Alziemer’s Disease & DementiaPresented by

Jessica Faye Manansala

Alzheimer’s disease Alzhiemer’s disease or senile dementia of the

alzheimer’s type

Is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative brain disorder accompanied by profound effects on memory, cognition, and ability for self care

About 10% of the population are older than 65 are affected.

Alzheimer is one of the most fear in modern times.

The most common form of dementia

pathophysiology

Change occur in the protein of the nerve

cell s of the cerebral cortex and lead to

accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles

and neuritic plaques (deposits of protein

and altered cell structures on the

interneuronal junctions) and

granulovascular degeneration.

Cause is unknown, but genetics and female

gender are rare risk factor

Clinical manifestation Short term memory (early stage)

Language disturbanve (word finding difficulty)

Visual processing difficulty

Inability to perform skilled motor activities

Poor abstract reasoning and concentration

Personality change (irritability and suspiciousness and disorienttation to time and space

Difficulty planning meals

Driving without getting loss

Middle stage clinical manifestations

Repetitive action

Nocturnal restlessness

Apraxia (impaired ability to perform

purposeful activity)

Aphasia (inability to speak)

Agraphia (inability to write)

Late stage

Loss of social inhibitions and loss of

spontaneity

Delusion

Hallucination

Wandering behavior

Complication

Injury due to lack of insight, hallucinations

and confusion

Malnutrition due to inattention to

mealtime and hunger or lack of the ability

to prepare meal

Diagnostic evaluation

Noncontrast computed tomography (CT)

- to rule out other neurologic condition

MRI

Neuropsychological test – include some

mental status assessment

Managemet

Cholinestrase inhibitor are only treatmemt for cognitive impairment of AD. tacrine(cognex) and donepzil (aricept)

Behavioral disturbance may requires antipsychotic such as clozapine(clozaril), risperidone (risperdal)

Olanzapine (zyprexia)

Nonpharmacologic treatment

- Orientation and memory retaining

- Reminiscence therpy

Dementia

Primary dementia – degenerative disorders that are progressive, irreversible and not due to other condition

Signs

• Relying on memory helpers

• Trouble finding words

• Struggling to complete familiar actions

• Confusion about time, place or people

• Misplacing familiar objects

• Onset of new depression or irritability

• Making bad decisions

• Personality changes

• Loss of interest in important

responsibilities

• Seeing or hearing things

• Expressing false beliefs

Other forms of Dementia

Creuzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Frontotemporal Dementia

Huntington’s Disease

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Parkinson’s Dementia

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

THANK YOU