; He comes in an uninterruptible way and lets our eyes enjoy His holy feet without satiety.

All these 15 kalyANa guNams are celebrated in the very first verse of AmalanAdhipirAn Sri Sookthi according to Swami Desikan.

AzhwAr, Swami Desikan ThiruvadigaLE SaraNam

daasan, Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri SaThakOpan

amalanaathipiraan

Documents

Transcript of amalanaathipiraan