Alternative & Renewable Energyy Brian H. Lower & Steven K ...€¦ · Textbook: Anne Houtman, Susan...
52
Alternative & Renewable Energy Brian H. Lower & Steven K. Lower The Ohio State University Paul Nicklen, National Geographic
Transcript of Alternative & Renewable Energyy Brian H. Lower & Steven K ...€¦ · Textbook: Anne Houtman, Susan...
Alternative amp Renewable EnergyyBrian H Lower amp Steven K Lowery
The Ohio State University13Paul Nicklen National Geographic13
Brian H Lower1 (PhD) Steven K Lower12 (PhD)Kylienne A Shaul1 (MS) Ella M Weaver1 (BS)
1School of Environment amp Natural Resources132School of Earth Sciences13
Textbook Anne Houtman Susan Karr and Jeneen InterlandiEnvironmental Science for a Changing World 1st 2nd or 3rd edition
WH Freeman amp Company New York NY (2013 2015 or 2018)13
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Two Instructive Lessons from the PastCorn based Biofuel
(Chapter 7 12250-13100)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
USA Energy Supply and Demand
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Brian H Lower1 (PhD) Steven K Lower12 (PhD)Kylienne A Shaul1 (MS) Ella M Weaver1 (BS)
1School of Environment amp Natural Resources132School of Earth Sciences13
Textbook Anne Houtman Susan Karr and Jeneen InterlandiEnvironmental Science for a Changing World 1st 2nd or 3rd edition
WH Freeman amp Company New York NY (2013 2015 or 2018)13
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Two Instructive Lessons from the PastCorn based Biofuel
(Chapter 7 12250-13100)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
USA Energy Supply and Demand
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Textbook Anne Houtman Susan Karr and Jeneen InterlandiEnvironmental Science for a Changing World 1st 2nd or 3rd edition
WH Freeman amp Company New York NY (2013 2015 or 2018)13
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Two Instructive Lessons from the PastCorn based Biofuel
(Chapter 7 12250-13100)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
USA Energy Supply and Demand
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Two Instructive Lessons from the PastCorn based Biofuel
(Chapter 7 12250-13100)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
USA Energy Supply and Demand
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
USA Energy Supply and Demand
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Good energy sources have EROEI gtgt 1
Poor energy sources have EROEI lt or = 1
Energy return on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy source to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy
Energy Acquired EROEI = Energy Expended
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpwwweiagovstatemapscfmsrc=home-f3
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Topic 13 for13 Poster Zero Carbon Energy ndash13 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
VideoHowfuelcellsworkGeorgia13 Techhttpautohowstuffworkscomfuel-efficiencyalternative-fuelsfuel-cellhtm
DiscoveryChannelHydrogenPoweredCarshttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1scZ9rMyJek
The Inven6on of the Fuel Cell ndash Sir William Grove invented the first13 fuel cell in 1839Grove knew that13 water could be split13 into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current13 through it13 (a13 process called electrolysis) He hypothesized that13 by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water He created a13 primiDve fuel cell and called it13 a gas voltaic baFery
The 13 tricky13 part13 about13 hydrogen 13 fuel 13 cells 13 is 13 geGng13 the13 H2 13 fuel 13 in 13 the 13 first13 place 13 13 This 13 requires 13 energy13 to 13 split13 H2Omolecules 13 to 13 make13 H2 The H2 iscaptured 13 and 13 stored 13 in 13 a13 tank 13 which 13 when 13 mixed 13 with 13 O2 13 releases 13 electrons13 that13 can 13 power 13 a13 car 13 or 13 building 13 13
Chemistry Anode13 side
2H2 13 =gt 4H+ 13 + 4e-shy‐13 Cathode13 side
O + 4H+ 13 13 + 4e-shy‐13 =gt13 2H O NoDce13 that13 you 13 2 2
Net13 reac6on can 13 drink 13 the 13 2H 13 + O 13 =gt 2H O 13 waste13 product 13
of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
2 2 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpsyoutubeHQ9Fhd7P_HA
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Honda FCX Clarity13Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered13
httpsautomobileshondacomclarity-fuel-cell
httpsyoutube_PPT8o-T7b4
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Honda FCX Clarity
OSU Buses
Zero-Emission Hydrogen Powered
httpsyoutube5GCxDHeXrCA
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
PBS Frontline HEATo
Climate Change
Carbon Free Power (Power in Europe Chapter 8 13100-14312)
httpwwwpbsorgvideofrontline-heat
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpwwwnprorgsectionsalltechconsidered20160405470810118solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-itsc=tw
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Molten salt
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
Electric Generator Cu disc
magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power)
Uses a system of mirrors to concentrate the sunrsquos energy on a small area and use the heat generated (usually by a steam turbine) to make electricity
PS10 Solar Power Plant in Spain
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
httpswwwnrelgovworkingwithusre-photovoltaicshtml
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Solar Power (Photovoltaics or Solar Cells)
eng3060pbworkscom
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpwwwnrelgovabout
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpnewsnationalgeographiccomenergy201603160310-will-we-soon-be-riding-on-solar-roads
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13
Electric Generator Cu disc magnet
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=TU8GKV2TXxo
In 1832 Michael Faraday built the first electromagnetic generator called a Faraday disk It uses a copper disc that rotates between a horseshoe-shaped magnet
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Geothermal Energy
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13
Geothermal Energy
eothermal Power Plant Reykjavik Iceland erived from active volcanoes and geysers
Deep wells (1 mile or more deep) are drilled into Earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to drive turbines linked to electricity generators
First geothermal electricity was generated in Italy in 1904 USA is worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity G
D
Advantages of geothermal very little greenhouse gases produced domestic supply
Problems with geothermal some toxic metals can be contained in the hot water Some of these geothermal wells cool down after several decades and can no longer be used to generate electricity contain some CO2 H2S CH4
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant Iceland httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2Lu4ya0Qvlcampfeature=youtube
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Hydroelectric Power USA
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Hydroelectric Power USA
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Fish Ladders installed at hydroelectric dams allow migratory salmon to swim upstream around a dam to reproduce
httpsyoutube
sabk7Khq0kQ
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
The New York Times Damming the Amazon Hydroelectric Power in Brazil Environmental Friend or Foe
httpswwwnytimescomvideoworldamericas100000001526824damming-the-amazonhtml
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Wind Power in the USA
New wind farms can produce electricity in the 5-8 cents per kWh range making wind power more competitive with the cost of fossil fuel electricity generation than other forms of renewable energy
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
A wind farm in southeastern Washington near Hanford Site
(Jeffrey G Katz 2010)
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Watch animation illustrating the progression of installed wind capacity httpswindexchangeenergygovmaps-data321undefined
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpe360yaleedufeaturesbitter_wind_a_town_divided_over_a_controversial_maine_wind_farm
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Contact Marta M Gospodarczyk Phone202-586-0527 E-Mail Marta M Gospodarczyk
PrivacySecurity | Accessibility | Copyright amp Reuse bull Contact Us | Feedback | Careers | About EIA
Fedstats | USAgov | Department of Energy
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
(140cesium)neutron
Nucleus of 235Uranium
Nucleus of 235Uranium
(92 protons 143 neutrons)
neutron fission fragment
93Rubidium proton
energy free
neutrons
Nuclear Fissionfission fragment energy
energy
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpwwwnrcgovinfo-finderreactors
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant ndash New York NY
bull Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 25 billion gallons of H 2O per day (this is gt2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam amp cool reactors bull Supplies up to 30 of electricity to New York City bull Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees hotter which kills fish and other aquatic organisms bull Produces zero greenhouse gases bull Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013 bull New York State has determined that plant violates Clean W ater Act
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Nuclear Power Advantages
1 Operating costs are comparable to a fossil fuel power plant and thetechnology is available now
2 No CO2 is released during operation so it does notcontribute to global climatechange
3 Electricity can be produced day ornight and can be increased or decreased to meet demand
4 Uranium supplies should last 80years USA has large uranium reserves
5 Efficient fuel - 1 pound of uraniumproduces same energy of 100000pounds of coal
Nuclear Power Disadvantages
1 Expensive to build $4-billion forone nuclear reactor (this is twice the cost to build coal powerplant) located near a lot of water
2 Life span of 50 years costs $200-million to 1-trillion to decommission
3 Mining and processing of uranium ore produces hazardous waste
4 No long-term plan to deal withradioactive waste Some radioisotopes can be used tomake nuclear weapons
5 Accidents can have very seriousconsequences (eg Chernobyl and Fukushima)
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
What to do with Nuclear Waste
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13 13
Nuclear Waste SoluDon
Watch Video Copy amp Paste Link in Your Browser httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Nkt95IhNqjUampfeature=youtube
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=HQKT4axR6RUampfeature=youtube
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
The ManhaFan Project13 and the Hanford Site (1942-shy‐46)
Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb tested at the Trinity site and in Fat Man the bomb detonated over Nagasaki Japan
B Reactor was first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built
The reactors produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction
B and N Reactors ndash Plutonium-239 production plants
Decommissioning D Reactor
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Columbia River Basin
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Dalles Dam Columbia River
httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFileCelilofalls-smallogg
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
A billet of highly enriched uranium from the US DOE
238U (146 neutrons + 92 protons) Highly enriched uranium is harder to detect (and thus easier to hide) and simpler to build a bomb from This billet of is 238U is approximately 5 kgand would produce about the same energy as one bomb the size of Hiroshima (Little Boy 16-kilotons August 1945) bomb that killed 100000 people
238U half-life 4468000000 years
Photograph of first atomic bomb ever used showing the mushroom cloud rising 20000 feet above Hiroshima Photo taken by crew of the B-29 Bomber called Necessary Evil
To maximize destruction the bomb was detonated at about 2000 feet
B-29 Bombing Missionhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=45hM8FzICbI
Enola Gay B-29 Superfortress - Little Boy
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Nuclear Testing begins in USA July 16 1945
This is the famous color photograph of the first nuclear test explosion ldquoTrinityrdquo by Jack W Aeby at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico
Yield 20 kilotons of TNT
Plutonium-239 (fission reaction)
The plutonium was produced and refined at the Hanford Site in Washington state from Dec 1944 to Feb 1945 and shipped to Los Alamos
All conducted in absolute secrecy as part of Manhattan Project
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpwwwhanfordgovpagecfmHanfordStory
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
Global Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions
The link below provides a brief synopsis of the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as the US National Climatic Data Centers own data resources
httpswwwncdcnoaagovmonitoring-referencesfaq
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
httpswwwnytimescominteractive20151128sciencewhat-is-climate-changehtml_r=1ampmtrref=uosueduampgwh=DC18B57718D805953D1969C3A4D8AD6Campgwt=pay
