Also Pakistan

8/12/2019 Also Pakistan

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Over the years many Dawn readers from within and outside Pakistan have been emailing mecomplaining that whenever they tried to look for pictures of Pakistan on the internet that have little or

nothing to do with vicious looking mullahs, suicide bombings and mutilated bodies, they have failed.

Ive been scouting newspaper libraries and personal photo collections belonging to the parents, aunts

and uncles of friends and acquaintances for the last many years in an attempt to chronicle social andcultural shifts and trends in Pakis tan before the years when Pakis tans cultural and social evolution

began to become ruddily ridiculous by a quasi -Orwellian Islamist dictatorship a flippant happeningwhose deafening echoes can still be heard and felt in the now much anguished and tormented Pakistan.

There is very little memory left of a Pakistan that today almost seems like an alien planet compared towhat it has been ever since the mid-1980s.

Here, I will share with you some interesting photographs that Ive managed to gather in the last coupleof years of that alien country. A place that was also called Pakistan.

Che in Karachi: Yes, thats the great Marxis t revolutionary and legend, Che Ernesto Guevara, standingalong side Pakistans first military dictator, Ayub Khan.

Guevara stayed for a short while in Karachi during his whirlwind tour of Arab and third world countries(in 1959). He again visited Karachi in 1965 and that is when the above photograph was believed to have

been taken (inside the VIP lounge of the Karachi Airport).

It is interesting to see Che standing with Ayub Khan whose military coup (in 1958) was not only backed

by the US, but was also highly repressive of leftist forces in Pakistan.

The irony is that the widespread leftist uprising in Pakistan in the late 1960s that helped topple the

Ayub dictatorship was mainly led by leftist students many of whose icon and hero was, yup, one namedChe Ernesto Guevara!

Resources: Adnan Farooq (Viewpoint Magazine); Shahid Saeed (Friday Times).


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PIA press ad, 1965: This 1965 PIA ad (published in Dawn) bares claims that one cant even imagine PIAto make in this day and age.

Pakistans national carrier has been crumbling for the last many years and today stands on the verge ofbankruptcy. And yet, back in the 1960s and early 1970s, PIA stood strong and proud, awarded on

multiple occasions and being a constant on the list of top ten airlines of the world!

When this ad appeared in print, PIA was enjoying rapid growth within and outside Pakistan. It had

already been noted for having the most stylishly dressed air hostesses, great service, a widespreadroute and, ahem, having a generous and tasteful selection of wines, whiskeys and beers on offer.*


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*Serving alcoholic drinks on PIA was banned in April 1977.

Resources: Capt. Sami Mirza (former PIA pilot); Illustrated Weekly (June, 1968 edition); Pakistan

Economist (April, 1978 issue).

PPP formation, 1967: Its amazing how little is available by way of any visual documentation of whatwas perhaps one the most iconic events in the history of Pakistani politics i.e. the formation of thePakistan Peoples Party (PPP) during a convention in Lahore in 1967.

The convention gave birth to a populist democratic party that for the next four decades would go ontobecome both passionately loved, as well as loathed by Pakistanis in equal measure.

Chaired by the suave and yet exuberant Z. A. Bhutto, the convention was attended by some of thecountrys leading progressive and leftist intellectuals, journalists and radical studentleaders.

This photo shows Bhutto seated among the men who would turn the PPP into a fervent progressiveplatform that not only accommodated committed Marxis ts, Maoists, Islamic Socialists and liberals

alike, but would also go on to sweep the 1970 general election (in former West Pakistan). The mostendearing characteristic of the image is the way J. A. Rahim (an otherwise serious and sombre Marxist

thinker and PPPs leading ideologue) is actually sitting on Bhuttos lap!

Rahim was one of the founders (along with Z. A. Bhutto) of the PPP and co-author of the partys

original socialist-democratic manifesto.

Unfortunately in 1975, Rahim had a falling out with Bhutto and was humiliatingly expelled from the

party.

Bhutto, on the other hand, was hanged by the Ziaul Haq dictatorship in 1979 through a sham trial,

taking with him what still remains to be one of the most populist, dynamic and yet, contradictory erasin Pakistani politics.


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Resources: PPP The first phase (Hasan Askari Rizvi); PPP-Rise to Power (Philip Jones).

House full:Pakistani film industry and cinemas began experiencing a creative and financial peak in the

late 1960s; a high that would last till about 1979, before starting to patter out in the 1980s and hittingrock bottom a decade later.

There were a number of reasons for the rapid fall of the industry and the consequential closing down ofnumerous cinemas.

Two of the leading reasons were the brutal censorship policies of the reactionary Ziaul Haq dictatorship

in the 1980s, and the arrival of the VCR.

As Zias so-called Islamisation process began stuffing public space and collective socialising spots withmoral policing and restrictions, the people took their entertainment indoors.

Cinemas were hit the worst by this as not only the respectable audiences stopped frequentingcinemas; the Pakistani film industry too began to fall apart.

Illegal video shops renting Indian films and porn (allowed to openly operate after bribing the police)sprang up and cinemas began to be torn down by their owners and turned into gaudy shopping malls.

For example, in Sindh alone there were over 600 cinemas between 1969 and 1980, but only a fewhundred remained by 1985.

Similarly, the Pakistani film industry used to generate an average of 20 Urdu films a year in the 1970s,but by the late 1980s, it was struggling to come out with even five a year.

The above photo was taken in 1969 outside Karachis famous Nishat Cinema. It was also one of the firstcinemas to introduce in-house air-conditioning in cinemas in Pakistan. The picture shows a crowd of

cine-goers gathered outside the already packed cinema waiting their turn to see the premiere of aPakistani war flick, Qasam uss waqt ki.

Nishat survived the thorny Zia years, the VCR invasion and the local film industrys collapse.

In fact Nishat still stands, reeking out a survival by running latest Indian and Hollywood films.

Resources: 50 years of Pakistani Cinema (Mushtaq Gazdar). Aqeel Jafiri (personal collection).


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Just before the fall: This is the front page of Dawn that appeared only days before Pakistani troopssurrendered meekly to the Indian army in former East Pakistan (December, 1971).

It is easy to spot the haunting irony on the page that is splashed with disastrous reports about thePakistani war effort and an impending sense of doom and yet (on the bottom right) there is a quarter-

page ad placed by a large trading company showing the emblems of the Pakistan army, air-force andnavy and assuring us that Inshallah (God willing), the victory would be ours.

In hindsight, one can suggest that denial is not exactly so new a trait that Pakistanis have acquired,post-9/11; because the truth is that to most Pakistanis the stunning 1971 surrender actually came as a

rude and shocking surprise. State-owned media and the armed forces had continued to claim thatPakistani forces were on the verge of a glorious victory right till (or just before) the final fall.

In fact, in the bulletin read out on Radio Pakistan only hours before the f inal defeat, the newscasterhad reported that the Pakistan military was continuing to deliver numerous setbacks and losses to the

Indian army. And we lapped it all up, like a kid smilingly licking an imaginary popsicle.

Resources: A History of Radio Pakistan (Nihal Ahmed).


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Taliban, who? No, this is not an image from a bygone hippie f lick. It is a picture of real hippiesenjoying a few puffs of hashish on the roof of a cheap hotel in Peshawar in 1972. Yes, Peshawar.

Pakistan was an important destination that lay on what was called the hippie trail an overland routetaken by young western and American bag-packers between 1967 and 1979 and that ran from Turkey,

across Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, usually ending in Nepal.

Numerous low-budget hotels and a thriving tourist industry sprang up (in Peshawar, Lahore and

Karachi) to accommodate these travellers.


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Also Pakistan

The hippie trail began eroding after the 1977 military coup in Pakistan, the 1979 Islamic Revolution inIran and the beginning of the Afghan civil war (in 1979).

Resource: Eddie Woods (Photo)

Tequila twist!One of the rare photographs available of Karachis famous nightclub scene of the late

1960s and 1970s.

Live music, great food, lots of booze and dancing were the hallmarks of the scene. Shown here is a club

band playing to a happy audience at a mid-range nightclub in Karachi (in 1972).

According to former nightclub owner and entrepreneur, Tony Tufail, Karachi would have gone on to

become what Dubai later became if not for the ban.* *Nightclubs were closed down in April 1977.

Resource: Understanding Karachi (Arif Hassan); Instant City (Steve Inskeep).


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Moonwalkers in Karachi, 1973: How many of you know or remember that the entire crew of NASAs

Apollo 17 flight to the moon vis ited Pakistan? In July 1973, astronauts of the United States last missionto the moon arrived in Karachi.

Their visit was widely covered by the press and Pakistan Television (PTV). The astronauts were also

honoured by a welcome motorcade procession that travelled from Clifton Road till Tower area.

The photograph shows the motorcade reaching the Saddar area that was decorated with Pakistani,

American and PPP flags and colourful banners.

Some of the astronauts travelled in an open truck (see picture). The truck also carries a banner that

reads (in Urdu): Welcome to the Apollo 17 astronauts.

Resource: US Consulate General-Pakistan.


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Safer days, shorter walls: This is a 1974 picture of Karachis iconic Pearl Continental Hotel(then

called theIntercontinental). Notice the short walls of the hotel, hardly 3 and a half feet tall!

Now compare them with the tall, thick walls and the chaotic barbed wire that surround the same hoteltoday and what with all the concrete barriers and dozens of armed security personnel that one has to

go through.

Resource: Dawn


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Say, Vat? Nothing extraordinary about this old 1975 Urdu film poster of a movie released at a timewhen the countrys film industry was booming. However, check out the bottle of whiskey, Vat-69.

This brand of whiskey (according to late filmmaker and cinema historian, Mushtaq Gazdar), appeared inhundreds of Pakistani films between 1950s and late 1970s. But why Vat 69?

Gazdar wasnt sure, but he did notice that (for whatever reasons), this brand of whiskey was used bymost Pakistani directors if they had to show a good person drowning their sorrows with the help of a

stiff drink, whereas other brands were used if a bad person was shown having a shot or two.

Also, bars and nightclubs in Karachi, though stuffed with local brands of beer, vodka and whiskey,

mainly stocked Vat 69as their vintage foreign/imported brand.

Interestingly, after sale of alcohol was banned in 1977 (to Muslims), Vat 69lost its iconic status and

was replaced by local brands (such as Lion Whiskey) now available in licensed wine shops in Karachiand the interior Sindh, and Black Label stocked by enterprising bootleggers.


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At the art of it all:This 1975 photograph shows a group of some of Pakistans famous painters andsculptors with a visiting British artist at the Karachi Arts Council. Check out the flares, the sideburns

and all. And theyre smoking inside the building. Awesome.


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Marriot, 1977: This is a 1977 photograph showing Islamabads Marriot Hotel (then called Holiday Inn)being constructed. Almost three decades later this famous hotel was blown up by suicide bombers

and/or psychotics who were in a hurry to reach the rooms their handlers had booked for them in

paradise.Notice the almost barren area in front of the hotel a far cry from the wide roads, traffic signals andlines of trees and traffic that surrounds the area today.


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Talking heads:A terrific 1975 photograph of a scholarly talk show on PTV. Intellectual talk shows wererather popular on TV in Pakistan in the 1970s. This one shows renowned playwrights, Ashfaq Ahmed and

Bano Qudsia (centre right), talking about socialist plays with the host.


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Damned greatness:A 1976 photo of Pakis tans Nobel Prize winning scientist, Dr. Abdus Salam (right),with a colleague at a summer college held at Pakistans scenic Nathiyagali resort.

Considered to be one of the greatest minds produced by Pakistan, Dr. Salam, a devout member of theAhmadi community, was associated with various scientific and developmental projects undertaken by

the government from the 1950s till 1974.

He quit and left Pakis tan in protest after the Ahmadis were declared as non-Muslim (in the 1973

Constitution).

However, he kept returning to the country on the invitation of friends, but he never reconciled withthose whod pushed to declare his community a non-Muslim minority in the country of his birth andwork.

Resources: Abdus Salam Archives (Picture).


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Hippie invasion: Cover of the soundtrack album (LP) of 1974 box-office hit, Miss Hippie. The filmdepicted the effect hippie lifestyle and fashion were having on Pakistani youth. (sic)

Starring popular 1970s Pakistani film actress, Shabnam, the film conveniently forgot that more thanhalf of the hashish that was being consumed by the invading hippies was actually being produced and

smuggled in and from Pakistan!


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Pray tell:Photograph showing late Pir Pagara talking to the press at the Karachi Press Club in 1977.Pagara was heading a right-wing movement against the Z. A. Bhutto regime.

Here he is seen talking to the press (surrounded by some members of the Jamat-i-Islami, Jamat Ulema

Islam and Jamiat Ulema Pakistan).The men then got up to say their evening prayers.

However, a commotion broke out between the religious leaders of the movement when JI and JUI men

refused to pray behind JUP leader, Shah Noorani.

JUI was inclined towards Sunni Deobandi school of thought whereas Noorani was from the pro-Barelvi

JUP. Though united in their opposition to Bhuttos socialism, both men thought the other was amisguided Muslim.


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The King wuz here: Rare poster of Indian Ghazal king (and queen) Jagit & Chitras tour of Lahore in1979. They held a series of successful concerts, with the most colourful one taking place in the citys

historical Shalimar Gardens.

Not in our name:Women organisations were at the forefront of the many movements that took place

against the brutal Ziaul Haq dictatorship. This 1980 photograph is from a violent protest held by female

college students (in Lahore) against the Zia regimes masochistic attitude towards women.

Resources: Herald (April, 1980).


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Desperado, 1981:This is a rare photograph of notorious Pakistani left-wing radical, Salamulla Tipu,hanging out from the cockpit of a PIA plane that he had hijacked with three other colleagues in 1981.

Tipu, a leftist student leader from Karachi, had joined Murtaza Bhuttos Al-Zulfikar Organisation (AZO)to instigate an urban guerrilla war against the Ziaul Haq dictatorship (1977-88).

The plane was hijacked from Karachi, flown to Kabul and then to Damascus. Tipu and co. (armed withAK-47s and hand grenades), only released the passengers after the Zia regime agreed to release 50-plus

political prisoners from jails.

In 1984, however, in an ironic twist of fate, Tipu the Marxist revolutionary, was executed by the pro-

Soviet regime in Kabul after hed fallen out with Murtaza Bhutto, while the other hijackers travelled to

Libya where they are said to be still living.

There is very little memory left of a Pakistan that today almost seems like an alien planet comparedto what it has been ever since the mid-1980s.

Here, I share with you some interesting photographs that I have managed to gather in the last coupleof years of that alien country. A place that was also called Pakistan.

This sequel comprises images of vintage artifacts and photographs that couldnt make it to the firstpart.


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Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) chairman Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, addresses a rally at Muhammad AliJinnahs mausoleum in Karachi in 1969. (Photo courtesy of eBay.)

The rally was held immediately after a protest movement led by leftist students; labour and journalistunions; political parties, including PPP and the National Awami Party (NAP), had forced Pakis tans first

military dictator Ayub Khan, to resign.

Construction of the mausoleum began in the early 1960s and was still underway when the rally was

held. Wooden ladders and planks being used for construction purposes were acrobatically utilised bythe crowd to gain vantage viewing points on the day of the rally.


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Army troops patrol

the streets opposite Club Road and near PIDC building in Karachi, during the anti-Ayub Khanprotest movement in 1969.

The picture was taken by a foreign tourist from his room at the Hotel Intercontinental (now,PearlContinental), which is situated diagonally opposite the PIDC building.


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Legendary jazz saxophonist and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, visited Pakistan during his whirlwindtour of Asia and the Middle East in the early 1950s. Here, he is seen playing his sax with a Sindhi

snake charmer at a public park in Karachi in 1954.


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Famous

Hollywood stars Ava Gardner and Stewart Granger arrive at Lahore Airport, 1954. The actorsarrived in Lahore with a full filming crew to shoot a major portion of the film Bhowani Junction.

Ava Gardner shooting a scene at the Lahore Railway Station in 1954.


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Pakistani fans and artistes gather around the main cast of Bhowani Junction on the films sets inLahore.

American tourists enjoy

a camel ride at Karachis Clifton beach in 1960. [Video grab from a 1960 tourism promotional filmmade by Pan Am]

A series of apartment blocks, bungalows, fast-food joints and restaurants have sprung up in the areatoday but no tourists, especially not the bikini-wearing kind.
http://dawncompk.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/bowani-junction-shoot-lahore-dawn-nfp.jpg


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A

1964 PIA press ad featuring famous Hollywood comedian and actor Bob Hope.

PIA was one of the first airlines in the world to introduce in-flight entertainment. It regularly featured

in all the prestigious top-10-airline lists for over 20 years, before dropping out in the mid-1980s.


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This is a 1967 press ad published in LIFEmagazine for the American insurance company,Continental Insurance.

The number of American and British tourists visiting Pakistan began to grow from the early 1960s. Thetrend hit a peak in the late 1970s before starting to dwindle and peter out in the mid-1980s.

It (in a tongue-in-cheek manner) addresses those traveling to Karachi and getting injured during acamel crash.

American Embassy building under construction in Karachi, 1957. (Photo courtesy of eBay.)

Completed in the late 1950s, the building became an iconic s tructure on Karachis Abdullah Haroon

Road.

Apart from having a busy visa section, it also housed a state-of-the-art projection hall and a

widespread library, which was used by generations of Karachis school and college students before i twas closed down in the late 1990s.

Easy to access across the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s the building was gradually barricaded and heavilyfortified after the tragic September 11 episode in 2001. The visa section was moved to Islamabad,

before returning to Karachi in 2012 (in a different building and compound).

This building faced at least four terrorist attacks between 2002 and 2006 and survived them all.

Though the US consulate has now moved to a different location in Karachi, the building still stands.


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Part of the cast and crew of Pakistan Television (PTV)s 1970 play, Shazori, at a reception givenin their honour by Canada Dry beverages company.

Shakeel (third from left) became a heartthrob and sex symbol, being cast in a number of famous PTVplays as a hero throughout the 1970s. He also tried his luck in films but failed to gain the kind of

popularity he enjoyed on television.

Today, in his sixties, he still appears on the mini-screen as a character actor.

Newspaper ad (taken from DAWNs 7 February,1972 edition) announcing the arrival of a Lebanesebelly dancer in Karachi.

Between the early 1960s and late 1970s, Karachi was dotted by a number of nightclubs that competedfor clients by offering the best in-house pop bands, bars and professional belly dancers invited from

cities like Beirut, Cairo, Tehran and Istanbul.

Nightclubs were ordered shut in 1977.


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A vibrant 1973 poster prepared and printed by the Pakistan Ministry of Tourism to attract tourismto the city of Lahore.


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A copy of famous spy novelist, Edward S. Arrons 1962 book Assignment Karachi.

The book was one of the many he wrote that involved the adventures of CIA agent Sam Durell in various

cities across the world.

This novel, which narrated the tale of Durell working with Pakistani authorities to capture Soviet-

backed henchmen, became an instant best-seller in Pakistan.

However, in a quirky twist, some copies of this novel were set on fire by pro-Soviet leftist students

during a demonstration (at the Karachi University) against Ayub Khans education policy in 1962.


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A 1967 tourism poster for Karachi (printed by American airline Pan Am and used in Europe and theUS).


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A special stamp released by government of Pakistan in 1973, to plead the return of the 90,000Pakistani prisoners of war captured by the Indian forces during the 1971 war.

Pakistan lost its eastern wing (East Pakistan) in the war. The break gave birth to Bangladesh.

A 1970 copy of a paperback version of the conspiratorial (and fictitious) book, Protocols of Zion,printed in Pakistan in 1969.

The Protocols, a book describing a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world, first appeared in Russ ia in

1903. It was written by an obscure Russian anti-Semite author (most probably as a novel), but wasgiven a whole new angle and widespread publicity by anti-Semite American industrial tycoons like

Henry Ford and then by the Nazi regime in Germany.

Though constantly debunked as a hoax and a farce, the book soon became popular among Arabs

incensed by the creation of Israel in 1948.


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A section of a bar in Karachi seen in 1974.

Before the sale of alcohol beverages was banned (to Muslims) in Pakistan in April, 1977, Karachi had

the largest number of bars in the country.This particular bar (called Karachi On) was situated at Elphinstone Street, in the Saddar area of

Karachi. The area was home to a number of nightclubs.

The picture belongs to Ali Huda Shah, whose maternal uncle was the owner of the bar. It was shut

down in April 1977.

Today, though there are no public bars in Pakistan, however, licensed liquor outlets selling local beer,

whiskey, gin and rum brands still operate in Karachi and the rest of Sindh.

The makers of these local brands are some of the leading tax-paying companies in the country.


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A still from one of the most famous one-off plays on Pakistan television, Quratul Ain (1975).

It starred Naveen Tajik (right), a Pakistani Christian, who, along with Roohi Bano and Uzma Gillani, washailed as one of the finest TV actresses in Pakistan (in the 1970s).

Quratul Ain (scripted by Asfaq Ahmed) tells the story of a young man who wants to join the air force

and is in love with a girl (Qurat).

Passionate about joining the air force, the young man is distraught after he begins to lose his eye sight.

Qurat tells him she doesnt care and that they should get married. The young man agrees but thenvanishes. Not even his family knows about his whereabouts. Qurat waits for him but is finally coaxed by

her father to find another man.

Many years later she accompanies her husband to a Sufi shrine from where she wants to buy some

bangles.

As the husband goes looking for a bangles shop, Qurat stumbles upon a blind Sufi fakir (vagabond)selling bangles from a sack.

He has long hair and a beard. He asks for one of her hands so he could put the bangles over her wrist.

Its her lost lover. She does not recognise him.

But he recognises her the moment he holds her hand. In shock, he lets go of his sack and her hand and

vanishes into the crowd. It is left to the audience to figure out whether a surprised Qurat realises whothe man was.


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The play was part of PTVs Aik Muhabbat Soh Afsaneyseries in which Sufi themes were set in modernurban settings.

Naveen, though hugely successful as a TV actress and fashion model, failed to make a mark in films.She left for the US in the early 1980s.

A shelf in a shop displaying Scotch whiskey brands in Khyber Pakhtunkhwas Bara market(smugglers market) in 1977.

The market was popular with both foreign tourists as well as Pakistanis coming from Karachi andLahore to buy imported and/or smuggled cloth, clothes, shoes, electronic good and foreign whiskey

brands.

The Bara area began to come under the influence of Islamist groups from the late 1980s and today the

area has no such market and is in the grip of a violent and bloody conflict between armedfundamentalist outfits and the state of Pakistan.


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A video grab from PTVs groundbreaking coverage of the 1970 general elections.

Running consecutively for 48 hours, the 1970 election transmiss ion was one of the firs t long duration

live events telecast by PTV.

Seen in the picture is famous PTV anchor of the 1970s, Laeeq Ahmed, pointing at the number of seats

(162) won by the Bengali nationalist party in former East Pakistan, the Awami League (AL).

In 1971 AL rebelled against the West Pakistan military establishment (for not giving it the democratic

right to lead the new democratic regime as a majority party), and after a bloody civil war, EastPakistan broke away and became the independent Bengali republic of Bangladesh.

Notice how the host is holding a cigarette in his hand while discussing the election results. TV hostscommonly smoked on the air until the practice was discontinued in the early 1980s.


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A 1974 press ad of Red & White cigarettes. Just like in other airports of the world at the time,smoking was allowed in all areas of Pakistani airports as well. The shoot for this ad took place at

the old Karachi Airport that worked as a hub in the region and was one of the busiest airports inAsia receiving up to 60 flights in an hour from around the world.


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The man is sitting at a famous waiting lounge/restaurant at the airport (Sky Grill) that also had a fullbar and was the only place at the airport that was centrally air-conditioned.

Former Pakistani Test batsman Sadiq Muhammad (left) and former Pakistan cricket captain,Mushtaq Muhammad, share a beer in Sydney in January, 1977.

The picture was taken inside the players dressing room at the Sydney Cricket Ground after Pakistandefeated a strong Australian Test side. This was Pakistans first Test victory against Australia in

Australia. With the victory, Pakistan squared the series 1 -1 after being one down in the series. Seen inthe background is a shirtless Imran Khan who took 12 wickets in the match.


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Pakistan cricket teams famous pace duo, Imran Khan and Sarfraz Nawaz, at a nightclub inMelbourne in 1981.

The picture was taken during Pakistan teams 1981 tour of Australia. Architects of various wins by thePakistan team in the 1970s and early 1980s, Imran and Sarfraz who were both best friends but had a

major falling out as politicians in the 1990s.

Sarfraz, a long-time Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) supporter, joined the PPP after retirement (in 1988)

whereas Khan formed his own party (1996). Nawaz changed allegiances last year, when he switched tothe Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).


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A 1973 photo of Nawaz Sharif. Sharif came from a business family and according to a biography(published in 2004), he was a music and film enthusiast and a PPP/Bhutto supporter at col lege (in

the late 1960s).

In the 1970s his family had a falling out with the PPP regime it nationalised a large part of the Sharif

familys businesses.

Nawaz joined politics in the 1980s, guided by anti-PPP dictator, Ziaul Haq. Today his party, the PML-N,

is the second largest political party in Pakistan after the PPP.


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End of an era: Karachi on the day the reactionary military junta led by Ziaul Haq toppled the Z ABhutto regime (July 5, 1977). In the background is a large cinema that closed down in the 1 980s.

Also Pakistan IIIThere is very little memory left of a Pakistan that today almost seems like an alien planet compared

to what it has been ever since the mid-1980s.

Here, I shall once again share with you some interesting photographs that I have managed to gather in

the last couple of years of that alien country.

A place that was also called Pakis tan.

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Astronaut of NASAs Apollo 17 and his wife wave to fans on their arrival at Lahore Airport (1973).
http://dawn.com/2012/07/26/also-pakistan-iii/46-also-pakistan/


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A scene from Hollywood blockbuster Bhowani Junction being shot outside a Lahore police station.

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A couple swings into action at a New Years party at a nightclub at Karachis Hotel Metropole (1957).

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A newspaper clipping (from Pakistans daily, Morning News) with a report on how Pakistani pop fansgate-crashed their way into a bar at the Karachi Airport where the famous pop band The Beatles were

having a drink. They had arrived in Karachi (1963) to get a connecting f light to Hong Kong. Between the1960s and late 1970s the Karachi Airport was one of the busiest in the region. (Picture Courtesy: Sami

Shah).

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Western tourists sunbathing on a Karachi beach (early 1960s).

A group of American tourists on a crabbing trip in Karachi. Crabbing (catching crabs) was a thriving

tourist activity in Karachi where tourists would rent boats from the coastal Kimari area of the city andgo crabbing. The boats mostly belonged to men belonging to the Afro -Pakistani community in

Karachi and some of them had small barbecue kitchens and bars fitted in the boats. The boats are stillthere, but not the tourists.

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The Queen of England (Elizabeth II) meeting a welcoming committee during her vis it to Karachi in 1961.She also toured many parts of the city with the then ruler of Pakistan, Field Martial Ayub Khan in an

open-top limousine.

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Students sympathetic to the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the left-wing National StudentsFederation (NSF) clash with the police and pro-government students in Karachi (1969). The student and

labour movement between 1967 and 1968 had already toppled the dictatorship of Ayub Khan.

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Plainclothes cops nab a radical Pushtun nationalist student who was accused of firing shots from aconcealed gun at Ayub Khan at a pro-Ayub rally in Peshawar (late 1968).

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A press ad in a Pakistani magazine announcing the launch of Canadian Club Whiskey in Pakistan (early

1960s). The whiskey was first made available at Karachis horse racing and polo club (Race Course) andthen introduced in the citys many bars.
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A West Pakistani clashes with an East Pakistani Bengali in Dhaka (1970).

Militant Bengali nationalists (Mukti Bhaini) aim at West Pakistan troops during the 1971 Civil Warbetween West Pakistani military and East Pakistan nationalists. The Bengali nationalists picked up arms

against the Pakistan military after accusing it of committing large scale massacres against Bengalis.Backed by India, the rebels defeated the West Pakistan military and East Pakistan became Bangladesh.


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East Pakistani women march with guns on the streets of Dhaka in a show of defiance against the WestPakistan military establishment (1971).

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An early poster advertising the Pakistani beer brand Murrees first launch of light beers.


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Pakistani men take an adventurous ride on an Afghan taxi (1972). Every day thousands of P akistaniscrossed into Afghanistan for trade on such taxis. Many would also visit Kabul to watch latest Indian

films in Kabul cinemas then return to Pakistan in the evening.

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A group of hippies (British, French and American) wait for a bus in Lahore (1972). Pakistan was animportant destination on what was called the Hippie Trail.

The trail was used by thousands of young European and American backpackers between the late 1960sand 1979. It was an overland route that began in Turkey, ran through Iran, curved into Afghanistan and

Pakistan and then from India ended in Nepal.

A huge tourist industry sprang up in these countries to accommodate the backpackers. In Pakistan, the

travelers entered Peshawar (from Jalalabad in Afghanistan). From Peshawar they went to Lahore. Some


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took a bus into India while others vis ited Karachi and Swat before returning to Lahore and crossed intoIndia.

The trail closed after the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran; the beginning of civil war in Afghanistan; anddue to the reactionary nature of the Ziaul Haq dictatorship that came to power in Pakistan in 1977.

A 1973 tourism brochure printed by the Pakistan Ministry of Tourism. The brochure had details ofhotels, restaurants, bars and tourist spots that had sprung up on the Hippie Trail.

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A tourism bus operated by Pakis tans Minis try of Tourism taking western tourists on a sight-seeing ride

in Karachi (1974). Such buses were decorated keeping in mind the times hippie aesthetics.

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A 1968 shot of a famous Karachi cinema, Taj Mahal. It was one of the many that operated during theheydays of Pakistans film industry.

Between 1965 and 1977, the industry produced dozens of films every month. The trend hit a peak in1975 when a total number of 114 Urdu films were released that year.

The industry began to wither away from the late 1970s due to the arrival of a reactionary dictatorshipand then the growing popularity of the VCR.

Today the Pakistan film industry that was one of the most lucrative show-biz ventures in the country inthe 1960s and 1970s is as good as dead.

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A classic early 1970s hand-painted billboard of actor and martial arts expert, Bruce Lee.

This particular billboard was painted in Lahore and was used to advertise Lees 1973 blockbuster Enter

the Dragon. Just like in the West, Lee had become an icon and hugely popular with action filmenthusiasts in Pakistan as well. His films did roaring business in cinemas and popularised the martial

arts in Pakistan. Lee died a sudden death in 1973.

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A rare photo showing the Pakistan hockey team on its way to win the 1971 Hockey World Cup held inBarcelona, Spain. It defeated the host country in the finals.

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Wife of the Shah of Iran arrives at the Quetta Airport (1973). She was greeted by the then Balochistangovernor, Mir Ghaos Baksh Beznjo, who belonged to the left-wing National Awami Party (NAP) that

headed the government in Balochistan (after the 1970 election).

Ironically, Bezenjo and the NAP government in the province were dismissed by the Z A. Bhutto regime

when the Shah of Iran warned Pakis tan that NAP was instigating Baloch nationalist rebellion in theIranian part of Balochistan.

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A 21-year-old Benazir Bhutto sitting on the porch of her father Z A. Bhuttos house in Karachi (1974).Benazir would go on to lead her fathers Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) after he was hanged to death by

General Ziaul Haq in April 1979.

In 1990s she was twice elected as Pakis tans prime minister before tragically losing her life at the

hands of Islamic militants in December 2007.

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Cover of the May 1972 issue of The Herald. Herald (a monthly published by the Dawn Group) wasinitially a magazine focusing on the changing fashion, political and social trends of the urban Pakistani

youth. However, from 1980 onwards it became more political in its content.


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A 1973 issue of The Herald with a cover story on the then vibrant social scene of Karachi.

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Famous Pakistani model, Rakhshanda Khattak. She was one of Pakistans leading fashion models in the1970s before quitting and leaving the country in 1979. She died in the United States in 2011. (The

photo is from 1972). -Photo courtesy: Express Tribune

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A 1973 album cover (that was then turned into a poster) of Pakistani film playback singer and pop icon,Runna Laila. This poster became popular with college students and could be found gracing the walls of

their hostel rooms right along-side posters of Che Gurevara, Mao tse Tung, etc.

Laila was a Bengali hailing from East Pakistan. Her songs attracted the attention and adoration of the

Pakistani youth in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Though she did not leave West Pakistan after East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971, she finally

decided to go and become a Bangladeshi citizen in 1974.

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A 1972 Runa Laila song (performed on Pakistans state-owned TV channel, PTV) that added the hippiechic in modern Pakistani music.


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Soundtrack album (LP) of 1975 Pakistani film, Shabana. The film starred one of the leading Pakistani

film actresses and sex symbol of the 1970s, Barbra Sharif.

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A 1975 poster showing some of Pakistans most popular Sindhi, Baloch, Pushtun and Punjabi folkperformers. The poster was printed in the United States where these performers went to perform at

the American Folklife Concert in Washington DC.

Indigenous Pakistani folk culture and music were aggressively patronised by the populist government of

Z A. Bhutto. Some analysts suggest that this was at least one part of his regimes strategy to co-optnationalist sentiments s immering among Sindhi, Baloch and Pushtun nationalists.

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A European couple outside a cheap hotel in Peshawar in 1975. A number of such hotels had sprung up inPeshawar, Lahore and Karachi to accommodate the rising tide of Western backpackers that began

arriving from the late 1960s onwards. Cant explain the gun holster, though. Most probably its empty.

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Famous 1970s Iranian pop singer and icon Madam Googoosh on the cover of a Persian magazine, Beta.Googoosh toured Pakistan in 1975 and became a huge hit with concert and TV audiences.

She planned to return for another series of concerts in Pakistan but after the 1979 Islamic Revolution in

Iran she was banned by the new Iranian regime.

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Some young members of the Pakistan cricket team living it up at a nightclub (1976). Seen (from left):The hard-hitting and flamboyant Wasim Raja (bearded); opener Mudassar Nazar; fast bowler S ikandar

Bakht and batsman, Javed Miandad.

Notice the tone used in the caption of the photograph that appeared in a Pakistani English daily. It isupbeat and matter-of-fact, unlike the condemning tone that (mostly Urdu press) began to use forpartying cricketers after early 1980s.

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A 1974 photo of famous Pakistani cricketer, Imran Khan, in typically flashy and express ive 1970s attire.Equally famous of being an over indulgent playboy, Khan became a born-again Muslim after he

retired from cricket in 1990 and then formed a political party (in 1996).

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A 1987 picture showing former Pakistan cricket captain sitting with conservative Pakistani militarydictator, General Ziaul Haq. Khan had announced his retirement from cricket in 1987 but was coaxed

to return to the team by Zia.


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During the 1970s and 1980s, most major Pakistani cricket stars had political connections (though theywere never a direct part of any party). For example, fast bowler Sarfraz Nawaz, former Pakistan

captain Mushtaq Muhammad and Javed Miandad were Bhutto fans.

And though Khan was not politically inclined towards Zias conservative policies, he remained a close

acquaintance of the dictator.

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A 1976 photo showing famous Pakistani pop star, Alamgir, sharing a joke with popular TV actor andcomedian, late Moin Akhtar. The photo was taken just before an Alamgir concert in Karachi that was

hosted by Moin.

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Rare 1975-76 clip of Alamgir performing with a v isiting Turkish pop singer on PTV. The song was laterbanned by the Zia dictatorship in 1978.

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Pakistani TV

actors, Akbar Subhani, Shakeel and RJ on the set of a PTV play (1975). Subhani went on to become an

accomplished stage actor, while Shakeel (centre) had already risen as a star on TV in the 1970s.

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Western tourists enjoy beer at the poolside of Karachis Intercontinental Hotel (1976). -Photo courtesyRory McLane.

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American tourists travelling to Lahore from Karachi on a Pakistan Railways train (1976). -Photo courtesy

Murad Husain and Bina Ahmed.

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A group of college girls relaxing outside their college in Karachi (1976).

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Rare footage of the famous Pakistan vs. India Test match played at the Karachi Stadium in 1978.Petering out as a dull draw, the match suddenly came alive when the Pakistan team captain, Mushtaq

Muhammad, decided to chase the then impossible target of 160 plus runs in less than 25 overs in thelast sess ion of the match.

A 21-year-old Javed Miandad and Vice Captain, Asif Iqbal, were sent in as openers. After an incredibledisplay of running between the wickets, Pakistan still required more than 8 runs an over when Iqbal got

out.

Mushtaq sent in the young Imran Khan (then 26) to lift the scoring rate. After surviving a run-out scare,

Khan tore into the Indian bowling attack by smashing two towering sixes and a four to take Pakistanhome to victory.

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DAWN headline about the military take-over of General Ziaul Haq (July 1977). The elections did nottake place next October. Zia ruled for 11 years. Pakistan was never the same again.

It was an effort that with the help of painstakingly researched and collected images, tried to capturea Pakistan that now seems like a different planet compared to what it has been ever since the 1980s.

A strange, alien place that was also called Pakistan.

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A 1955 bottle of Pakola. Every Pakistani knows about Pakola Ice-Cream Soda. The bright green coloured

soft-drink that is also hailed (unofficially, though) to be Pakis tans national soft-drink.
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But for the first few years Pakola struggled to find a market for itself that was packed with popularsoft-drinks such as Coca-Cola, 7Up and Bubble-Up.

Then in 1955 it even had to print the words Non-Alcoholic on its bottles because thanks to its strik ingcolour, some stores (in Karachi) actually began storing it alongside their stock of alcoholic beverages!

By the 1970s however, Pakola finally established itself as a popular soft -drink.

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The charismatic Jacqueline Kennedy, wife of the popular US President, J. F. Kennedy, vis ited Pakistanin 1962. Here she is seen riding in an open-top limo with the then ruler of Pakistan, Ayub Khan, in the

Saddar area of Karachi jam-packed by young men and women who had gathered on both sides of theroad to greet her.

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Crowds gather at a runaway at the Karachi Airport to witness a flying parade and joint militaryexercises of American and Pakistani armed forces (1953).

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A modern rail car made in Pakistan withthe collaboration of Japanese engineers parked at the LahoreRailway Station in 1964. Popular with travellers wanting to move rapidly between cities, the cars were

commiss ioned out of service in the 1980s.

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The iconic Mausoleum of Pakistans founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, under construction in Karachi. Thispicture was taken in 1965. The imposing structure was finally completed almost five years later.

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A 1967 image of the American Embass y in Karachi. It was one of the most recognisable buildings in

Karachis Abdullah Haroon Road area.

Built in 1958, the Embassy, apart from handling the visa issuing operations, also had a large library.

As can be seen in the picture, it hardly had any barriers or security and its doors were open to all.

However, from the late 1980s onwards, when Islamist violence began to rise within Pakistan, the

Embassy was fortified by a tall wall.

Later, especially after the tragic 9/11 event and after the building faced at least three terror attacksin the 2000s, the walls were thickened, barriers placed and security tightened.

The library that was hugely popular with Karachis school and collage students was closed and the visa

section was moved to Islamabad.

In 2011, the building was abandoned and the Embassy was moved to a different location in Karachi.

The building still stands, though.

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A scene of a snow-covered street in Quetta (1968). The street, called Layton Road, today has lostalmost all of the beautiful old trees that can be seen in the picture.

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The first pages of a detailed book written by a professional travel writer from the United States. The

book was published in early 1962 a time when various American airlines and travel writers wereheavily promoting Pakistan as a tourist destination.

The image is that of Karachis Zoological Garden that was then called the Gandhi Garden.

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A 1963 brochure printed by the government of Pakistan. The influx of western tourists arriving in thecountry had risen by the time this brochure was published. It contained maps and names of famous

tourist spots, beaches, mountain resorts, hotels, nightclubs and bars in the country (both in West and

former East Pakistan).

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A 1966 Pakistani press ad announcing the launch of famous Australian car, Valiant, in Pakistan. It wasone of the first cars to be assembled in Pakistan. Picture courtesy DAWN.

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Girls taking part in a swimming competition at a sports complex in Karachi in 1970.

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VHS cover of Pakistans first horror and X-rated film, Zinda Laash (The Living Dead). Released in 1967,

the film was a huge hit in an era when the Pakistans film industry was dishing out an average of 50films a year, most of them romantic fantasies.

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This poster attacking the imperialist grip of the American CIA over various third world countries

(including Pakistan) began appearing on the walls of colleges and univers ities of Karachi and Lahore in1968. The poster was originally designed in South America but was reproduced in Pakistan by radicalleftist student groups during their movement against the Ayub Khan dictatorship (1968-69). Poster

courtesy Rashid Chaudhry.

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Students belonging to the left-wing National Students Federation campaign during a student unionelections at the Karachi University in 1969. Picture courtesy: Tarek Fateh.

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The first men on the moon land in Pakistan. Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin (the first men to

land on the moon), arrived in Karachi in early 1970 during their tour of South Asia. Here they are seenbeing greeted by an enthusiastic crowd just outside the Karachi Airport. Picture courtesy LIFE.

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A young Pakistani woman sitting on her motorbike in the Soldier Bazzar area of Karachi (1969). Picturecourtesy Zarmeena P.

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The December 1971 cover of Time magazine. The main story detailed the breaking away of former East

Pakistan (after a bloody civil war with the West Pakistan army) . The picture is that of a Bengalimilitant celebrating the defeat of the West Pakistan military.

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An intriguing June 1971 photograph of a West Pakistani soldier searching an East Pakis tani Bengali inDhaka (the former capital of East Pakistan). Picture courtesy LIFE.

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Two displaced and poverty-s tricken children stand in an open field surrounded by used artillery shells

in a village in former war-torn East Pakistan (1971).

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A stamp celebrating Pakistans victory in the 1971 Hockey World Cup held in Barcelona, Spain.

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A serene image of Peshawars famous Kisa Kahani Bazaar (Storytellers Market) in 1972. A culturallyrich and ancient marketplace, the area has continuously come under terrorist attacks by Islamist

militants ever since the early 2000s.

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A college student poses in front of a street in Quetta in 1972.

Today, Quetta is plagued by brutal v iolence involving Sunni sectarian outfits, Baloch nationalist groups

and the Pakistan military.

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A 1972 picture showing European visitors and local Christians seen during a passing out ceremony at aCatholic school in Rawalpindi. Picture courtesy John Meacham.

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A young 8-year-old Shahrukh Khan (current Bollywood star) visited Pakistan with his family (as a tourist)in 1973. Here he is seen during his familys visit to Swat. Picture courtesy Luqman Ghauri.

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A 1974 photograph showing the inside of a hashish house in Quetta.

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A poster of 1973 film Operation Pakistan. A B-grade film made by a Greek director, the film wasreleased in Pakistan in 1973. It is about the adventures of an FBI agent who tracks down hashish

smugglers in Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. The characters of Pakistanis (seen below left) were all playedby amateur Pakistani actors. The film was a box-office flop.

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An early 1970s press ad of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). PIA was considered to be one of the ten

best airlines in the world between 1962 and 1980.

It constantly scored high for having best in-flight entertainment, business class, most convenient

connections, delicious cuisine and a wide selection of wine, whiskeys and beer.


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A 1973 press ad of the famous Hotel Midway House in

Karachi. The hotel was owned and run by PIA. It was located near the Karachi Airport and was popular

with tourists and locals alike for its barbeque restaurant and nightclub. It was eventually closed downin the mid-1980s.

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A 1974 T-Shirt.

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Tourism in Pakistan grew two-fold in the 1970s. This special stamp was issued by the countrys Ministryof Tourism in 1975.

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A Swiss tourist gets his cars tank filled at a gas station on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border (1974).

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A European tourist with two students of the Peshawar University in an old street of Peshawar (1974).

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A European tourist family outside a rest house in Murree, 1974.

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Tourists enjoy a buggy ride

outside Peshawars Hotel Intercontinental (1975).

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Pakistani actress and model, Bindia, at a cultural festival in Karachi (1975).

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Famous revolutionary poet, late Habib Jalib, enjoys a drink with veteran journalist, late Khalid Hassan,and friends at a restaurant in Karachi in 1975.

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Western tourists jam with a Pakistani tabla player in Karachi (1975).

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Pakistani test cricketers S ikandar Bakht and Javed Miandad in 1976.

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A 1978 French release of an album by famous Pakistani Qawali group, the Sabri Brothers.

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Cover of a live album by popular Indian ghazal duo, Jagjit and Chitra. The album was recording duringone of the many live concerts the duo played during their tour of Pakistan in 1978.

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Altaf Gohar and Khalid Hassan with Noble Prize winning Pakistani scientist, Dr. Abdus Salam (centre) inthe late 1970s.

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1977 cover of famous Pakistani Urdu magazine, Dhanak. Radical in its aesthetics, the magazine washugely popular with young men and women. It covered fashion trends, ran film reviews and also had

left-leaning articles on politics.

A number of noted progress ive Urdu intellectuals such as Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Munir Niazi, Mumtaz Mufti,

etc., wrote regularly for Dhanak.

It was edited and published by Sarwar Sukhera. In 1979 it became the firs t publication to be directly

clamped down by the reactionary Ziaul Haq dictatorship that took over power through a military coupin July 1977.

Deemed as anti-Islam by the Zia regime, Dhanak offices were attacked by Jamat-e-Islami goons andSarwar was arrested for committing treason.

Sarwar went into exile after the magazine was shut down. Picture courtesy: Laleen Khan.

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A promotional shot of famous PTV play, Uncle Urfi (1975). It was one of the first PTV serials that is saidto have made roads empty of cars and people during the time of its telecast (8 PM every Saturday).

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A group of European tourists travelling and enjoying a cup of tea on a Pakistani train, 1976.

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A German tourist outside a hashish shop in the tribal areas of former NWFP (now KhyberPakhtunkhwa), 1976.

With the state of Pakis tan having little influence in such areas, shops selling hashish sprang up when

young western tourists began to pour into Pakistan from Afghanistan from the late 1960s onwards. (Seealso Hippie Trail in Also-Pakistan I, II and III).

Today however, these areas are strictly off-limits not only to foreigners but also Pakistanis due to the

war between Islamist insurgents and the Pakistan military.

The fate of the shops is unknown. -Picture courtesy Dan Atkinson

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A special stamp released by the government of Pakistan to mark the centenary of St. PatricksCathedral in Karachi (1978).

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Before the great Janagir Khan and Jansher Khan in squash there was Qamar Zaman. Here he is seen

arguing with the umpire while on his way to beat the then No: 1, the Australian, Jeff Hunt, during afinal played in Karachi in 1976.

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An American Christian evangelist addressing Pakistani Christians and converts in a village nearAbbotabad in 1977. -Picture courtesy Williamson

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Pakistani star batsman, Javed Miandad, smashes the s tumps after being given out LBW in a test match

against India (1979).

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Imran Khan was one of the first Pakistani cricketers to appear in press ads and TV commercials. Herehe is seen with Indian batsman, Sunil Gavaskar, in a 1979 ad for Indian soft-drink, Thumbs-up.

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Pakistan Peoples Party supporters mourn and pray just outside the grounds (in Rawalpindi) where PPPChairman and former Prime Minister, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, was hanged by the Ziaul Haq dictatorship in

April 1979. This picture was taken in October 1979.

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Also Pakistan

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Transcript of Also Pakistan