ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy...
Transcript of ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy...
![Page 1: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Carlos Sousa
AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency
of Almada
![Page 2: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
SUMMARY
1. Workings of a Fuel Cell
2. Production, transport and storage of Hydrogen
3. Some proposal from the manufacturers
![Page 3: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
![Page 4: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
Exhaust
![Page 5: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
Main characteristics
• Each cell: 0.5 – 1 V
• Intensity: 0.3 – 1 A cm2
• Power: 0.3 – 0.5 W/cm2
![Page 6: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
Example: 2 x 100 cells ( 40 cm x 40 cm)
2 x (100 x 0.7) x (40 x 40 x 0.375) = 2 x (70 V x 640 A) = 84 kW (114 CV)
Ballard 900
107 CV
72 kg
34 x 24 x 75 cm
Volume 61 L
1,3 kW / L
![Page 7: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
15 to 35% 30 to +50%
![Page 8: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
Fuel Cell for a passengers bus,MAN
![Page 9: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE• Cost:
• 400 €/kW (7 x price of a conventional engine)
• Complete Cell: € 20 000,00 (engine € 3 000,00)
• Reliability
• Response to transient regimens
• Problems with low temperatures (below 0 ºC)
• H2 contamination
• Vehicle Adaptation
• Needs Hydrogen (production, transport and storage)!!
![Page 10: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
![Page 11: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
![Page 12: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
1. “Industrial” Production
• electrolysis of water? Natural gas? Oil refinery?
• Renewable sources
• Distribution network? (does not exist!)
• Cost, Investments
• Safety and social acceptance
![Page 13: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
2. Decentralized Production (at the filling station)
• From what? (electrolysis of water? Natural gas? Other)
• Cost of the equipment
• Safety and social acceptance
![Page 14: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
Regardless of the place of production (filling station or industrial plant)
• Filling system
• Security
• Filling time
![Page 15: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
Storage on board…
• Compressed gas @ 300 bar? (very low density)
• Liquid at –253 ºC? (high evaporation, low density)
• Solid matrix? (weight/volume ratio)
![Page 16: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
3. Onboard production with a reformer
• From natural gas, methanol, ethanol?
• Petrol?
• Problems
• System efficiency
• Cost
• Technology
• Emissions – Does not solve the “Carbon Problem”
![Page 17: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
Necar 5 e Jeep Commander (2000; CH3OH)Necar 4 (1999)
Necar 1 (1994)
Necar 3 (1997; CH3OH)
Necar 2 (1996)
![Page 18: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
Opel Hydrogen 1
• Liquid H2 (75 Litres; 5 kg H2)
• Stack with 200 cells (59/27/50 cm)
- 150 – 200 V; 90 kW/ 122 CV
- 68 kg
• Auxiliary Batery
• Weight: 1575 kg
• 0-100 km/h – 16 s
• Max. Speed: 140 km/h
• Range: 400 km
![Page 19: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS - CUTE
• Clean Urban Transport for Europe, CUTE
• Demonstration project to test and evaluate the operational performance of Hydrogen buses for public transport
• 10 European cities (Barcelona, Madrid, London, Hamburg, Luxemburg, Estocolmo, Amsterdam, Stutgart, Stockholm, Porto)
• 3 Daimler-Chrysler buses per city
• Different methods for Hydrogen production(Renewables - hydropower, natural gas, refinery)
• Evaluation of costs, infrastructure, life cycle,emissions, etc.
![Page 20: ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c286/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES
www.transportlearning.net
Thank you for your attention!