Alpha Beta Gamma
description
Transcript of Alpha Beta Gamma
![Page 1: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AlphaBeta
Gamma
AlphaBeta
Gamma
![Page 2: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lesson ContentsLesson Contents1. Physical properties of ,
and 2. Penetrating power
of,and3. N v Zgraphs4. Decay laws
![Page 3: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Alpha RadiationAlpha RadiationAlpha particles contain two protons and two neutrons
![Page 4: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alpha RadiationAlpha Radiation has the same constitution as a helium nucleusAlpha particles may be written as
They have a double positive charge and a mass of 4 u
![Page 5: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Beta-minus RadiationBeta-minus RadiationBeta-minus particles are electrons
![Page 6: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Beta-minus RadiationBeta-minus Radiation- is produced when a neutron decaysBeta-minus particles may be written as
They have a negative charge and a mass of 1/1800 u
![Page 7: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Beta-minus RadiationBeta-minus Radiation
- is produced when a neutron decays
The surplus mass is released as kinetic energy in the - and as an antineutrino
![Page 8: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gamma RadiationGamma RadiationGamma rays are a form of electro-magnetic radiation
![Page 9: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gamma RadiationGamma Radiation release is often associated with or decayGamma rays remove energy from an unstable nucleus
![Page 10: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Beta-plus RadiationBeta-plus Radiation+ particles are positrons
![Page 11: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Beta-plus RadiationBeta-plus Radiation+ is produced when a proton decays
The surplus mass is released as kinetic energy in the + and as a neutrino
![Page 12: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Penetrating powerPenetrating power has a high massIt is stopped by a few centimetres of air has a small massIt is stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium has zero massIt is stopped by thick lead or concrete
![Page 13: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Penetrating powerPenetrating power has a high chargeIt is dangerous if swallowed
has a small chargeIt is dangerous at medium range has high energyIt is dangerous at distance
![Page 14: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Penetrating powerPenetrating power
![Page 15: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
N v Z graphsN v Z graphsA Graph of neutron number (N) against proton number (Z) helps to predict whether an isotope will emit or -
radiation
![Page 16: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
N v Z graphsN v Z graphsIsotopes in this region emit particles to become more stable.N decreases by 2Z decreases by 2
![Page 17: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
N v Z graphsN v Z graphsIsotopes in this region emit particles to become more stable.N decreases by 1Z increases by 1
![Page 18: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Decay laws - alphaDecay laws - alphaWhen an isotope emits an particle Its nucleon number decreases by 4 Its proton number decreases by 2For example:
![Page 19: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Decay laws – beta-minus
Decay laws – beta-minus
When an isotope emits a- particle Its nucleon number is unchanged Its proton number increases by 1For example:
![Page 20: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Decay laws – beta-plus
Decay laws – beta-plus
When an isotope emits a+ particle Its nucleon number is unchanged Its proton number decreases by 1For example:
![Page 21: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Decay lawsDecay lawsTry writing the nuclear equations for the decay of these isotopes
![Page 22: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Decay lawsDecay lawsAnswers
![Page 23: Alpha Beta Gamma](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061323/568153f7550346895dc1f816/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
AlphaBeta
Gamma
AlphaBeta
Gamma