Alternative Energy Sources
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Transcript of Alternative Energy Sources
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How Electricity is generated…
• A force is needed to push the blades of a turbine• Turbine keeps a generator turning• Electromagnet produces electrical current
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Traditional energy production (Fossil Fuels)
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Combustion of Fossil Fuels
Hydrocarbon + O2 CO2 + H2O
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Benzene – C6H6
(liquid)
Examples:• Methane (CH4) – small – Gas at room temp.
• Benzene (C6H6) – medium - Liquid• Paraffin (CxHx) – large - Solid
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Uranium Uranium Pellets
Fuel Rod Assemblies
NUCLEAR ENERGY
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Nuclear Fission • Energy within the nucleus of an atom is more than 1 million times stronger than the chemical bonds between atoms.• FUEL = URANIUM (nonrenewable metal)• Uranium atoms are bombarded with neutrons that cause the nucleus to split open and energy is released.
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How Electricity is Produced from Conventional Nuclear Fission
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Nuclear Energy Advantages
1. Energy is very concentrated in the Uranium (one pellet = 1780 lbs of coal = 149 gallons of oil!)
2. Non-polluting – only steam, not smoke
Disadvantages
1. Disposal of hazardous waste
2. Can be dangerous – meltdown or weapons
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Low-Level Radioactive waste
High-Level Radioactive waste
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Storage Options - Temporary/On-Site
Storing Spent Fuel in wet and dry storage
Temporary storage includes above-ground storage casks
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Solar EnergyPassive Solar Heating – uses Sun’s solar energy to heat something directly
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Active Solar Heating – Energy from the Sun is gathered by collectors and used to heat water or heat a building.
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Photovoltaic Cells – Energy from the Sun is gathered by collectors and used to heat water or heat a building.
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Solar Power Tower – Heliostats (mirrors) focus sun’s light on a central receiving tower. •A liquid is heated inside of a pipe.
• Hot pipe comes in contact with water & makes steam
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Solar Energy
Advantages
1. “Fuel” is free (the sun)
2. Provides endless heat & light
3. It’s non-polluting
Disadvantages
1. Expensive to install/build
2. Need battery back up for night & cloudy days
3. Land-intensive
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Wind Farm – large array of wind turbines that collectively generate electricity - Sun & convection produce wind
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Wind Energy
Advantages
1. “Fuel” is free (sun wind)
2. Meet 10-15% of U.S. energy needs
3. It’s non-polluting
Disadvantages
1. Land-intensive
2. Large & Noisy
3. Hazardous to birds (flyways)
4. Consistent wind is on shoreline & mountainsides
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Hydroelectric Energy – Energy produced from moving water
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Advantages
1. “Fuel” is free (sun water cycle)
2. Water storage
3. High energy storage
4. Non-polluting
Disadvantages
1. Sediments build up behind the dams
2. Reservoir floods land
3. Disrupts fish migration
4. Too much development to build new dams
Hydroelectric Energy
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Geothermal Energy – Groundwater that has been heated by energy within Earth’s crust
Geothermal Heat-pump
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Geothermal Energy
Advantages
1. “Fuel” is free (hot water)
2. There is an abundance of hot water underground
3. Non-polluting
Disadvantages
1. Steam in one location only lasts 10-15 years
2. Will not produce a high percentage of power
3. Overuse & reinjection may deplete hot water
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Tidal Energy – Energy produced from rising & falling tidal currents
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Tidal EnergyAdvantages
1. “Fuel” is free (moon tides)
2. The tides are a steady source of energy
3. It’s non-polluting
Disadvantages
1. Limited use (area must have > 8 ft tidal range)
2. Block boat traffic
3. Hazardous to marine organisms
4. Corrosion in salt water