Aluminium – Iron – Zincextras.springer.com/2005/978-3-540-25013-5/...Aluminium – Iron – Zinc...

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Landolt-BörnsteinNew Series IV/11A3

MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

Aluminium – Iron – Zinc

Gautam Ghosh

Literature Data

Constitutional equilibria in the Al-Fe-Zn system is very important for the production of high qualityZn-coatings in steels by a process commonly known as hot-dip galvanizing. As a result, a large number ofexperimental studies have been carried out to determine the phase equilibria. The earlier results [1922Fue,1934Fue, 1945May, 1947May, 1953Geb, 1953Ray, 1961Ren] on the phase equilibria were reviewedseveral times [1943Mon, 1952Han, 1961Phi, 1969Wat, 1976Mon]. [1953Ray] studied the solidificationusing about 150 ternary alloys, and also reported isothermal sections at 350 and 370°C. [1961Ren]investigated the phase equilibria in alloys containing up to 20 mass% Al and 20 mass% Fe. They reportedisothermal sections at 600, 400°C and at room temperature. The most comprehensive study was carried outby [1970Koe] and [1971Koe]. They investigated a large number of alloys containing up to 60 mass%(Fe+Zn). The alloys were prepared using Armco-grade Fe and 99.99 mass% Al and Zn. The ternary alloyswere prepared by adding either Fe or Zn to a master alloy of Fe:Al 50:50 or to pure Al. The solidificationpath and the isothermal sections were determined by means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction andmicrostructural investigations. They presented a reaction scheme, liquidus surface, nine isothermal sectionsin the temperature range of 250 to 700°C, and four temperature-composition sections. [1973Ure1]investigated the partial isothermal section at 450°C by means of metallography and electron microprobeanalysis. They carried out equilibration experiments using solid Al-Fe intermetallic (FeAl, FeAl2, Fe2Al5,or Fe4Al13) and either liquid Zn or Zn-1.71Al (mass%) alloy. Prepared samples in evacuated capsules wereheld at 450°C for 800 h followed by quenching in iced water. These results were critically assessed by[1992Gho] and [1992Rag].Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the phase equilibria, particularly the Zn corner around 450°C,due to very stringent quality control requirements of galvanized steel sheets for the automotive industry. Asa result, recent studies are focused primarily in experimental determination [1990Che, 1992Per, 1994Tan,1995Tan2, 1996Tan, 1997Gyu, 1997Uwa1, 1999Tan] and CALPHAD modeling [1991Bel, 1992Per,1999Cos, 2001Gio, 2002Bai] of phase equilibria of the Zn corner in the temperature range of 450 to 470°C.Due to rapid interfacial reaction between steel and liquid Al-Zn alloys, the importance of metastableequilibria [1991Bel, 1992Per, 2002Bai], diffusion path [1992Per, 1998Ada, 1998Uch1, 1998Uch2,2002Bai], and the mechanism of phase transformations [1994Lin, 1995Lin1, 1995Lin2, 1995Tan1,1995Yam2, 1997Mcd, 1997Mor, 1997Ser, 1998Ada, 1998Uch1, 1998Uch2, 1998Yam, 2002Bai] duringinterfacial reaction have also been elucidated.[1990Che] prepared three ternary alloys using Al, Fe and Zn powders of unspecified purity. The final heattreatment of the alloys was annealing at 450°C for about 10 h. The phase equilibria were determined byXRD and SEM/EDX techniques. [1991Bel] determined the stable and metastable solubility limits of Fe inliquid (Zn) 447 to 480°C. [1992Per] determined the metastable and stable isothermal sections at 450°Cbased on the interfacial reaction studies between solid Al-Fe and liquid Al-Zn alloys. They used Al-Fealloys containing 5, 29 and 36 at.% Al, and liquid Al-Zn alloys containing 0.12, 0.22, 0.39 and 11.2 at.%Al. Both short time (less than 30 min) and long time (1000 h) experiments were carried out. The phasecompositions were determined by SEM/EDX technique. [1994Tan] reported an isothermal section of Zncorner at 470°C. Tang [1995Tan2, 1996Tan] reported the phase equilibria at 450°C by combining theresults of [1990Che] and his experimental data of the Zn-corner. [1997Uwa1] prepared four ternary alloysby dry ball milling. They used elemental powders of following purity: 99.5% Al, 99.9+% Fe and 99.9% Zn.The ball milled powders were annealed at 300, 400 and 570°C for 3 h. They used DSC to study phasetransformations, and XRD to identify the phases. Some of the controversial results of [1997Uwa1] havebeen the subject of extensive discussions [1997Tan, 1997Uwa2, 1998Tan, 1998Uwa]. [2000Tan]determined the Fe solubilities in dilute liquid Al-Zn alloys in the temperature range of 450 to 480°C. Heprepared 16 ternary alloys containing up to 0.1 mass% Fe and up to 0.23 mass% Al using 99.5% pure Fe

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MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

and Al, and special high grade Zn. The final equilibrations of encapsulated samples were carried out at 450,465 and 485°C for 40 h followed by water quenching. The phase equilibria information were extracted fromSEM/EDX analysis. [2002Tan] re-investigated the phase equilibria of the Zn corner at 435°C using sixternary alloys. They were annealed at 450°C for 15 days, and composition of phases were determined bySEM-EDS analysis. [2002Bai] reported a calculated isothermal section at 450°C. These recent results havebeen reviewed by [2003Rag].

Binary Systems

The Al-Fe, Al-Zn and Fe-Zn binary phase diagrams are accepted from [2003Pis], [2003Per] and [1982Kub],respectively.There are some differences between the presently accepted binary phase diagrams and those accepted bythe previous investigators [1953Ray, 1970Koe, 1971Koe]. For example, [1970Koe] and [1971Koe]accepted an Al-Fe phase diagram in which all the order-disorder transitions involving ("Fe), "1 and "2phases were considered to be first order, whereas in this assessment, ("Fe) º "2 and "1 º "2 reactions havebeen considered to be second order [1982Kub] reflected by the absence of the corresponding two-phasefields. Furthermore, the Al-Fe phase diagram has undergone slight modification due to recently establishedcongruent melting behavior of the Fe4Al13 phase [1986Len].In the case of the Fe-Zn phase diagram, [1953Ray, 1970Koe] and [1971Koe] considered the * phase to bestable between 672 and 620°C and the *1 phase to be stable below 640°C [1953Ray, 1970Koe, 1971Koe,1973Ure1]. However, according to [1982Kub] the * phase (which is the *1 phase as designated by the aboveauthors) is stable below 665°C. It is worth mentioning that [1970Koe] and [1971Koe] convincinglyestablished the * phase at temperatures above the *1 phase field near the Zn corner, but later on [1973Ure1]failed to identify the * phase above the *1 phase field. Also, according to [1982Kub], the ' and * phasesreact to form the '1 phase at 550°C. This feature was also absent in the Fe-Zn phase diagram accepted bythe previous studies [1953Ray, 1970Koe, 1971Koe, 1973Ure1]. Very recent study of solid-state equilibriaof Zn rich alloys [2001Mit], and thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria [2000Reu, 2001Su] areconsistent with the Fe-Zn phase diagram assessed by [1982Kub].In the Al-Zn phase diagram, the $ phase designated by [1953Ray, 1970Koe, 1971Koe, 1973Ure1] isidentical to (Al) in the phase diagram given by [1983Mur]. All these features are taken into account in thiscritical assessment of phase equilibria.

Solid Phases

Available data suggest that the solubility of Zn in "(Fe,Al) is a function of time of heat treatment at 450°C,with less Zn after shorter time compared to longer time. For example, [1990Che] gives 2 mass% Zn after10 h at 450°C, while [1992Per] gives 2.26 mass% Zn after less than 30 min at 450°C and 4.85 mass% Znafter 1000 h at 450°C.The equilibrium solubility of Zn in Fe4Al13 at 450°C are 7 mass% [1973Ure1], 5.5 mass% [1990Che], 7.61mass% [1992Per], while under metastable equilibrium Fe4Al13 can dissolve up to 13.92 mass% [1992Per]and 15.2 mass% [1997Gyu]. [1953Ray] noted that the X-ray diffraction pattern of Zn containing Fe4Al13 isslightly different from that of pure Fe4Al13 which might be due to the slight structural alteration caused bythe non-random occupation of the Zn atoms. [1992Per] reported that the presence of Zn in FeAl2 is hardlydetectable. The solubility of Zn in Fe2Al5 (0) has been determined several times by reacting Fe with liquid Al-Zn bathcontaining varying amounts of Al [1971Ghu, 1973Har, 1973Ure1, 1973Ure2, 1984Nit, 1990Che, 1991Sai,1992Per, 1997Gyu]. Available data fall in the range of 11 to 23 mass% Zn, and also show a systematic trendthat the Zn-content in Fe2Al5 (0) is a function of reaction time. Due to rapid interdiffusion, the data aftershort time reaction show higher solubility of Zn in Fe2Al5 compared to long time experiments. For example,[1992Per] found 22.87 mass% Zn in Fe2Al5 after reaction at 450°C for less than 30 min compared to 18.7mass% Zn after reaction at 450°C for 1000 h. [1971Ghu] noted a scatter of 14 to 17 mass% Zn in Fe2Al5after reaction at 600°C for 10s. It is important to note that while short time reaction data is relevant toindustrial galvanizing process, long time data is appropriate to construct the equilibrium phase diagram.

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MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

Accordingly, we have accepted the solubility of 18.7 mass% Zn (11 at.%) at 450°C [1992Per] asequilibrium value. X-ray diffraction and density measurement show that Zn atoms reside on the Fe site forup to 6.7 at.% Zn giving the formula Fe4Zn10Al, and beyond this composition Zn atoms also reside on theAl sites giving the formula Fe4Zn9Zn2 [2001Koe].[1973Ure1] reported a solid solubility of 3.6 mass% Al in the * phase (FeZn10) at 450°C, which is inqualitative agreement with that of [1956Hor]. On the other hand, [1990Che] and [1992Per] reported solidsolubilities of 2.8, 3.71, and 1.84 mass% Al at 450°C. Since the latter value was obtained after long time(1000 h) heat treatment, it is considered as equilibrium solid solubility while other values correspond tometastable equilibria. The . phase (FeZn13) dissolves 0.78 mass% Al at 450°C [1992Per], but [1961Ren]gives a much lower value of 0.2 mass%. The solid solubilities of Al in ' and '1 phase at 450°C are similarto that in . phase [1992Per]. On the other hand, Tang’s [1996Tan] isothermal section at 450°C show muchhigher solubility of Al in these two phases which may correspond to industrial galvanizing conditions. [1992Per] reported two ' Phases, '1 (denoted as '2 by [1992Per]) and '2 (denoted as '3 by [1992Per]),after equilibration for 1000 h at 450°C. However, [1973Ure1] did not detect any '2 after 800 h equilibrationat 450°C. On the hand, [1995Yam2] reported continuous solid solubility ('1) and [1996Tan] reportedcontinuous solid solubility ('´) in the isothermal sections at 440 and 450°C, respectively. It is possible thatthese conditions are realized during galvanizing process, and may not represent equilibrium. Later,[1998Yam] synthesized single phase alloys corresponding to '2 and '3 compositions of [1992Per], anddiffusion annealing (conditions are not specified) of mechanically pressed '2 and '3 did not show anyevidence of continuous solid solubility. Even though the crystallographic data of '2 is lacking, availableresults suggest that it may be a ternary phase. The details of the crystal structures and lattice parameters of the solid phases are listed in Table 1.

Invariant Equilibria

Based on the results of [1970Koe] and [1971Koe], the reaction scheme is summarized in Fig. 1. A numberof changes have been made to comply with the binary phase diagrams accepted here. The reaction schemeproposed by [1970Koe] contained fourteen invariant reactions. However, three invariant reactions proposedto occur at 485, 440 and 320°C [1970Koe, 1971Koe] are not considered in Fig. 1 as they are not compatiblewith the presently accepted binary phase diagrams. The assessed reaction scheme is consistent with all thephase diagram information available until now. [1961Ren] proposed a ternary U type invariant reactionL+FeAl2 º *+Fe2Al5 at 592°C; however, subsequent detailed investigations by [1970Koe, 1971Koe] and[1973Ure1] failed to detect this reaction.

Liquidus Surface

Figure 2 shows the liquidus surface from 20 to 70 mass% Al and 0 to 40 mass% Zn and Fig. 3 shows theliquidus surface of the Zn corner, both according to [1970Koe] and [1971Koe]. Results of solidificationstudies of Zn rich ternary alloys by [1945May, 1947May] and [1962May] and of Al/Zn rich alloys[1953Geb] agree quantitatively with those of [1970Koe] and [1971Koe].

Isothermal Sections

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the isothermal sections at 700, 575 and 500°C, respectively, after [1970Koe] and[1971Koe]. Figure 7 shows the isothermal section of the Zn corner at 500°C [1970Koe, 1971Koe]. Figures8 and 9 show partial isothermal section at 470 [1994Tan] and 460°C [2000Tan], respectively, depicting thesolubility limits of Fe in liquid-Zn with respect to . (FeZn13), * (FeZn10), and 0 (Fe2Al5) phases. The isothermal section at 450°C has been investigated several times. There is substantial agreementbetween the earlier results of [1970Koe], [1971Koe] and [1973Ure1]. Recent significant results are due to[1990Che, 1992Per, 1995Tan2, 1996Tan]. Except for [1992Per] and [1996Tan], others did not consider '1phase in the 450°C isothermal section. Figure 10 shows the isothermal section at 450°C [1992Per]. Figure11 shows the isothermal section of Zn corner depicting the phase fields involving liquid, ., *, '1 and '2[1992Per]. [2002Tan] labelled as '2 phase T. Despite qualitative agreement between the results of

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MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

[1992Per], [1996Tan] and [2002Tan] at 450°C, the isothermal section of [1992Per] is preferred because theauthors used much longer annealing time. Figure 12 shows the isothermal section at 450°C depicting thesaturation limits of Fe with respect to ., *, '2 and 0 phase in liquid Zn [1996Tan]. Contrary to thesuggestion of [1962Cam] that the solubility of Fe should decrease with Al content in liquid Zn, [1973Ure1]proposed that the solubility of Fe in liquid Zn at 450°C is 0.029 mass%, irrespective of the Al content. Infact, [1991Bel] showed that when 0 phase is in equilibrium with liquid Zn, indeed the Fe solubilitydecreases with increasing Al content in liquid Zn which is seen in Figs. 8, 9 and 12. Thermodynamiccalculations also predict a similar behavior [2002Bai].The isothermal section of the Zn-corner at 400°C [1970Koe, 1971Koe] is shown in Fig. 13. TheFe4Al13-Al-Zn partial isothermal sections at 350, 330, 300 and 250°C are shown in Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17,respectively according to [1970Koe] and [1971Koe]. A number of adjustments have been made in theisothermal sections in order to comply with the binary phase diagrams. [1961Ren] studied the isothermal sections of the Zn corner with up to about 20 mass% (Fe+Al) at 600°C,450°C and room temperature. At 600°C, [1961Ren] observed three-phase fields L+*+FeAl2 andL+Fe2Al5+FeAl2, and proposed a ternary U type invariant reaction L+FeAl2º*+Fe2Al5 at 592°C.However, more detailed investigations by [1970Koe, 1971Koe] and [1973Ure1] failed to observe thesefeatures. The partial isothermal section at 450°C given by [1961Ren] agrees qualitatively with that of[1973Ure1], but the exact locations of the phase boundaries differ significantly. Because of these reasons,the results of [1961Ren] are not accepted here.

Temperature – Composition Sections

Figures 18, 19, 20 and 21 show isopleths at 30, 90, 95 and 98 mass% Zn, respectively [1970Koe, 1971Koe].In Fig. 18, several changes have been made to comply with the accepted Al-Zn phase diagram.

Thermodynamics

[1995Yam1] reported the activity coefficient of Al in liquid Al-Zn alloys containing up to 10 mass% Zn,and in liquid Al-Fe-Zn alloys containing up to 1 mass% Al at 480°C. [1995Yam2] determined the chemicalpotential of Al in liquid Zn, in equilibrium with Fe4Al13, 0 (Fe2Al5), '2, * (FeZn10), and . (FeZn13) in thetemperature range of 432 to 510°C. [1971Ghu] reported that the heat formation of Fe(Al,Zn)3 is much morenegative compared to the heat of formation of Fe4Al13 and Fe2Al5 phases; however, the actual valuesreported by [1971Ghu] are very doubtful. [2000Tan] reported that the solubility product of Fe2Al5 in liquid Zn can be expressed asln(mass% Al)5(mass% Fe)2 = 28.1 - 33066/Twhere T is the temperature in Kelvin. Besides, [2000Tan] has also discussed a procedure to calculate thesolubility limits of Fe in liquid Zn with respect to saturation of ., * and 0 phase. [1991Bel] reportedsolubility products of Fe4Al13, Fe2Al5, FeAl2, FeAl and FeZn13 in liquid Zn. Using the experimentalsolubility data, [2001Gio] has derived the Gibbs energy of formation of Fe2Al5Znx (0). [2002Feu] measuredthe standard enthalpy of formation of . phase at Fe0.07Zn0.93 using solution calorimetry technique.Several attempts have been made to calculate phase diagrams by CALPHAD method [1991Bel, 1992Per,1999Cos, 2001Gio, 2002Bai]. Of particular interest is the prediction of solubility of Fe and Al in liquid Znaround 450°C, and also the diffusion path during hot-dip galvanizing process. [1991Bel] calculatedmetastable solubilities in liquid-Zn with respect to .+Fe2Al5, .+FeAl, .+Fe4Al13 and .+FeAl2 saturationsat 447 and 477°C, and did not consider the * phase. On the other hand [1992Per] calculated the solubilityof Fe in liquid-Zn at 450°C considering all binary phases, and found a slightly higher solubility of Fe inliquid-Zn compared to [1991Bel] due to participation of the * phase. [1999Cos] calculated the 465°C isothermal section, but only the Zn-corner to understand the limiting factorcontrolling solubility of Fe in liquid Zn. They did not consider any ternary interaction parameter in theliquid phase and also the ternary solubility of Fe-Zn intermetallics. Nonetheless, the calculated activitycoefficients of Al in liquid Zn-0.01 mass% Fe-xAl alloys are in good agreement with the experimental dataof Yamaguchi et al. [1995Yam1, 1995Yam2]. Even though their calculated solubility limit of Fe2Al5 is in

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MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

good agreement with experiment, the calculated three phase equilibrium L+Fe2Al5+Fe4Al13 differssignificantly from the experimental data [1995Yam2, 1998Yam].[2002Bai] calculated the entire isothermal section at 450°C, and it appears that they overestimated the solidsolubility of Al in ., ' and '1 phase compared to the experimental data of [1992Per]. Also, they did notconsider the '2 phase. Nonetheless, their calculation clearly shows a decrease in solubility of Fe in liquidZn when it is in equilibrium with the 0 phase (Fe2Al5).

Miscellaneous

The solubility of Fe in a liquid Zn-4Al (mass%) alloy, in the temperature range of 400 to 675°C, wasdetermined by [1963Fri]. The solubility can be expressed aslog(mass% Fe) = 3.6359 - 5149/Tlog(at.% Fe) = 3.6825 - 5150/Twhere T is the temperature in K.Additions of Al to a liquid Zn bath inhibit the reaction between solid Fe and liquid Zn during the normalgalvanizing process. It is believed that Al causes the formation of an inhibition layer, consisting of Fe2Al5,at the substrate/coating interface [1995Tan1]. However, detailed experiments using TEM/SEM/XRDtechniques clearly show that the inhibition layer actually consists of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13. The details of thereactions and the formation sequences of the different binary intermetallic phases during the hot dipgalvanizing process have been reported by [1965Sou, 1971Ghu, 1973Har, 1973Ure2, 1975Gut, 1984Nit,1991Sag, 1995Lin1, 1995Lin2, 1995Tan1, 1997Mcd, 1997Ser, 1998Uch1, 1998Uch2]. Addition of Si alsosuppresses the rapid exothermic reaction between liquid Al-Zn and Fe by forming a solid reaction layer[1989Sel] which acts as a diffusion barrier. A comprehensive review of physical metallurgy of thegalvanizing process has been presented by Marder [2000Mar]. [1998Akd] proposed that the value of activity coefficient of Al in " (Fe,Al,Zn) alloys has a strong influenceon the formation and growth kinetics of interfacial diffusion layer. Besides, [2002Bai] compiled thediffusion data in ., *, ' and '1 phases which were then used to model the mobility of components in thesephases within CALPHAD formalism.[1977Sho] investigated the effect of pressure on the reaction kinetics between solid Fe and liquid Zn-1.5Al(mass%) at 501°C. An applied pressure was found to cause the intermetallic compounds to become unstableand change the overall reaction rate from linear to non-linear. The stability of . phase, compared to otherphases, under pressure is markedly affected by the presence of the Al in the melt.

References

[1922Fue] Fuess, V., “Aluminium-Zinc-Iron” in Metallography of Aluminium and its Alloys (inGerman), 157-159 (1922) (Equi. Diagram, Review, 2)

[1924Fus] Fuss, V., “On the Constitution of Ternary Alloys of Aluminium” (in German), Z. Metallkd.,16, 24-25 (1924) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, 5)

[1934Fue] Fuess, V., “Aluminium-Zinc-Iron” in “Metallography of Aluminium and its Alloy” (inGerman), 157-159 (1934) (Equi. Diagram, Review, 1)

[1943Mon] Mondolfo, L.F., “Aluminium-Iron-Zinc”, in “Metallography of Aluminum Alloys”, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 98-99 (1943) (Equi. Diagram, Review, 1)

[1945May] Mayer, A., “Investigation of the Ternary Zinc-Aluminium-Iron System” (in Italian),Metallurgia Italiana, 37, 95-98 (1945) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, 33)

[1947May] Mayer, A., “The Ternary System: Zinc-Aluminium-Iron” (in Italian), Gazz. Chim. Ital., 77,55-66 (1947) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental)

[1952Han] Hanemann, H., Schrader, A., “Aluminium-Zinc-Iron” in “Ternary Alloys of Aluminium” (inGerman), Atlas Metallographicus, Verlag Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, 3(2), 157-159 (1952)(Review, 1)

[1953Geb] Gebhardt, E., “Investigation on the Ternary Aluminium-Iron-Zinc” (in German), Z.Metallkd., 44, 206-211 (1953) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, 18)

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Al–Fe–Zn

[1953Ray] Raynor, G.V., Faulkner, C.R., Noden, J.D., Harding, A.R., “Ternary Alloys Formed byAluminium, Transitional Metals and Divalent Metals”, Acta Met., 1, 629-648 (1953) (Equi.Diagram, Experimental, *, 32)

[1956Hor] Horstmann, D., Malissa, H., “Electrolytic Isolation of Intermetallic Fe-Zn Compounds andDetermination of the Solubility of Several Metals in These Compounds” (in German), Arch.Eisenhüttenwesen, 27, 423-428 (1956) (Experimental, 4)

[1961Phi] Phillips, H.W.L., “Al-Fe-Zn” in “Equilibrium Diagrams of Aluminium Alloy Systems”, TheAluminium Development Association, London, 97 (1961) (Equi. Diagram, Review, 1)

[1961Ren] Rennhack, E.H., “Zinc-Rich Corner of the Zn-Fe-Al System”, Trans. AIME, 221, 775-779(1961) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, *, 13)

[1962Cam] Cameron, D.I., Ormay, M.K., “The Effect of Agitation, Cooling, and Al on the Alloying inHot-Dipping in Zn”, 6th Int. Conf. on Hot Dip Galvanizing, Interlaken, Zinc DevelopmentAssociation, London, 276-311 (1962) (Experimental)

[1962May] Mayer, A., Morandi, F., “Investigation of Zn-Al-Fe Alloys” (in Italian), Gazz. Chim. Ital.,92, 1005-1020 (1962) (Experimental, 15)

[1963Fri] Friebel, V.R., Lantz, W.J., Roe, W.P., “Liquid Solubilities of Selected Metals in Zinc-4%Aluminium”, Trans. ASM, 56, 90-100 (1963) (Experimental, 12)

[1965Sou] Southin, R.T., Wright, D.A., “Fe2Al5 and FeSi in Zinc Alloys”, J. Inst. Metals, 93, 357-358(1965) (Experimental, 12)

[1969Wat] Watanabe H., Sato E., “Phase Diagrams of Aluminum-Base Systems” (in Japanese),Keikinzoku, 19(11), 499-535 (1969) (Equi. Diagram, Review, 232)

[1970Koe] Koester, W., Goedecke, T., “The Fe-Al-Zn Ternary System” (in German), Z. Metallkd., 61,649-658 (1970) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, #, *, 13)

[1971Ghu] Ghuman, A.R.P., Goldstein, J.I., “Reaction Mechanisms for the Coatings Formed DuringHot Dipping of Fe in 0-10% Al-Zn Baths at 450-700°C”, Metall. Trans., 2, 2903-2914(1971) (Experimental, 18)

[1971Koe] Koester, W., Goedecke, T., “The Iron-Aluminium-Zinc Ternary System”, Proc. 9th Int.Conf. Hot Dip Galvanizing, 128-139 (1971) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, #, *, 13)

[1973Har] Harvey, G.J., Mercer, P.D., “Aluminium-rich Alloy Layers Formed During the Hot DipGalvanizing of Low Carbon Steel”, Metall. Trans., 4, 619-621 (1973) (Experimental, 8)

[1973Ure1] Urednicek, M., Kirkaldy, J.S., “An Investigation of the Phase Constitution ofIron-Zinc-Aluminium at 450°C”, Z. Metallkd., 64, 419-427 (1973) (Equi. Diagram,Experimental, #, *, 21)

[1973Ure2] Urednicek, M., Kirkaldy, J.S., “Mechanism of Iron Attack Inhibition Arising fromAdditions of Aluminium to Liquid Zn(Fe) during Galvanizing at 450°C”, Z. Metallkd., 64,899-910 (1973) (Experimental, 26)

[1975Gut] Guttman, H., Niessen, P., “Galvanizing Si Steels in Al-containing Baths”, Proc. SeminarGalvanizing Si-containing Steels, Int. Lead Zinc Research Organisation, Inc. New York,USA, 198-218 (1975) (Experimental, 10)

[1976Mon] Mondolfo, L.F., “Aluminium-Iron-Zinc” in Metallography of ALuminium Alloys, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 98-99 (1976) (Review, 1)

[1977Sho] Short, N.R., Mackowiak, J., “The Effect of Pressure on the Reactions between Fe(s)-Zn:1.5% Al(l) at 501°C”, Corrosion Science, 17, 397-404 (1977) (Experimental, 13)

[1982Kub] Kubaschewski, O., “Iron-Aluminium” and “Iron-Zinc”, in “Iron-Binary Phase Diagrams”,Springer Verlag, Berlin, 5-9 and 172-175 (1982) (Equi. Diagram, Review, #, 26, 13)

[1983Mur] Murray, J.L., “The Al-Zn (Aluminum-Zinc)”, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 4(1) 55-73(1983) (Equi. Diagram, Review, #, 194)

[1984Nit] Nitto, H., Yamazaki, T., Morita, N., Yabe, K., Bandooo, S., “Effect of Aluminium in Zincon Alloying of Zinc Coating of Galvanized Steel” (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagane, 70,1719-1726 (1984) (Experimental, 20)

[1986Len] Lendvai, A., “Phase Diagram of Al-Fe Sytem up to 45 mass% Iron”, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 5,1219-1220 (1986) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, #, *, 7)

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[1989Sel] Selverian, J.H., Marder, A.R., Notis, M.R., “The Effects of Silicon on the Reaction BetweenSolid Iron and Liquid 55 wt.% Al-Zn Baths”, Metall. Trans. A, 20A(3), 543-555 (1989)(Experimental, 16)

[1990Che] Chen, Z.W., Sharp, R.M., Gregory, J.T., “Fe-Al-Zn Ternary Phase Diagram at 450°C”,Mater. Sci. Technol., 6(12), 1173-1176 (1990) (Assessment, Equi. Diagram, Experimental,#, *, 16)

[1991Bel] Belisle, S., Leson, V., Gagne, M., “The Solubility of Iron in Continuous Hot-DipGalvanizing Baths”, J. Phase Equilib., 12(3), 259-265 (1991) (Equi. Diagram,Experimental, Thermodyn., 7)

[1991Sag] Sagiyama, M., Inagaki, J.-I., Morita, M., “Fe-Zn Alloying Behavior and the CoatingMicroctructure of Galvannealed Steel Sheets”, NKK Technical Review (Japan), (63), 38-45(1991) (Abstract, Experimental, 14)

[1991Sai] Saito, M., Uchida, Y., Kittaka, T., Hirose, Y., Hisamatsu, Y., “Formation Behavior of AlloyLayer in Initial-Stages of Galvanizing” (in Japanese), Tetsu to Hagane, 77(7), 947-954(1991) (Experimental, 7)

[1992Gho] Ghosh, G., “Aluminium-Iron-Zinc”, MSIT Ternary Evaluation Program, in MSITWorkplace, Effenberg, G. (Ed.), MSI, Materials Science International Services GmbH,Stuttgart; Document ID: 10.17658.1.20, (1992) (Crys. Structure, Equi. Diagram,Assessment, 27)

[1992Per] Perrot, P., Tissier, J.C., Dauphin, J.Y., “Stable and Metastable Equilibria in the Fe-Zn-AlSystem at 450°C”, Z. Metallkd., 83(11), 786-790 (1992) (Calculation, Equi. Diagram,Experimental, #, *, 12)

[1992Rag] Raghavan, V., “The Al-Fe-Zn (Aluminium-Iron-Zinc) System”, in Phase Diagrams ofTernary Iron Alloys, Part 6A, Indian Institute of Metals, Calcutta, 215-223 (1992) (Equi.Diagram, Review, 24)

[1994Lin] Lin, C.S., Meshii, M., “The Effect of Steel Chemistry on The Formation of Fe-ZnIntermetallic Compounds of Galvanneal-Coated Steel Sheets”, Metall. Mater. Trans. B,25B(5), 721-730 (1994) (Experimental, Kinetics, 31)

[1994Tan] Tang, N., “Comment on Fe-Al-Zn (Iron-Aluminium-Zinc)”, J. Phase Equilib., 15(3),237-238 (1994) (Theory, 10, #, *, 10)

[1995Lin1] Lin, C.S., Meshii, M., Cheng, C.C., “Microstructural Characterization of GalvannealCoatings by Transmission Electron-Microscopy”, ISIJ Int., 35(5), 494-502 (1995)(Experimental, Kinetics, 43)

[1995Lin2] Lin, C.S., Meshii, M., Cheng, C.C., “Phase Evolution in Galvanneal Coatings on SteelSheets”, ISIJ International, 35(5), 503-511 (1995) (Experimental, Kinetics, 28)

[1995Tan1] Tang, N., “Modeling Al Enrichment in Galvanized Coatings”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A,26A(7), 1699-1704 (1995) (Theory, Kinetics, 23)

[1995Tan2] Tang, N., “Refined 450°C Isotherm of Zn-Fe-Al Phase Diagram”, Mater. Sci. Technol.,11(9), 870-873 (1995) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, *, 23)

[1995Yam1] Yamaguchi, S., Fukatsu, N., Kimura, H., Kawamura, K, Iguchi, Y., O-Hashi, T.,“Development of Al Sensor in Zn Bath for Continuous Galvanizing Processes” in Proc.Galvatech’95, ISS-AIME, Warrendale, Pa, 647-655 (1995) (Experimental, Thermodyn., *,12)

[1995Yam2] Yamaguchi, S., Makino, H., Sakatoku, A., Iguchi, Y., “Phase Stability of Dross Phases inEquilibrium with Liquid Zn Measured by Al Sensor” in Proc. Galvatech’95, ISS-AIME,Warrendale, Pa, 787-794 (1995) (Experimental, Thermodyn., *, 11)

[1996Tan] Tang, N.-Y., “450°C Isotherm of Zn-Fe-Al Phase Diagram Update”, J. Phase Equilib.,17(5), 396-398 (1996) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, #, *,13)

[1997Gyu] Gyurov, S., “The Reaction Between Solid Iron and Liquid Zn-Al Baths”, Z. Metallkd.,88(4), 346-352 (1997) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, Kinetics, 33)

28


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

[1997Mcd] McDevitt E., Morimoto Y., Meshii M., “Characterization of the Fe-Al Interfacial Layer ina Commercial Hot-Dip Galvanized Coating”, ISIJ Int., 37(8), 776-782 (1997)(Experimental, 24)

[1997Mor] Morimoto Y., McDevitt E., Meshii M., “Characterization of the Fe-Al Inhibition LayerFormed in the Initial Stages of Hot-Dip Galvannealing”, ISIJ Int., 37(9), 906-913 (1997)(Experimental, 28)

[1997Ser] Sere, P.R., Culcasi, J.D., Elsner, C.J, Di Sarli, A.R., “Factors Affecting the Hot-dip ZincCoatings Structure” (in Spanish), Rev. de Metall., 33(6), 376-381 (1997) (Experimental,Kinetics, 11)

[1997Tan] Tang, N.-Y., “Discussion of “Kinetics and Phase Transformation Evaluation of Fe-Zn-AlMechanically Alloyed Phases”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 28A(11), 2433-2434 (1997)(Theory, 11)

[1997Uwa1] Uwakwen, O.N.C., Liu, Z., “Kinetics and Phase Transformation Evaluation of Fe-Zn-AlMechanically Alloyed Phases”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 28A(3), 517-525 (1997) (Equi.Diagram, Experimental, *, 26)

[1997Uwa2] Uwakwen, O.N.C., Liu, Z., “Authors’ Reply”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 28A(11), 2434-2435(1997) (Theory, 7)

[1998Ada] Adachi Y., Arai M., “Transformation of Fe-Al Phase to Fe-Zn Phase on Pure Iron DuringGalvanizing Layer”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 254(1-2), 305-310 (1998) (Crys. Structure,Experimental, 8)

[1998Akd] Akdeniz, M.V., Mekhrabon, A.O., “The Effect of Substitutional Impurities on the Evolutionof Fe-Al Diffusion Layer”, Acta Mater., 46(4), 1185-1192 (1998) (Calculation,Thermodyn., 55)

[1998Tan] Tang, N.-Y., “Discussion of “Kinetics and Phase Transformation Evaluation of Fe-Zn-AlMechanically Alloyed Phases”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29A(10), 2643-2644 (1998) (Equi.Diagram, Theory, 9)

[1998Uch1] Uchida Y., Andoh A., Komatsu A., Yamakawa K., “Changing Process from . Center DotFe-Zn Phase to Al-Fe Intermetallic Compounds in Molten Zn-5mass%Al Alloy Bath” (inJapanese), Tetsu to Hagane, 84(9), 632-636 (1998) (Experimental, 6)

[1998Uch2] Uchida Y., Andoh A., Komatsu A., Yamakawa K., “Changing Process from . Center DotFe-Zn Phase to Al-Fe Intermetallic Compounds in Molten Zn-5mass%Al Alloy Bath” (inJapanese), Tetsu to Hagane, 84(9), 637-642 (1998) (Experimental, 4)

[1998Uwa] Uwakwen, O.N.C., Liu, Z., “Authors’ Reply”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29A(10), 2644-2645(1998) (Equi. Diagram, Theory, 5)

[1998Yam] Yamaguchi, S., “Thermochemical Stability and Precipitation Behavior of Dross Phases inCGL Bath” in Proc. Galvatech’98, Chiba, Japan, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,84-88 (1998) (Experimental, Thermodyn., *, 8)

[1999Cos] Costa e Silva, A., Avillez, R.R., Marques, K., “A Preliminary Assessment of the Zn-richCorner of the Al-Fe-Zn System and Its Implications in Steel Coating”, Z. Metallkd., 90(1),38-43 (1999) (Calculation, Equi. Diagram, Thermodyn., *, 25)

[1999Tan] Tang, N.-Y., “Characteristics of Continuous-Galvanizing Baths”, Metall. Mater. Trans. B.,30(1), 144-148 (1999) (Equi. Diagram, *, 26)

[2000Mar] Marder, A.R., “The Metallurgy of Zinc-Coated Steel”, Prog. Mater. Sci., 45, 191-271(2000) (Equi. Diagram, Phys. Prop., Review, 188)

[2000Reu] Reumont, G., Perrot, P., Fiorani, J.M., Hertz, J., “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-ZnSystem”, J. Phase Equilib., 21(4), 371-378 (2000) (Thermodyn., *, 26)

[2000Tan] Tang, N.-Y., “Determination of Liquid-Phase Boundaries in Zn-Fe-Mx Systems”, J. PhaseEquilib., 21(1), 70-77 (2000) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, Thermodyn., #, *, 29)

[2001Gio] Giorgi, M.-L., Guillot, J.-B., Nicolle, R., “Assessment of the Zinc-Aluminium-Iron PhaseDiagrams in the Zinc-Rich Corner”, Calphad, 25(3), 461-474 (2001) (Equi. Diagram,Thermodyn., *, 36)

29


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

[2001Koe] Koester, M., Schuhmacher, B., Sommer, D., “The Influence of the Zinc Content on theLattice Constants and Structure of the Intermetallic Compound Fe2Al5”, Steel Res., 72(9),371-375 (2001) (Crys. Structure, Experimental, 29)

[2001Mit] Mita, K., Ikeda, T., Maeda, M., “Phase Diagram Study of Fe-Zn Intermetallics”, J. PhaseEquilib., 22(2), 122-125 (2001) (Experiment, Equi. Diagram, #, *, 14)

[2001Su] Su, X., Tang, N.-Y., Toguri, J.M., “Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Fe-Zn System”, J.Alloys Compd., 325(9), 129-136 (2001) (Thermodyn., *, 49)

[2002Bai] Bai, K., Wu, P., “Assessment of the Zn-Fe-Al System for Kinetic Study of Galvanizing”, J.Alloys Compd., 347, 156-164 (2002) (Equi. Diagram, Thermodyn., Kinetics, *, 40)

[2002Feu] Feutelais, Y., Legendre, B., de Avillez, R. R., “Standard Enthalpy of Formation of the.-Phase in the Fe-Zn System at 298 K”, J. Alloys Compd., 346, 1-2 (2002) (Experimental,Thermodyn., Kinetics, *, 20)

[2002Tan] Tang, N.Y., Su, P., “Assessment of the Zn-Fe-Al System for Kinetic Study of Galvanizing”,J. Alloys Comp., 347, 156-164 (2002) (Equi. Diagram, Experimental, #, *, 16)

[2003Per] Perrot, P., “Al-Zn (Aluminium-Zinc)”, MSIT Binary Evaluation Program, in MSITWorkplace, Effenberg, G. (Ed.), MSI, Materials Science International Services GmbH,Stuttgart; to be published, (2003) (Equi. Diagram, Assessment, Crys. Structure, 41)

[2003Pis] Pisch, A., “Al-Fe (Aluminum-Iron)”, MSIT Binary Evaluation Program, in MSITWorkplace, Effenberg, G. (Ed.), MSI, Materials Science International Services GmbH,Stuttgart; to be published, (2003) (Equi. Diagram, Assessment, Crys. Structure, 58)

[2003Rag] Raghavan, V., ”Al-Fe-Zn (Aluminum-Iron-Zinc)”, J. Phase Equilib., 24, 546-550 (2003)(Equi. Diagram, Review, *, 33)

Table 1: Crystallographic Data of Solid Phases

Phase/Temperature Range[°C]

Pearson Symbol/Space Group/Prototype

Lattice Parameters[pm]

Comments/References

(Al) cF4Fm3mCu

a = 404.88a = 403.52a = 403.29a = 403.14

pure Al at 24°C [V-C]at 63.0 at.% Zn and 360°C [1983Mur]at 64.8 at.% Zn and 360°C [1983Mur]at 70.1 at.% Zn and 360°C [1983Mur]

("Fe) cI2Im3mW

a = 286.65 pure Fe at 20°C [V-C]

(Zn) hP2P63/mmcMg

a = 266.46c = 494.61

pure Zn at 22°C [V-C]

"1, Fe3Al# 552.5

cF16Fm3mBiF3

a = 578.86 to 579.3 [2003Pis], solid solubilityranges from 22.5 to 36.5 at.% Al

"2, FeAl# 1310

cP2Pm3mCsCl

a = 289.76 to 290.78 [2003Pis], at room temperaturesolid solubility ranges from 22.0 to 54.5 at.% Al

g, Fe2Al31102 - 1232

cI16? a = 598.0 [2003Pis], solid solubility rangesfrom 54.5 to 62.5 at.% Al

30


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

FeAl2# 1156

aP18P1FeAl2

a = 487.8b = 646.1c = 880.0" = 91.75°$ = 73.27°( = 96.89°

[2003Pis], at 66.9 at.% Alsolid solubility rangesfrom 65.5 to 67.0 at.% Al

0, Fe2Al5# 1169

oC24Cmcm

a = 765.59b = 641.54c = 421.84

a = 764.14b = 642.76c = 421.87a = 762.23b = 646.25c = 423.00

[2003Pis], at 71.5 at.% Al solid solubility rangesfrom 71.0 to 72.5 at.% Al. Equilibrium solubility is up to 11 at.% Zn at 450°C [1992Per]. [2001Koe], at Fe4Al10Zn

[2001Koe], at Fe4Al9Zn2

Fe4Al13# 1160

mC102C2/mFe4Al13

a = 1552.7 to 1548.7b = 803.5 to 808.4c = 1244.9 to 1248.8$ = 107.7 to 107.99°a = 1549.2b = 807.8c = 1247.1$ = 107.69

[2003Pis], 74.16 to 76.7 at.% Al solid solubility rangesfrom 74.5 to 75.5 at.% Al

[2003Pis], at 76.0 at.% Al

sometimes called FeAl3 in the literature

', Fe3Zn10# 782

cI52I43mFe3Zn10 ?Cu5Zn8

a = 897.41a = 901.8

[V-C], solid solubility rangesfrom 68.0 to 82.5 at.% Zn

'1, Fe11Zn39# 550

cF408F43mFe11Zn39

a = 1796.3 [V-C2], solid solubility rangesfrom 75.5 to 81.0 at.% Zn

*, FeZn10# 665

hP555P63mcFeZn10

a = 1283.0b = 5770.0

[V-C], solid solubility ranges from86.5 to 92.0 at.% Zn. Equilibrium solubility is up to 4.3 at.% Al at 450°C [1992Per].

., FeZn13# 530

mC28C2/mCoZn13

a = 1342.4b = 760.8c = 506.1$ = 127.3°

[V-C], solid solubility ranges from92.5 to 94.0 at.% Zn. Equilibrium solubility is up to 1.85 at.% Al at 450°C [1992Per].

'2, AlFe14Zn1.5# 450 (?)

- - [1992Per, 1998Yam]

Phase/Temperature Range[°C]

Pearson Symbol/Space Group/Prototype

Lattice Parameters[pm]

Comments/References

31


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

Fig

. 1:

A

l-F

e-Z

n.

Rea

ctio

n s

chem

e

Al-

Fe

Fe-

Zn

A-B

-C

l +

α2

ε1

232

p1

l +

(αF

e)Γ

78

2p

3

Lδ

+ (Z

n)

ca.4

25

max

Al-

Fe-

Zn

L +

α2

(αF

e) +

εca

.12

00

U1

Al-

Zn

l (

Al)

+ (

Zn)

38

1e 5

lε

+ η

11

65

e 1

lη

+ F

e 4A

l 13

11

60

e 2

ε +

η F

eAl 2

11

56

p2

εα 2

+F

eAl 2

11

02

e 3

l +

Γδ

66

5p

4

55

0p

5

Γ +

δΓ 1

l +

δ

ζ5

30

p6

l +

ζ (

Zn)

42

5p

7

l (

Al)

+ F

e 4A

l 13

66

5e 4

(Al´

) (

Al´

´) +

(Z

n)

27

7e 6

L +

ε (

αFe)

+ η

11

30

U2

ε +

η(α

Fe)

+ F

eAl 2

10

65

U3

ε(α

Fe)

+ α

2 +

FeA

l 21

038

E1

L +

Γ(α

Fe)

+ δ

ca.6

60

U4

L +

(αF

e)δ

+ η

55

3U

5

Lδ

+ (

Zn)

+ ζ

ca.4

20

E2

L +

δη

+ (

Zn

)4

18

U6

L +

η F

e 4A

l 13 +

(Z

n)

40

9U

7

L F

e 4A

l 13+

(Al)

+(Z

n)

37

9E

3

(Al´

)(A

l´´)

+F

e 4A

l 13+

(Zn)

27

4E

4

L+

(αF

e)+

α 2

?

(αF

e)+

α 2+

ε(α

Fe)

+L

+ε

η+F

e 4A

l 13+

(Zn)

L+

( αF

e)+

η

(αF

e)+

η+ε

(αF

e)+

FeA

l 2+

η(α

Fe)

+F

eAl 2

+ε

(αF

e)+

α 2+

FeA

l 2

Γ+( α

Fe)

+δ

L+

( αF

e)+

δ

(αF

e)+

δ+η

?

L+

δ+η

L+

η+(Z

n)

δ+(Z

n)+

ζ

L+

Fe 4

Al 1

3+

(Zn

)

Fe 4

Al 1

3+

(Al)

+(Z

n)

Fe 4

Al 1

3+

(Al´

)+(A

l´´)

ca.3

51

(Zn

)+F

e 4A

l 13+

(Al)

η+δ+

(Zn

)

32


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

30

40

50

10 20 30

50

60

70

Fe 60.00Zn 0.00Al 40.00

Fe 20.00Zn 40.00Al 40.00

Fe 20.00Zn 0.00Al 80.00 Data / Grid: at.%

Axes: at.%

e2

e1

p1

U1

U2

Fe4Al

13

η

(αFe)

α2

ε

?

Fig. 2: Al-Fe-Zn.Partial liquidus surface

Fe 10.00Zn 90.00Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

Γ δ

ζ

(Zn)

(αFe)

η

Fe4 A

l13

U7

U5

U6

E2

U4

p4

from p3

from U2

from e2

to E3

p6

p7

Fig. 3: Al-Fe-Zn.Liquidus surface of the Zn corner

33


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn

Al Data / Grid: at.%

Axes: at.%

(αFe)

Γ

L

Fe4Al

13

ηFeAl

2

α2

L+Γ+(αFe)

L+(αFe)+η

L+Fe4Al

13+η

(αFe)+FeAl2+η

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(αFe)

Γ δ

L

(Al)

Fe4Al

13

ηFeAl

2

α2

(αFe)+Γ+δ L+δ+(αFe)

L+(αFe)+η

L+Fe4Al

13+η

L+(Al)+Fe4Al

13

(αFe)+FeAl2+η

(αFe)+α2

Fig. 4: Al-Fe-Zn.Isothermal section at 700°C


34


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

10

20

80 90

10

20

Fe 30.00Zn 70.00Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

Γ1

δ

ζ

L

L+Fe4Al

13+η

L+δ+η

L+ζ+δ

δ+η+(αFe)

(αFe)+Γ+δ

Γ+Γ1+δ

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(αFe)

Γ Γ1

δ

ζ

L

(Al)

Fe4Al

13

ηFeAl

2

α2α

1

L+(Al)+Fe4Al

13

L+Fe4Al

13+η

L+δ+Fe+η

(αFe)+δ+η

(αFe)+FeAl2+η

(αFe)+α1

Γ+δ+(αFe)

Fig. 7: Al-Fe-Zn.Partial isothermal section at 500°C


35


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

Fe 0.55Zn 99.45Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

L

L+η

L+ζ

L+δ

L+ζ+δ

L+δ+η

Fe 0.55Zn 99.45Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

L

L+η

L+η+δ

L+ζ

L+δL+δ+ζ



36


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(αFe)

Γ Γ1

δζ

L

(Al)

Fe4Al

13

FeAl2

α2

α1

(αFe)+δ

Γ2

L+Fe4 A

l13

L+Fe4 Al

13 +(Al)

(αFe)+δ+η

(Al)+Fe4Al

13

η

(αFe)+Γ

10

90

10

Fe 20.00Zn 80.00Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

Γ1

δζ

L

η+δ

(αFe)+δ

L+ζ

η+L

L+Fe4Al

13

δ+L

Γ2

η+Γ2

Γ1+δ

η+Γ2+L

Γ2+L



37


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

Fe 0.55Zn 99.45Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

L

L+η

L+ζ+δ

L+δ+Γ2

L+Γ2+η

L+Γ2L+δ

L+ζ

10

20

30

70 80 90

10

20

30

Fe 40.00Zn 60.00Al 0.00

Zn


Axes: at.%

Γ1

δ

ζ

(Zn)

L

L+(Al)

(Al)

L+Fe4Al

13+(Al)

L+Fe4Al

13+(Zn)

(Zn)+η+Fe

4 Al13

(Zn)+η+δ

(αFe)+η+δ

(αFe)+Γ+δ

Γ+Γ1+δ

(Zn)+δ+ζ



38


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(Zn)

(Al')

(Al")

Fe4Al

13

(Al')+(Al")

(Al')+(Zn)+Fe4Al

13

TK

(Al')+(Al")+Fe4Al

13

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(Zn)

(Al')

(Al")

Fe4Al

13

(Al')+(Al")+Fe4Al

13

(Al')+(Zn)+Fe4Al

13



39


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(Zn)

(Al')

(Al")

Fe4Al

13

(Al')+(Zn)+Fe4Al

13

(Al')+(Al")+Fe4Al

13

20

40

60

80

20 40 60 80

20

40

60

80

Fe Zn


Axes: at.%

(Zn)

(Al)

Fe4Al

13

(Al)+(Zn)+Fe4Al

13



40


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

60 70 80

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Fe 21.67Zn 18.51Al 59.82

Fe 0.00Zn 15.03Al 84.97Al, at.%

Te

mp

era

ture

, °C

379°C409°C

274°C

L+(Al)

(Al)

(Al')+(Zn)

Fe4Al13+L

L

η+F

e 4A

l 13+L

η+F

e4A

l 13+

(Zn)

Fe

4Al 13

+(Z

n)

Fe 4Al13+(Al')+(Zn)

+(Zn)

Fe4Al13+(Al)

Fe4Al13+(Al)+L

Fe4Al13+(Al)

Fe4Al13+(Al')+(Al'')

10 20

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Zn 88.49Fe 11.51Al 0.00

Zn 78.78Fe 0.00Al 21.22Al, at.%

Te

mp

era

ture

, °C L+η

L

409°

379°C

274°Cη+(Z

n)

418°C

553°C

δ+(Zn)

δ δ+ζ

660°C

L+Γ

L+δ

L+(Al)

(Al)+(Zn)

(Al")+(Zn)

420

L+(αFe)

L+η+(αFe) L+Fe4Al13

Fe4Al13+(Al'')+(Zn)

Fe4Al3+(Zn)

Fe4Al13+(Al)+(Al'')

η+F

e 4Al 1

3+(Z

n)

η+δ+(Zn)

L+η+δ

L+(αFe)+δ

L+Γ+(αFe)

δ+ζ+(Zn)

L+δ+ζ

L+(Al)+(Zn)

(Al)+(Al'')+(Zn)

L+Fe4Al13+(Zn)

L+η+Fe4Al13

Fig. 18: Al-Fe-Zn.Section at a constant Zn-content of 30 mass%

Fig. 19: Al-Fe-Zn.Vertical section at a constant Zn-content of 90 mass%

41


MSIT®

Al–Fe–Zn

10

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Zn 94.20Fe 5.80Al 0.00

Zn 88.69Fe 0.00Al 11.31Al, at.%

Te

mp

era

ture

, °C

L

L+Fe4Al13

L+η

553°C

418°C420°C

L+Γ

660°C

409°

379°C

274°C

δ+(Zn)

ζ+(Zn)

L+(αFe)

L+(Zn)

(Al)+(Zn)

(Al")+(Zn)

δ+η+(Zn)

Fe4Al13+(Zn)

L+(αFe)+η

L+δ+η

L+(αFe)+Γ

L+(αFe)+δ

L+δ

L+ζ

L+Γ+δ

L+ζ+δ

δ+ζ+(Zn)

L+η+Fe4Al13

η+(Zn)

η+Fe4Al13+(Zn)

L+Fe4Al13+(Zn)

L+δ+ζ

Fe4Al13+(Al'')+(Zn)

L+η+(Zn)

L+(Zn)+(Al)

(Al)+(Al'')+(Zn)

Fe4Al13+(Al)+(Zn)

L+(Zn)+δ

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Zn 97.67Fe 2.33Al 0.00

Zn 95.29Fe 0.00Al 4.71Al, at.%

Te

mp

era

ture

, °C

L

L+δ

L+(αFe)

553°C

418°C420°C

L+ζ

ζ+(Zn)ζ+δ+(Zn)

409°C 379°C

274°C

L+(Zn)

(Al)+(Zn)

η+(Zn)

(Al")+(Zn)

Fe

4Al 13

+(Z

n)

L+η

L+η+(αFe)

L+η+δ

Fe4Al13+(Al'')η+F

e 4A

l 13+(Z

n)

η+(Zn)+δ

+(Zn)

δ+(Zn)

L+ζ+δ

Fe4Al13+(Al)

+(Zn)

L+(Al)+(Zn)

(Al)+(Al'')+(Zn)

L+(αFe)+δ

L+ζ+(Zn)L+η+(Zn)



Aluminium – Iron – Zincextras.springer.com/2005/978-3-540-25013-5/...Aluminium – Iron – Zinc...

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Transcript of Aluminium – Iron – Zincextras.springer.com/2005/978-3-540-25013-5/...Aluminium – Iron – Zinc...