Allergy & asthma

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Allergy & Asthma a slide show Dr Asha Pherwani Consultant PD Hinduja National Hospital

description

Allergies arise when immune system reacts to foreign body. The immune system produces substances known as antibodies that protect us from unwanted invaders which could make us sick or cause an infection. When one comes into contact with the allergen, the response of the immune system can inflame skin, sinuses, airways or digestive system. The severity of allergies varies from one person to another and can range from trivial irritation to a potentially life threatening emergency. While most allergies cannot be cured, a number of treatments can assist get rid of allergy symptoms

Transcript of Allergy & asthma

Page 1: Allergy & asthma

Allergy & Asthma a slide show

Dr Asha Pherwani

Consultant

PD Hinduja National Hospital

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Allergy – a multi-headed monster

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Up to the 19th century

Few cases of allergic cold

Increasing rapidly

More in the westernized countries

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Allergic diseases

• Disturbing to the patient

• Occassionally fatal

• Alarming facts * observation of new allergies

* nuts, soya, latex, gelatin and other

• What is allergy?

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When the body encountes an allergen

An allergen is a protein different from the body

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The body reacts

Favourable result ---immunity

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If the body over-reacts----harmful

allergy

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Serum IgE levels are high in allergies

IgE attaches itself to mast cells

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Atopic dermatitis

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The one airway theory

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Tell tale signs of allergy

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Rhinitis

Very common

AR in children

May predicit asthma

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Allergic cold

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Eye lid allergy

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Drug allergyDrug allerg: Isonex (SJ) / methotrexate

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Insulin allergy

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Pressure urticaria

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Contact dermatitis

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Nickel allergy

Nicke / copper allergy

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Insect allergy

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What does this slide project ?

House dust mite

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Pollen allergy

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pollens

Rage weedChrysanthemum

POLLENS

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Food Reactions

A diverse spectrum

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Food reactions

Immunological

IgE

Non-IgET cells, macrophages

Non-immunological

Drugsdose dependent

Enzyme deficiencies

Food poisoning- Toxic

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Prevalence of food allergy

• IgE mediated allergy

• 1-2.5% of adults

• 6-8% of children

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Systems not only restricted to GIT

• Gastrointestinal

• Respiratory

• Skin

• Cardiovascular

• General-Anaphylaxis

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• General• Itching, tingling,

swelling lips, mouth• Tongue & Throat

swelling• Angio-oedema

(swelling, puffiness)• Nausea• Vomiting• Diarrhoea• Abdominal pain,

cramps• Colic , reflux

RrespiratoryThroat tightnessWheezing, asthmaShortness of breathRepetitive coughingCyanosis- turning blue

Nasal congestion

Runny nose

Cough

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• Skin reactions

• Pruritus – itching

• Flushing

• Urticaria – rash

• Angio-oedema- tissue swelling

• Eczema/dermatitis• Itchy eyes and ears

• Hypotension

• Shock

• Syncope- fainting

• Arrhythmia

• Chest pain

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Most common allergenic foods• Milk

• Wheat

• Egg

• Soy

• Peanut

• Tree nuts

• Fish & shellfish

• Any foods can theoretically trigger allergies

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Cross-reactions may occur

• Wheat and other grains• Soy and other legumes• Cow’s milk & horse, sheep, goat’s milk• Different tree nuts• Nuts and peanuts• Pollen & some fruit• Latex and avocado, kiwi, chestnut, banana

• Otal allergy syndrome

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Anaphylaxis –food inducedFoods most commonly implicated

• Eggs• Wheat• Milk • Peanuts• Fish

• Shellfish

• Nuts

Celery

Seeds

Legumes

Guar gum

Rice

Many others

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pets

Pet allergy

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Exercise induced Anaphylaxis

• Anaphylaxis occurring after exercise, when certain foods are eaten prior or after exercising

• Common culprits: Wheat,cereals, celery, fruit,vegetables, shellfish

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• Watch out for: “may contain”• It only takes a minute grain to react• Nuts/egg/ sea food life time allergies• Cold. Ice• Food addtives & preservatives• Caffeined in foods, medication, tea,

coffee Coca-Cola, nausea and tremors.• Salicylates • Induce urticaria, asthma and nasal

polyps to develop• Curry powder, dried herbs, vegetable

and fruit skins, tea and almonds

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Food Intolerances

• Enzyme deficiencies• Food poisoning• Intestinal fermentation• Food aversions

• Pharmacological reactions- reactions to chemicals in foods or additives. Reactions are dose dependent and can be cumulative.

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Do the right thing

• Don’t just restrict your freedom of eating a wide variety of foods

• Do seek professional help to investigate the symptoms you have

• The cause may not always be what you think!

• Remember- it can take up to 36-48 hours for some reactions to develop – even longer in some conditions

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Hoarse voice - anaphylaxis

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Epipen (Inj adrenaline)

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FIRES IN THE GARBAGE

• 1. DECOMPOSING WASTE MATTER

• 2. MAN MADE

FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIAL

(30% OF GARBAGE IN CAIRO)

environment

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genes pregnancy

smoking viral infections in infancy

small baby

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The skin Prick test

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SPTs / patch tests

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Skin prick tests

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COLD URTICARIACold urticaria – 2 cases

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Deficiency of C1 estarse inhibiyor deficincy

Patients

Angioed

Neck swelling

Died of meningitis at 1ge 15-16 y

Life span 40-45 y

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2 causes

*Muslces

*inflammation

Asthma – hyper-reactive air ways

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Chronic wheeze

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SPTs

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IgE / AEC

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Growth in asthma

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No

Inhalers

Without

spacers

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Spacers

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A wiff of air

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Thank you