Allaah - His Introduction

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Towards Comprehensive Reflection on the Qur'aan

Lesson 1

Allaah His Introduction

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O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a tradamongst you, by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another, by

adopting unlawful means). Surely, Allaah is Most Merciful to you.

[Suuratun-Nisaa' 4:29]
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Table of Contents

TCRQ

DEDICATION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO LESSON 1

01 - HE IS ONE

02 - NOT ONE OUT OF THREE

03 - NOR ONE OUT OF TWO

04 - HE HAS NO CONSORT OR CHILDREN

05 - NO CHILDREN

06 - HE IS NOBODY'S SON

07 - HAS NO PARTNER

08 - THE FIRST, THE LAST

09 - THE FIRST AND THE LAST ARE HIS

10 - EVER LIVING/IMMORTAL/ETERNAL

11 - ALL WILL PERISH EXCEPT HIM

12 - HE WILL NOT DIE, EVER

13 - PRESENT EVERYWHERE (WITH HIS KNOWLEDGE)

14 - HIS NAMES ARE THE MOST EXCELLENT

15 - HE IS NEAR

16 - NEARER THAN THE JUGULAR VEIN (IN NECK)

17 - VISION CANNOT COMPREHEND HIM


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18 - CONCLUSION

19 - GUIDE TO ARABIC TRANSLITERATION IN THIS BOOK

20 - BIBLIOGRAPHY

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TCRQ

Towards Comprehensive Reflection on the Qur'aan

LESSON 1


Authored(Compiled, Arranged and Edited)

by:

Abuu Abdus-Salaam Abdulwasiu Baruwa.


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DEDICATION

Li Qawminy Yatafakkaruun.

For People Who Reflect

DEDICATED

To:

My Mother

Zeenat Nike Agbaje Baruwa

(Hafizahallaah)

For Bringing Me Up in Life and for Her Usual Supports for Mein Trying to Follow the Sunnah of Our Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam).

Oh Allaah! Increase Your Guidance, Forgiveness and Mercy on Abdulwasiu Baruwa's Mother, Aameen.

Also

To:

Dr. Syed Muhammad Osama, M.D.

For Authoring The Encyclopaedic Index of the Qur'aanUpon Which the Foundation of This Book Was Laid.


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The Qur'aan exists today in its entirety, exactly as it was at the time of Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu AlayhiWasallam). It was written down in sheets as it was preserved in the memories of people. When the Qur'aan wasrevealed to Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam), Allaah (Subhaanahu Wataaalaa) took the

responsibility of preserving it; not as the previous Scriptures.6

Allaah says:

Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quraan) and surely, We will guard it (from

corruption)

[Suuratul Hijir 15:9

This Verse is a challenge to mankind and everyone is obliged to believe in the miracles of this Qurn. It is a cleafact that more than 1400 years have elapsed and not a single word of this Qurn has been changed, although thedisbelievers tried their utmost to change it in every way, but they failed miserably in their efforts. As it ismentioned in this holy Verse: "We will guard it." By Allh! He has guarded it. On the contrary, all the other holyBooks [the Taurt (Torah), the Injeel (Gospel).] have been corrupted in the form of additions or subtractions or

alterations in the original text.7

There are lots of sciences associated with the Qur'aan which scholars have studied or got analyzed and composednumerous books about, such as the reasons of revelation, the connections between the Aayat, Tafseer, similarities,precise and allegorical Aayaat, Suurahs that were revealed in Makkah and those of Madeenah, weird words,rulings, recitations, Tajweed (Science of Qur'aan recitation), grammar and parsing, calligraphy, record, virtues,

examples, stories, abrogating and abrogated texts; miraculousness with all its types and so on.8 One example ofsuch great books on Qur'aanic sciences is the The Encyclopaedic Index of the Qur'aan by Dr. Syed MuhammadOsama, upon which this book (Towards Comprehensive Reflection on the Qur'aan) series are based.

According to the words of Dr. Syed Muhammad Osama in his introduction to The Encyclopaedic Index of theQur'aan when he said: Keeping in mind this limitation of an average reader, to understand the meaning of theQur'aan, comparatively easily, it often occurred that if verses of this Great Book dealing with one subject were all

put in one place in a particular sequence, this would make the understanding a lot easier. For example if all theverses about Jesus (Alayhis-Salaam) were arranged in one place, the reader would know what the Qur'aan saysabout him. Similarly, who is a believer (Mu'min) and what are his virtues according to the verses of the Qur'aan?How words like Al-Kitaab (The Book) or Al-Azeez (The Powerful) have been used, with what meaning and howmany times. It always occurred to me that this way the understanding of the Qur'aan could be somewhat easier, atleast, for the beginners.

Based on these words of Dr. Syed Muhammad Osama, it thus occurred to me also, what if brief commentaries ofeach of these verses or their parts covering similar subjects as contained in The Encyclopaedic Index of theQur'aan could be provided along with them? Allaah willing, it might greatly assist our Qur'aan understandingsmore. This made me felt a dire need for such a book which could provide brief commentaries of each of the Aaya

as contained in The Encyclopaedic Index of the Qur'aan. My desire to come up with such a book got increased,and thereby embark on my journey in making "Towards Comprehensive Reflection on the Qur'aan" seriesavailable, Inshaa Allaah, and I pray Allaah (Subhaanahu Wataaalaa) that it benefits us with essential informationin making us close to the Qur'aan with correct understandings. This work is majorly for us laymen (neither majorlfor the scholars nor the students of knowledge) who were trying to understand and live the Qur'aan correctly in oudaily lives through pondering the verses of Allaah (Subhaanahu Wataaalaa), as Allaah (Subhaanahu Wataaalaa)says:


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(This is) a Book (the Quraan) which We have sent down to you, full of blessings, that they may ponderover its Verses, and that men of understanding may remember.

[Suuratu Saad 38:29

With this verse in mind, it is hoped that this book benefits us because it is not easy to reflect on the verses of theQur'aan except after understanding them and some Aayaat (Verses) may not be easily understood except afterhaving knowledge of their Tafaasir (commentaries). Allaah (Subhaanahu Wataaalaa) says:

With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down unto you (OMuhammad - Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) the Dhikr [reminder and the advice (i.e. the Quraan)], that

you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought.

[Suuratun-Nahl 16:44

Scholars of Qur'aan commentaries have adopted a number of ways of giving the Tafseer (commentary) of theQur'aan. These scholars established that truly, the best way to Qur'aan commentaries is to explain the Qur'aan bythe Qur'aan itself because Qur'aan verses confirm and explain one another. Their second approach is to clarify itusing the Sunnah which is the best clarification for the Qur'aan. The third approach is to explain the Qur'aan with

the sayings of the Prophet's companions since they are the students of the Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam)to whom the Qur'aan was revealed while he was amongst them. The fourth approach is to explain it using thesayings of the followers who came after the Prophet's companions as they are essentially the most well-informedwith the sayings of the companions and were the very best generation after them. The Prophet (Sallallaahu AlayhWasallam) said:

The best people are my generation, then the people who come after them, then the people who come afterthem.

[Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim

Some commentators have included (in addition to the above four approaches) the correct and authentic scienceswhich they mastered in explaining the Qur'aan, and all of which are good.9 Trying to understand and reflect on thGlorious Qur'aan with these approaches and following the best of understandings is the solution to the manymisconceptions, misquotes, misunderstandings and misrepresentations that are tossed around in the media, news

and public discussions about Islaam and what it teaches.10

And whoever contradicts and opposes the Messenger (Muhammad - Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) afterthe right path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believers' way (the Prophet's

Companions' and their true Followers' understandings). We shall keep him in the path he has chosen, and

burn him in Hell - what an evil destination!

[Suuratun-Nisaa' 4:115

This is just a book of compilation, arrangement and editing from a number of scholarly sources. Actually, forbrevity purpose in the commentaries, I have relied majorly on the abridge, English translation of the "Tafseer AlQur'aan Al Azeem" of Ibn Katheer (Rahimahullaah) and the abridge, English translation of Tafheem Al-Qur'aanof Abuu A'laa Mawduudee (Rahimahullaah). Wherever further explanation is needed, I tried to consult othersources for further clarifications.

In the main body of the book, I have used the Saheeh International's Translation of the Meanings of the GloriousQur'aan (by Abul Qasim Publishing House - Riyaadh) while in the commentary part, I made use of the Translationof the Meanings of the Noble Quraan in the English Language by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilaali, Ph.D.


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and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, which is a kind of exegetic translation and/or The Holy Qur'aan, by the KingFahd Holy Qur'aan Printing Complex which is an updated version of the Abdullaah Y. Ali translation, revised anedited by a committee at The Presidency of Islamic Researches, IFTA, Call and Guidance, Madeenah, SaudiArabia.

It is not impossible that this work might contain some errors, as a result, I will be very grateful for any error beingpointed out. This is because, for whatever I might have rendered correct in this book, then it is from Allaah, andwhatever I might have rendered wrong, then it is from me and from the Shaytaan, and Allaah and His Messenger

have nothing to do with it. I therefore request the reader to notify me if he or she comes across any mistake in thiswork or has any other constructive advice that he or she wishes to give for the betterment of the book. Commentmay be e-mailed to me at [email protected] or [email protected]. Inthe end, absolute perfection belongs only to Allaah.

Oh Allaah! Forgive my errors and mistakes that might have occurred in this book. Oh Allaah! I beseech Your Helon my journey on this book. My Lord! Guide me and give me the knowledge and wisdom to understand themeanings of the verses of the Qur'aan. Oh Allaah! Accept this humble effort as an act of Ibaadah in the way of thQur'aan from a man of weak soul, without enough knowledge, but seeking Your Face for Wisdom, Forgiveness,Mercy and Paradise. Verily, You are the Mighty, the Wise.

Glorified be Allaah, and I praise Him. Glorified be You, Oh Allaah, and I praise You. I bear witness that none hasthe right to be worshipped except You, I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.

Abuu Abdus-Salaam,Abdulwaasi bin Abdur-Razzaaq Baruwa

Safar, 1433 A.H - January, 2012 C.E

---------------------------------

1. Kuram Murad - Way To The Qur'aan.2. Ibid.3. Ibid.4. qtafsir.com (Introduction)5. Dr. Syed Muhammad Osama - The Encyclopeadix Index of Qur'aan.6. Muhammad Khayr Ramadan Yusuf - The Clear Qur'anic Exegesis (Introduction)7. The Noble Qur'aan - Muhsin Khan8. Muhammad Khayr Ramadan Yusuf - The Clear Qur'anic Exegesis (Introduction)9. Ibid.

10. qtafsir.com (Introduction)


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INTRODUCTION TO LESSON 1

Bi 'idhnillaah (with Allaah's permission) the early lessons of this book will start with knowledge about Allaah(Subhaanahu Wataaalaa) . The name Allaah is the most beautiful of names, the truest combination of letters,and the most precious of words. Knowledge about Allaah is a must for everyone as Allaah commands:

So know (O Muhammad - Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) that, Laaa 'ilaaha 'illallaah (none has the right tbe worshipped but Allaah)...

[Suuratu Muhammad 47:19

It is highly essential to truly learn more about Allaah and act according to the correct knowledge about Him befora person could become good servant of Allaah and earns His Pleasure in this world and in the Hereafter.

This lesson one (Allaah - His Introduction) therefore deals with the following subtopics:

01 - HE IS ONE




05 - NO CHILDREN

06 - HE IS NOBODY'S SON

07 - HAS NO PARTNER

08 - THE FIRST, THE LAST

09 - THE FIRST AND THE LAST ARE HIS

10 - EVER LIVING/IMMORTAL/ETERNAL

11 - ALL WILL PERISH EXCEPT HIM

12 - HE WILL NOT DIE, EVER

13 - PRESENT EVERYWHERE (WITH HIS KNOWLEDGE)

14 - HIS NAMES ARE THE MOST EXCELLENT

15 - HE IS NEAR

16 - NEARER THAN THE JUGULAR VEIN (IN NECK)

17 - VISION CANNOT COMPREHEND HIM


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Each Aayah in the main body of this book was superscribed with number which when clicked takes the reader tothe commentaries part for further brief explanations. It is hoped that the reader learns from this lesson and thatAllaah help me to come up with lesson two as soon as possible, Bi 'idhnillaahi Taaalaa.

Glorified be Allaah, and I praise Him. Glorified be You, Oh Allaah, and I praise You. I bear witness that none hasthe right to be worshipped except You, I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.

Abuu Abdus-Salaam,Abdulwaasi bin Abdur-Razzaaq Baruwa

Safar, 1433 A.H - January, 2012 C.E


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1 - HE IS ONE

[1]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...'Innamallaahu 'ilaahunw Waahid...

Interpretation of the Meaning:

...Indeed, Allaah is but one God1...


[2]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Yaa Saahibayis-Sijni 'A-'arbaabum Mutafarriquuna khayrun 'amillaahul WaahidulQahhaar.


O [my] two companions of prison, are separate lords better or Allaah , the One, the

Prevailing?2

[Suuratu Yuusuf 12:39

[3]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Qulillaahu khaaliqu kulli shay-'inw-Wa Huwal Waahidul Qahhaar.


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...Say, Allaah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Prevailing. 3

[Suuratur-Rad 13:16

[4]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wabarazuu lillaahil Waahidil Qahhaar.


...and all creatures will come out before Allaah , the One, the Prevailing. 4

[Suuratu 'Ibraaheem 14:48

[5]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Waqaalallaahu laa tattakhidhuuu 'ilaahay-nith-nayn, 'Innamaa Huwa 'Ilaahunw Waahid...


And Allaah has said, Do not take for yourselves two deities. He is but one God5...


[6]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wa 'idhaa dhakar-ta Rabbaka fil-Qur'aani wah-dahuu wallaw alaaa 'ad-baarihim

nufuuraa.


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...And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur'aan, they turn back in aversion. 6

[Suuratul 'Israa' 17:46

[7]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Sub-haanahuu Huwallaahul Waahidul Qahhaar.


...Exalted is He; He is Allaah, the One, the Prevailing. 7

[Suuratuz-Zumar 39:4

[8]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa 'idhaa dhukirallaahu wahda-hush-ma 'azzat quluubulladheena laa yu'-minuuna

bil-'Aakhirah...


And when Allaah is mentioned alone, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafte

shrink with aversion 8...


[9]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Dhaalikumb Bi-'annahuuu 'idhaa duiyallaahu wah-dahuu kafar-tum...


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[They will be told], That is because, when Allaah was called upon alone, you

disbelieved;9...

[Suuratu Ghaafir 40:12

[10]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Limanil mulkul yawma lillaahil Waahidil Qahhaar.


...To whom belongs [all] sovereignty this Day? To Allaah, the One, the Prevailing.10


[11]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Falammaa ra'aw ba'-sanaa qaaluuu 'aamannaa billaahi wah-dah...


And when they saw Our punishment, they said, We believe in Allaah alone11...


[12]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wabadaa baynanaa wa baynakumul adaawatu wal-bagh-daaa-'u 'abadan hattaa tu'-

minuu billaahi wah-dah...


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... ...and there has appeared between us and you animosity and hatred forever until you

believe in Allaah alone 12...

[Suuratul Mumtahanah 60:4

[13]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Qul huwallaahu 'ahad.


Say, He is Allaah, [who is] One, 13

[Suuratul 'Ikhlaas 112:


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...'Innamallaahu 'ilaahunw Waahid...

1. ...For Allaah is (the only) One 'Ilaah (God)...[4:171]

... To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allaah is All-Sufficient as a Disposerof affairs.


He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth ... He created all things and He is the All-Knower of everythingSuch is Allaah, your Lord! Laaa 'ilaaha 'illaa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Creator of althings. So worship Him (Alone), and He is the Wakeel (Trustee, Disposer of affairs, Guardian, etc.) over allthings.

[Suuratul 'An-aam 6:101-102

No son (or offspring or children) did Allaah beget, nor is there any 'ilaah (god) along with Him; (if there had beemany gods), behold, each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried toovercome others! Glorified be Allaah above all that they attribute to Him!

[Suuratul Mu'minuun 23:91

Back to the Aayah/Aayaat [Verse(s)]

[Back to TO


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Yaa Saahibayis-Sijni 'A-'arbaabum Mutafarriquuna khayrun 'amillaahul Waahidul

Qahhaar.

2. O two companions of the prison! Are many different lords (gods) better or Allaah, the One, theIrresistible? [12:39]

You do not worship besides Him but only names which you have named (forged) - you and your fathers - forwhich Allaah has sent down no authority. The command (or the judgement) is for none but Allaah. He hascommanded that you worship none but Him (i.e. His Monotheism); that is the (true) straight religion, but most meknow not.

[Suuratu Yuusuf 12:40

These Aayaat are about Prophet Yuusuf (Joseph) (Alayhis-Salaam) when he went on calling his two prisoncompanions to worship Allaah alone, without partners, and to reject whatever is being worshipped instead of Himlike the idols, which were worshipped by the people of the two men, Yuusuf said,

[Are many different lords (gods) better or Allaah, the One, the Irresistible?] to Whose grace and infinitekingdom everything and everyone has submitted in humiliation. Prophet Yuusuf (Alayhis-Salaam) explained tothem next that it is because of their ignorance that they worship false deities and give them names, for these namewere forged and are being transferred from one generation to the next generation. They have no proof or authoritythat supports this practice, hence his statement to them,

[for which Allaah has sent down no authority] or proof and evidence. He then affirmed that the judgement,decision, will and kingdom are all for Allaah alone, and He has commanded all of His servants to worship none buHim. He said,

[that is the straight religion] this, Tawheed of Allaah and directing all acts of worship at Him alone in sincerity,that I am calling you to is the right, straight religion that Allaah has ordained and for which He has revealed whatHe wills of proofs and evidences,

[but most men know not], and this is why most of them are idolators,

[Tafseer Ibn Katheer


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This also teaches the right procedure that should be followed in presenting the message. Prophet Joseph (Peace beupon him) does not present, at the very start, the details of the creed and regulations of the faith but the mostfundamental thing that distinguishes a believer from a non-believer, that is, the distinction between Tawheed andshirk. Then he presents it in such a rational manner as cannot fail to convince any man of common sense. And hisargument must have impressed deeply on the minds of the two slaves. Which is better, various gods or One

Omnipotent Allaah? They knew it from their personal experience that it was much better to serve one master thannumber of them. Therefore it was far better to serve the Lord of the universe than His servants. Moreover, he doesnot invite them directly to accept his faith and discard their own faith, but he very wisely draws their attention tothis fact; This is Allaahs bounty upon us and upon all mankind that He has not made us the servants of any otherthan Himself, yet most of the people are not grateful to Him. Instead of serving Him alone, they invent gods forthemselves and worship them. Then it is also noteworthy that his criterion of the faith of his addressees is based owisdom and has no tinge of bitterness in it. He says: The gods whom you call, the god of wealth or the god ofhealth or the god of prosperity or the god of rain etc. are mere names you have given them without any realitybehind them. The real Owner of everything is the Supreme Allaah Whom you also acknowledge as the Creator anthe Lord of the whole universe. He has sent no authority and given no sanction to anyone for Godhead andworship, but has reserved all the powers, all the rights and all the authorities for Himself, and commanded, Serve

and worship none but Me.

[Tafheemul Qur'aan


[Back to TOC


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Qulillaahu khaaliqu kulli shay-'inw-Wa Huwal Waahidul Qahhaar.

3. ...Say: Allaah is the Creator of all things; He is the One, the Irresistible. [13:16]

The Arabic word Qahhaar literally means The one who rules over all by virtue of His own power, and keeps allunder His complete control. This fact that He is the One, the Prevailing follows naturally from the precedingfact that Allaah is the Creator of all things for this fact was also acknowledged by the mushriks and was neverdenied by them. This is so because the Creator of everything should logically be Unique, and every other thing orbeing must necessarily be His creation. Therefore nothing could be the equal of the Creator or partner in His Beinattributes, powers and rights. Likewise, the Creator must have complete power and control over His Creation. Forit can never be imagined that the Creator would create anything over which He has not full control. Therefore, theone who acknowledges Allaah to be the Creator must also acknowledge Him to be the Unique and the All-

Powerful. After this, there remains no reason why one should worship anyone other than the Creator or invokesomeone else for help in resolving his difficulties and fulfilling his needs.

[Tafheemul Qur'aan


[Back to TO


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wabarazuu lillaahil Waahidil Qahhaar.

4. ...and they (all creatures) will appear before Allaah, the One, the Irresistible.[14:48]

[and they will appear before Allaah], describing when the creatures will be resurrected before Allaah from theirgraves,

[the One, the Irresistible] Who has full power and control over all things and to Whom the necks and minds aresubservient.



[Back to TO


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Waqaalallaahu laa tattakhidhuuu 'ilaahay-nith-nayn, 'Innamaa Huwa 'Ilaahunw Waahid..

5. And Allaah said (O mankind!): Take not 'ilaahain (two gods in worship, etc.). Verily, He (Allaah) is(the) only One 'Ilaah (God)... [16:51]

[Take not 'ilaahain (two gods in worship, etc.). Verily, He (Allaah) is (the) only One 'Ilaah (God) ]

'Ilaah: He Who has all the right to be worshipped.

Allaah tells us that there is no god but He, and that no one else should be worshipped except Him, alone, withoutpartners, for He is the Sovereign, Creator, and Lord of all things.


Negation of two gods by itself negates the existence of more than two gods.

[Tafheemul Qur'aan


[Back to TO


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wa 'idhaa dhakar-ta Rabbaka fil-Qur'aani wah-dahuu wallaw alaaa 'ad-baarihim

nufuuraa.

6. ...And when you make mention of your Lord Alone [Laaa 'ilaaha 'illallaah (none has the right to be

worshipped but Allaah) Islaamic Monotheism)] in the Qur'aan, they turn on their backs, fleeing in extremedislike.[17:46]

[And when you make mention of your Lord Alone in the Qur'aan] means, when you declare Allaah to be Onein your recitation, and say Laaa 'ilaaha 'illallaah,

[they turn] means they turn away

[on their backs, fleeing in extreme dislike]. As Allaah says:

[And when Allaah Alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled with disgust(from the Oneness of Allaah).]


[And when you make mention of your Lord Alone in the Qur'aan]. Commenting on this Aayah, Qataadah saidthat when the Muslims said Laaa 'ilaaha 'illallaah, the idolators disliked this and found it intolerable. 'Iblees (Satanand his troops hated it, but Allaah insisted on supporting it so that it would prevail over those who opposed it.

Whoever uses it against his opponent will prevail, and whoever fights for it will be victorious.


[they turn on their backs, fleeing in extreme dislike]

That is, they do not like it at all that you should consider Allaah alone as your Lord and not mention the Lords thehave set up. They seem to think it strange that one should go on praising Allaah and never mention the miracles otheir elders and saints nor praise them for their favors. For, according to them, Allaah has delegated the powers of


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His Godhead to their great ones. Therefore, they say: What a strange fellow he is! He believes that the knowledgeof the unknown, and all the power and authority belong to One Allaah alone. Why does he not pay tribute to thosewho give us children, cure us of diseases, and help make our commerce flourish, in short, fulfill all our wishes anddesires.

[Tafheemul Qur'aan


[Back to TOC


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Sub-haanahuu Huwallaahul Waahidul Qahhaar.

7. ...But glory be to Him! (He is above such things). He is Allaah, the One, the Irresistible [39:4]

Had Allaah willed to take a son (or offspring), He could have chosen whom He willed out of those whom Hecreated. But glory be to Him! (He is above such things). He is Allaah, the One, the Irresistible.


[Had Allaah willed to take a son (or offspring), He could have chosen whom He willed out of those whom H

created] meaning, the matter would not have been as they claim. This is a conditional sentence which does notimply that this happened or that it is permitted; indeed, it is impossible. The aim is only to point out the ignoranceof their claims. It is like the Aayaat:

[Had We intended to take a pastime, We could surely have taken it from Us, if We were going to do (that).]

[Suuratul 'Anbiyaa' 21:17

[Say: If the Most Gracious had a son, then I am the first of worshippers.]

[Suuratuz-Zukhruf 43:81

All of these Aayaat are conditional, and it is permissible to form a conditional sentence referring to something thais impossible if it serves the purposes of the speaker.

[But glory be to Him! He is Allaah, the One, the Irresistible] means, exalted and sanctified be He above the idethat He could have any offspring, for He is the One, the Only, the Unique, the Self-Sufficient Master to Whomeverything is enslaved and is in need of. He is the One Who is independent of all else, Who has subjugated allthings and they submit humbly to Him. Blessed and exalted be He far above what the wrongdoers and deniers say



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[Had Allaah willed to take a son (or offspring), He could have chosen whom He willed out of those whom H

created]

That is, it is just impossible that Allaah should have begotten a son. The only possibility is that Allaah shouldchoose someone for Himself; and whomever He chooses will inevitably be from among the creatures, foreverything in the world, apart from Allaah, is His creation. Now, evidently, however exalted and chosen a creaturmight be, it cannot have the position of the offspring. For between the Creator and the created there exists a greatdisparity of nature and essence and character, and parenthood necessarily demands that there should be the unity onature and essence between a father and his offspring. Besides, one should also bear in mind the point that thewords: If Allaah had intended to take a son, He could have chosen from what He created themselves give themeaning that Allaah has never intended so. Here the object is to impress that not to speak of taking a son, Allaahhas never even intended so.

[Tafheemul Qur'aan

[But glory be to Him! (He is above such things). He is Allaah, the One, the Irresistible]

The following are the arguments by which the doctrine of parenthood has been refuted:

First, that Allaah is free from every defect and fault and weakness. Obviously, children are needed by the one whois defective and weak. The one who is mortal and stands in need of them, so that his progeny should continue tolive after him in the world. Likewise, he who adopts a son does so either because he feels the need of having anheir, being childless himself, or he adopts a son being overpowered by love of somebody. Attributing such humanweaknesses to Allaah and forming religious creeds on their basis is nothing but ignorance and shortsightedness.

The second argument is that Allaah in His essence and Being is unique. He is not a member of a species, whereasevidently, offspring must necessarily belong to a species. Furthermore, there can be no concept of offspring

without marriage, and marriage can take place only between homogeneous individuals. Therefore, the one whoproposes offspring for the Unique and Matchless Being like Allaah, is ignorant and foolish.

The third argument is that Allaah is Omnipotent, i.e. whatever is there in the world is subdued to Him and is held His powerful grasp. No one in this Universe has any resemblance with Him in any way or degree on account ofwhich it may be imagined that he has a relation with Allaah.

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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa 'idhaa dhukirallaahu wahda-hush-ma 'azzat quluubulladheena laa yu'-minuuna

bil-'Aakhirah...

8. And when Allaah Alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled with

disgust (from the Oneness of Allaah)...[39:45]

...and when those (whom they obey or worship) besides Him [like all false deities other than Allaah, - it may be aMessenger, an angel, a pious man, a jinni, or any other creature even idols, graves of religious people, saints,priests, monks and others] are mentioned, behold, they rejoice!


[And when Allaah Alone is mentioned] means, when it is said there is no (true) God except Allaah Alone,

[the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled with disgust] , Mujaahid said, Their hearts arefilled with disgust means they recoil in horror. This is like the Aayah:

[Truly, when it was said to them: Laaa 'ilaaha 'illallaah they puffed themselves up with pride]

[Suuratus-Saaffaat 37:35

which means, they were too proud to follow it. Their hearts could not accept anything good, and whoever cannot

accept good will accept evil.


[And when Allaah Alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled withdisgust (from the Oneness of Allaah)...]


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...and when those (whom they obey or worship) besides Him [like all false deities other than Allaah, - it may be aMessenger, an angel, a pious man, a jinni, or any other creature even idols, graves of religious people, saints,priests, monks and others] are mentioned, behold, they rejoice!

This evil is common to almost all polytheistic people of the world, and even some unfortunate Muslims also suffefrom it. They profess with the tongue that they believe in Allaah, but when One Allaah alone is mentioned beforethem, their faces arc distorted, and they say: This man certainly does not believe in the saints and holy men, that iswhy he talks of Allaah and Allaah alone. And if others besides Allaah are mentioned, they are delighted, and their

faces brighten up with joy. Their this attitude shows as to who is the actual object of their love and esteem. AllamaAlusi, in his commentary Ruh al-Maani, has related his own experience here. He says: One day I saw that a manwas invoking the help of a dead saint in his affliction. I said: O bondsman of Allaah, invoke Allaah, for He Himsesays: If My servants ask you, O Prophet, concerning Me, tell them I am quite near to them. I hear and answer theprayer of the supplicant when he calls to Me, (Suuratul Baqarah, Aayah 186), Hearing this, the man became angryThe people told me afterwards that he said: This man is a denier of the saints...

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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Dhaalikumb Bi-'annahuuu 'idhaa duiyallaahu wah-dahuu kafar-tum...

9. (It will be said): This is because, when Allaah Alone was invoked (in worship, etc.) you disbelieved(denied),... [40:12]

This will be given as a reason behind the response to the disbelievers in the Hell fire when they ask for a way to gout of the Hell. It would be made known to them that there is no way for them to go back to the world as theirnature will not accept the Truth and be governed by it; they would reject and ignore the Truth. Allaah says:

[(It will be said): This is because, when Allaah Alone was invoked (in worship), you disbelieved; but whenpartners were joined to Him, you believed!] meaning, 'if you were to go back, this is how you would be.' Thisis like the Aayah:

[But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. Andindeed they are liars]

[Suuratul 'An-aam 6:28



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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Limanil mulkul yawma lillaahil Waahidil Qahhaar.

10. ...Whose is the kingdom this Day? (Allaah Himself will reply to His Question): It is Allaah's, the One,the Irresistible![40:16]

[Whose is the kingdom this Day? It is Allaah's, the One, the Irresistible!] An Hadeeth of Ibn Umar, mayAllaah be pleased with him, made it known that on the Day of Resurrection, Allaah will roll up the heavens and thearth in His Hand and will say:

I am the King, I am the Compeller, I am the Proud, where are the kings of the earth? Where are the tyrants?Where are the proud?

In the Hadeeth about the Trumpet, it says that Allaah will take the souls of all of His creatures, and there will benone left but Him Alone, with no partner or associate. Then He will say, "Whose is the kingdom today''threetimes, and He will answer Himself by saying, It is Allaah's, the One, the Irresistible!meaning, He is the OnlyOne Who has subjugated all things.


[Whose is the kingdom this Day? It is Allaah's, the One, the Irresistible!]

That is, though in the world many vain and selfconceited people publicly proclaimed to be the kings andsovereigns, whose, in fact, is the Kingdom today? Who is the Owner of the powers and authority and Whose is thecommand? If a person hears these words in his right senses, he will be filled with terror, no matter how mighty aking or dictator he might be posing himself to be, and will immediately come to his senses. Here the mention of anhistorical event will not be out of place. When the Samanid ruler, Nasr bin Ahmad (301-331 A.H.), enteredNishapur, he held a court and after ascending the throne desired that the proceedings be started with recitation frothe Qur'aan. At this an elderly pious man came forward and recited this very section of this Suurah. When he camto this verse, Nasr was struck with awe; he descended the throne trembling, took off the crown and fell down inprostration, saying: O my Lord, Kingdom is Thine, not mine!


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Falammaa ra'aw ba'-sanaa qaaluuu 'aamannaa billaahi wah-dah...

11. So when they saw Our punishment, they said: We believe in Allaah Alone... [40:84]

......and reject (all) that we used to associate with Him as (His) partners.


Allaah tells us about the nations who rejected their Messengers in ancient times. He mentioned the severepunishment they suffered despite their great strength, He mentioned the traces which they left behind in the earthand the great wealth they amassed. None of that availed them anything and could not prevent the punishment ofAllaah at all. That is because when the Messengers came to them with clear signs and decisive evidence, they didnot pay any attention to them. Instead, they were content with the knowledge with them, or so they claimed, andthey said that they did not need what the Messengers brought them.

Mujaahid said, "They said, we know better than them, we will not be resurrected and we will not be punished.'' AsSuddi said, "In their ignorance, they rejoiced in what they had of (worldly) knowledge. So Allaah sent upon them punishment which they could not escape or resist.''

[So when they saw Our punishment] means, when they saw with their own eyes the punishment which cameupon them, they said,

[We believe in Allaah Alone and reject (all) that we used to associate with Him as (His) partners] means,they affirmed that Allaah is One and denied the false gods, but this was at the time when excuses were to no avail

This is like what Firawn said as he was drowning:

[I believe that none has the right to be worshipped but He in Whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am one othe Muslims]

[Suuratu Yuunus 10:90

But Allaah said:


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[Now (you believe) while you refused to believe before and you were one of the the corrupters.]


meaning, Allaah did not accept this from him, because He had answered the prayer of His Prophet Muusaa(Alayhis-Salaam), when he said,

[And harden their hearts, so that they will not believe until they see the painful torment]


Allaah says here:

[Then their Faith could not avail them when they saw Our punishment. (Like) this has been the way of Allaah indealing with His servants.]


means, this is the ruling of Allaah concerning all those who repent only when they actually see the punishment: H

does not accept that from them. It says in the Hadeeth:

Allaah will accept the repentance of His servant so long as the death rattle is not sounding in his throat.

Once the death rattle is sounding and the soul has reached the throat, and the dying person actually sees the angel(of death), then he can no longer repent. Allaah says:

[And there the disbelievers lost utterly]




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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wabadaa baynanaa wa baynakumul adaawatu wal-bagh-daaa-'u 'abadan hattaa tu'-

minuu billaahi wah-dah...

12. ......and there has started between us and you, hostility and hatred for ever, until you believe in Allaah

Alone...[60:4]

Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in 'Ibraaheem (Abraham) and those with him, when they saidto their people: Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allaah: we have rejected you, anthere has started between us and you, hostility and hatred for ever, until you believe in Allaah Alone...

[Suuratul Mumtahanah 60:4

Allaah does not forbid you to deal justly and kindly with those who fought not against you on account ofreligion... Verily, Allaah loves those who deal with equity. It is only as regards those who fought against you onaccount of religion,..., that Allaah forbids you to befriend them. And whosoever will befriend them, then such are

the Zaalimuun (wrong-doers - those who disobey Allaah).

[Suuratul Mumtahanah 60:8-9

Allaah the Exalted says to His faithful servants, whom He commanded to disown the disbelievers (who practiceoppressions as enemies towards belief in Allaah Alone), to be enemies with them, and to distant themselves andseparate from them:

[Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in 'Ibraaheem and those with him] meaning, hisfollowers who believed in him,

[when they said to their people: Verily we are free from you...] meaning, 'we disown you,'

[and whatever you worship besides Allaah: we rejected you,] meaning, 'we disbelieve in your religion and way

[and there has started between us and you, hostility and hatred forever] meaning, 'Animosity and enmity havappeared between us and you from now (because of your oppressions as enemies towards belief in Allaah Alone)and as long as you remain on your disbelief; we will always disown you and hate you,'


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[until you believe in Allaah alone,] meaning, 'unless, and until, you worship Allaah alone without partners anddisbelieve in the idols and rivals that you worship besides Him.'


[Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in 'Ibraaheem (Abraham) and those with him]

Abraham was tender-hearted, and loyal to his father and his people. He warned them against idolatry and sin, andprayed for his father, but when his father and his people became open enemies of Allaah, Abraham entirelydissociated himself from them, and left his home, his father, his people, and his country. Those with him were hisbelieving wife and nephew Lut and any other Believers that went into exile with him.

[when they said to their people: Verily we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allaah: we

rejected you, and there has started between us and you, (spiritual) hostility and (spiritual) hatred forever]

The enemies of Allaah are enemies of the righteous, and they hate the righteous. Therefore the righteous must cutthemselves off eternally from them, unless they repent and come back to Allaah. In that case they receive Allaah'smercy and are entitled to all the rights of love and brotherhood. This shows that our detestation is for evil, not formen as such so long as there is a chance for repentance. But we must give no chance to Evil for working evil onour Brotherhood at any time.

[Yusuf Al


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Qul huwallaahu 'ahad.

13. Say (O Muhammad - Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam): He is Allaah, (the) One. [112:1]

Imaam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Kab that the idolators said to the Prophet (Sallallaahu AlayhiWasallam), O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord. So Allaah revealed

[Say: He is Allaah, (the) One...]


[Say (O Muhammad - (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam): He is Allaah, (the) One...]

The first addressee of this command is the Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) himself for it was he who wasasked: Who is your Lord and what is He like. Again it was he who was commanded to answer the question in thefollowing words. But after him every believer is its addressee. He too should say what the Prophet (SallallaahuAlayhi Wasallam) had been commanded to say.

That is, my Lord to Whom you want to be introduced is none but Allaah. This is the first answer to the questions,

and it means: I have not introduced a new lord who I want you to worship beside all other gods, but it is the sameBeing you know by the name of Allaah. Allaah was not an unfamiliar word for the Arabs. They had been using thvery word for the Creator of the universe since the earliest times, and they did not apply this word to any of theirother gods. For the other gods they used the word 'ilaah. Then their beliefs about Allaah had become fully manifesat the time Abraha invaded Makkah. At that time there existed 360 idols of gods ('ilaahs) in and around the Kababut the polytheists forsaking all of them had invoked only Allaah for protection. In other words, they knew in theihearts that no 'ilaah could help them on that critical occasion except Allaah. The Kabah was also called Bait-Allaah by them and not Baitilaahs after their self-made gods. At many places in the Qur'aan the polytheisticArabian belief about Allaah has been expressed, thus:

In Suuratuz-Zukhruf [43], it has been said: If you ask them who created them, they will surely say, Allaah. [verse


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87].

In Suuratul `Ankabuut [29]: If you ask them, who has created the earth and the heavens and who has subjected themoon and the sun. They will surely say: Allaah. And if you ask them, who sent down rainwater from the sky andthereby raised the dead earth back to life. They will surely say: Allaah. [verses 61-63].

In Suuratul Mu'minuun [23]: Say to them, tell me, if you know, whose is the earth and all who dwell in it. Theywill say, Allaahs. Say to them: To whom do the seven heavens and the Glorious Throne belong. They will say: T

Allaah. Say to them: Tell me, if you know, whose is the sovereignty over everything. And who is that Being whogives protection while none else can give protection against Him. They will surely reply: This power belongs toAllaah. [verses 84-89].

In Suuratu Yuunus [10]: Ask them: Who provides for you from the heavens and the earth. Who has power over thfaculties of hearing and sight. Who brings forth the living from the dead and the dead from the living. Who directsthe system of the universe. They will surely reply: Allaah. [verse 31].

Again in Suuratu Yuunus [10] at another place: When you set sails in ships, rejoicing over a fair breeze, then all oa sudden a strong wind begins to rage against the passengers and waves begin to surge upon them from every sideand they realize that they have been encircled by the tempest. At that time they pray to Allaah with sincere faith,

saying: If you deliver us from this peril, we will become Your grateful servants. But when He delivers them, thesame people begin to rebel on the earth against the truth. [verses 22-23].

The same thing has been reiterated in Suuratul 'Israa' [17], thus: When a misfortune befalls you on the sea, all ofthose whom you invoke for help fail you but He (is there to help you), yet when He brings you safe to land, youturn away from Him. [verse 67].

Keeping these verses in view, let us consider that when the people asked: Who is your Lord and what is He like toWhom service and worship you call us. The answer given was Huwa Allaah: He is Allaah. This answer by itselfgives the meaning: My Lord is He whom you yourself acknowledge as your own as well as the whole worldsCreator, its Master, Sustainer and Administrator, and He whom you invoke for help at critical times beside all othdeities, and I invite you to His service alone. This answer comprehends all the perfect and excellent attributes ofAllaah. Therefore, it is not at all conceivable that the Creator of the universe, its Administrator and Disposer of itsaffairs, Sustainer of all the creatures living in it, and the Helper of the servants in times of hardship, would not beliving, hearing and seeing, that He would not be an All-Powerful, All-Knowing, All- Wise, All-Merciful and All-Kind Sovereign.

The scholars have explained the sentence Huwa-Allaahu Ahad syntactically, but in our opinion its explanationwhich perfectly corresponds to the context is that Huwa is the subject and Allaahu its predicate, and Ahad-un itssecond predicate. According to this parsing the sentence means: He (about Whom you are questioning me) isAllaah, is One and only one. Another meaning can also be, and according to language rules it is not wrong either:He is Allaah, the One.

Here, the first thing to be understood is the unusual use of Ahad in this sentence. Usually this word is either used ithe possessive case as yaum ul-Ahad (first day of the week), or to indicate total negative as Maa jaa 'anee Ahad-un(No one has come to me), or in common questions like Hal indaka ahadun (Is there anyone with you), or inconditional clauses like Injaa 'aka Ahad-un (If someone comes to you), or in counting as Ahad, ithnaan, Ahada'ashar (one, two, eleven). Apart from these uses, there is no precedent in the pre-Qur'aanic Arabic that the mereword Ahad might have been used as an adjective for a person or thing. After the revelation of the Qur'aan this worhas been used only for the Being of Allaah, and for no one else. This extraordinary use by itself shows that beingsingle, unique and matchless is a fundamental attribute of Allaah; no one else in the world is qualified with thisquality: He is One, He has no equal.

Then, keeping in view the questions that the polytheists and the followers of earlier scriptures asked the Prophet


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(Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) about his Lord, let us see how they were answered with Ahad-un after Huwa-Allaah.

First, it means: He alone is the Sustainer: no one else has any share or part in providence and since He alone can bthe 'ilaah (Deity) Who is Master and Sustainer, therefore, no one else is His associate in Divinity either.

Secondly, it also means He alone is the Creator of the universe: no one else is His associate in this work ofcreation. He alone is the Master of the universe, the Disposer and Administrator of its system, the Sustainer of His

creatures, Helper and Rescuer in times of hardship; no one else has any share or part whatever in the works ofGodhead, which as you yourselves acknowledge, are works of Allaah.

Thirdly, since they had also asked the questions: Of what is your Lord made? What is His ancestry? What is hissex? From whom has He inherited the world and who will inherit it after Him? All these questions have beenanswered with one word Ahad for Allaah. It means:

(1) He alone has been, and will be, God forever; neither was there a God before Him, nor will there be any afterHim.

(2) There is no race of gods to which He may belong as a member: He is God, One and Single, and none is

homogeneous with Him.

(3) His being is not merely One (waahid but Ahad, in which there is no tinge of plurality in any way:

He is not a compound being, which may be analyzable or divisible, which may have a form and shape, which maybe residing somewhere, or may contain or include something, which may have a color, which may have somelimbs, which may have a direction, and which may be variable or changeable in any way. Free from every kind ofplurality, He alone is a Being who is Ahad in every aspect. (Here, one should fully understand that the wordwaahid is used in Arabic just like the word one in English. A collection consisting of great pluralities is collectivecalled waahid or one, as one man, one nation, one country, one world, even one universe, and every separate partof a collection is also called one. But the word Ahad is not used for anyone except Allaah. That is why wherever i

the Qur'aan the word waahid has been used for Allaah, He has been called 'ilaahunw Waahid (one Deity), orAllaahul Waahidul Qahhaar (One Allaah Who is Omnipotent), and nowhere just waahid, for this word is also usedfor the things which contain pluralities of different kinds in their being. On the contrary, for Allaah and only forAllaah the word Ahad has been used absolutely, for He alone is the Being Who exists without any plurality in anyway, Whose Oneness is perfect in every way.

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[1]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Laqad kafaralladheena qaaluuu 'innallaaha thaalithu thalaathah, wa maa min 'ilaahin

'illaaa 'ilaahunw Waahid...


They have certainly disbelieved who say, Allaah is the third of three. And there is no god

except one God14...

[Suuratul Maa-'idah 5:7


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Laqad kafaralladheena qaaluuu 'innallaaha thaalithu thalaathah, wa maa min 'ilaahin

'illaaa 'ilaahunw Waahid...

14. Surely, disbelievers are those who said: Allaah is the third of the three (in a Trinity). But there is no'Ilaah (god) (none who has the right to be worshipped) but One 'Ilaah (God Allaah)... [5:73]

[Surely, disbelievers are those who said: Allaah is the third of three.] Mujaahid and several others said thatthis Aayah was revealed about the Christians in particular. As-Suddi and others said that this Aayah was revealed

about taking Eesaa and his mother as gods besides Allaah, thus making Allaah the third in a trinity. As-Suddi saiThis is similar to Allaah's statement towards the end of the Suurah,

[And (remember) when Allaah will say (on the Day of Resurrection): O Eesaa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary)!Did you say unto men: 'Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allaah?' He will say, Glory be toYou!...]

[Suuratul Maa-'idah 5:116

Allaah replied,

[But there is no god but One God.] meaning there are not many worthy of worship but there is only One Godwithout partners, and He is the Lord of all creation and all that exists.



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[1]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaalallaahu laa tattakhidhuuu 'ilaahay-nith-nayn, 'Innamaa huwa 'Ilaahunw Waahid,

Fa'iyyaaya farhabuun.


And Allaah has said, Do not take for yourselves two deities. He is but one God, so fearonly Me. 15

[Suuratun-Nahl 16:5


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaalallaahu laa tattakhidhuuu 'ilaahay-nith-nayn, 'Innamaa huwa 'Ilaahunw Waahid,

Fa'iyyaaya farhabuun.

15. And Allaah said (O mankind!): Take not 'ilaahain (two gods in worship, etc.). Verily, He (Allaah) is

(the) only One 'Ilaah (God). Then, fear Me (Allaah - Jalla Jalaalah) much [and Me (Alone), i.e. be awayfrom all kinds of sins and evil deeds that Allaah has forbidden and do all that Allaah has ordained and

worship none but Allaah] [16:51]

Negation of two gods by itself negates the existence of more than two gods.

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[1]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...'Annaa yakuunu lahuu waladunw-Wa lam takul-Lahuu saahibah...


...How could He have a son when He does not have a companion 16...


[2]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa 'annahuu taaalaa jaddu Rabbinaa mattakhadha Saahibatanw-Wa laa waladaa.


And [it teaches] that exalted is the nobleness of our Lord; He has not taken a wife or a

son 17

[Suuratul Jinn 72:


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...'Annaa yakuunu lahuu waladunw-Wa lam takul-Lahuu saahibah...

16. ...How can He have a child when He has no wife?...[6:101]

He is the Badee (Originator) of the heavens and the earth. How can He have a child when He has no wife? Hecreated all things and He is the All-Knower of everything.


[He is the Badee of the heavens and the earth.] meaning He originated, created, invented and brought them intexistence without precedence, as Mujaahid and As-Suddi said. This is why the word for innovation - Bidah -comes from it, because it is something that did not have a precedence.

[How can He have a child when He has no wife?] for the child is the offspring of two compatible spouses. Allaadoes not have an equal, none of His creatures are similar to Him, for He alone created the entire creation. Allaahsays;

[And they say: The Most Beneficent (Allaah) has begotten a son. Indeed you have brought forth (said) a terribleevil thing.]

[Suuratu Maryam 19:88-89

[He created all things and He is the All-Knower of everything.] He has created everything and He is All-Knower of all things. How can He have a wife from His creation who is suitable for His majesty, when there isnone like Him? How can He have a child then? Verily, Allaah is Glorified above having a son.



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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa 'annahuu taaalaa jaddu Rabbinaa mattakhadha Saahibatanw-Wa laa waladaa.

17. And He, exalted be the Majesty of our Lord, has taken neither a wife nor a son (or offspring orchildren) [72:3]

Allaah commands His Messenger to inform people that a group of Jinn listened to the Qur'aan, believed in it,affirmed its truthfulness and adhered to it. Allaah mentions the sayings of the Jinns when they said:

[And He, exalted be the Jadd of our Lord, has taken neither a wife nor a son.]

[And He, exalted be the Jadd of our Lord,] Aliyy bin Abee Talhah reported from 'Ibn Abbaas that he saidconcerning Allaah's statement,[the Jadd of our Lord]

This means, His actions, His commands and His power.Ad-Dahhak reported from Ibn Abbaas that he said,Allaah's Jadd is His blessings, His power and His favor upon His creation.It has been reported from Mujaahid and Ikrimah that they said,It (Jadd) is the magnificence of our Lord.Qataadah said,Exalted is His magnificence, His greatness and His command.As-Suddi said,Exalted is the command of our Lord.It has been reported from Abuu Ad-Dardaa', Mujaahid and Ibn Jurayj that they said,Exalted is His remembrance (Dhikr).

[He has taken neither a wife nor a son.] meaning, far exalted is He above taking a mate and having children. Thmeans that when the jinns accepted Islaam and believed in the Qur'aan, they professed Allaah's magnificenceabove having taken a spouse and a child (or a son).

[Tafseer Ibn Kathee


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[He has taken neither a wife nor a son.]

From this we know two things:

(1) That these jinn were either from among the Christian jinn, or they were followers of a different religion inwhich Allaah was regarded as having children and families.

(2) That at that time the Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) was reciting some such part of the Qur'aan hearinwhich they realized the error of their creed and knew that it was sheer ignorance and impudence to ascribe wife anchildren to the High and Exalted Being of Allaah.

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5 - NO CHILDREN

[1]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wa qaaluttakhadhallaahu waladan subhaanah...


They say, Allaah has taken a son. Exalted is He! 18...

[Suuratul Baqarah 2:116

[2]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaalatil yahuudu uzayrunub-nullaahi wa qaalatin-Nasaaral-maseehub-nullaah,

Dhaalika qawluhumb-Bi 'afwaahihim...


The Jews say, Ezra is the son of Allaah; and the Christians say, The Messiah is the son

of Allaah. That is their statement from their mouths; 19...

[Suuratut-Tawbah 9:30

[3]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Qaaluttakhadhallaahu waladan Subhaanah, Huwal-Ghaniyy...


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They have said, Allaah has taken a son. Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need20...


[4]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa yajaluuna lillaahil banaati subhaanah...


And they attribute to Allaah daughters - exalted is He 21...


[5]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Waqulil hamdu lillaahil-Ladhee lam yattakhidh waladaa...


And say, Praise to Allaah, who has not taken a son22...

[Suuratul 'Israa' 17:111

[6]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa yun dhiral-Ladheena qaaluttakhadhallaahu waladaa. Maa lahumb-Bihee min ilminw-

Wa laa li 'aabaaa 'ihim, kaburat kalimatan takhruju min 'afwaahihim, 'iny-Yaquuluuna


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'illaa kadhibaa.


And to warn those who say, Allaah has taken a son. They have no knowledge of it, nor

had their fathers. Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a

lie.23

[Suuratul Kahf 18:4-5

[7]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Maa kaana lillaahi 'ay-Yattakhidha minw-Waladin Sub-haanah...


It is not [befitting] for Allaah to take a son; exalted is He! 24...

[Suuratu Maryam 19:35

[8]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaaluttakhadhar-Rahmaanu waladaa. Laqad ji'tum Shay-'an 'iddaa.


And they say, The Most Merciful has taken [for Himself] a son. You have done an

atrocious thing.25


[9]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

'An daaw lir-Rahmaani waladaa. Wa maa yanmbaghee lir-Rahmaani 'ay-Yattakhidha

waladaa.


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That they attribute to the Most Merciful a son. And it is not appropriate for the Most

Merciful that He should take a son. 26


[10]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaaluttakhadhar-Rahmaanu waladan subhaanah...


And they say, The Most Merciful has taken a son. Exalted is He! 27...

[Suuratul 'Anbiyaa' 21:26

[11]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Mattakhadhallaahu minw-Walad...


Allaah has not taken any son, 28...

[Suuratul Mu'minuun 23:91

[12]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Al-Ladhee lahuu mulkus-Samaawaati wal 'ardi wa lam yattakhidh waladaa...


He to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and who has not taken a son

29...


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[Suuratul Furqaan 25:2

[13]Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Lam yalid wa lam yuulad.


He neither begets nor is born,30

[Suuratul 'Ikhlaas 112:


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

...Wa qaaluttakhadhallaahu waladan subhaanah...

18. And they (Jews, Christians and pagans) say: Allaah has begotten a son (children or offspring). Glorybe to Him (Exalted be He above all that they associate with Him)...[2:116]

... Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth, and all surrender with obedience (in worship) toHim.

[Suuratul Baqarah 2:116

This Aayah refutes the Christians and their like among the Jews and the Arab idolators, who claimed that theangels are Allaah's daughters. Allaah refuted all of them in their claim that He had begotten a son. Allaah says,

[Glory is to Him.] meaning, He is holier and more perfect than such claim;

[Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth,] meaning, the truth is not as the disbelieversclaimed, rather, Allaah's is the kingdom of the heavens and earth and whatever and whoever is in, on and betweenthem. Allaah is the Supreme Authority in the heavens and earth, and He is the Creator, Provider and Sustainer Whdecides all the affairs of the creation as He wills. All creatures are Allaah's servants and are owned by Him.Therefore, how could one of them be His son? The son of any being is born out of two comparable beings. Allaahhas no equal or rival sharing His grace and greatness, so how can He have a son when He has no wife? Allaah say

[He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have a child when He has no wife? He created all

things and He is the Knower of everything]


[And they say: The Most Gracious (Allaah) has begotten a son (offspring or children). Indeed you have broughtforth (said) a terrible evil thing. Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and themountains fall in ruins. That they ascribe a son (or offspring or children) to the Most Gracious (Allaah). But it isnot suitable for (the majesty of) the Most Gracious (Allaah) that He should beget a son (or offspring or children).There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Gracious (Allaah) as a servant. Verily, Heknows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting. And everyone of them will come to Him alone onthe Day of Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender)]


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and,

[Say: He is Allaah (the) One, Allaah the Samad (the Self- Sufficent, upon whom all depend), He begets not, norwas He begotten, and there is none co-equal or comparable to Him.]

[Suuratul 'Ikhlaas 112:1-4

In these Aayaat, Allaah stated that He is the Supreme Master Whom there is no equal or rival, everything andeveryone was created by Him, so how can He have a son from among them?

In the Tafseer of this Aayah [2:116], Al-Bukhaaree recorded that Ibn Abbaas said that the Prophet (SallallaahuAlayhi Wasallam) said,

Allaah said, 'The son of Adam has denied Me, and that is not his right. He has insulted Me, and that is not hiright. As for the denial of Me, he claimed that I am unable to bring him back as he used to be (resurrect him).

As for his insulting Me, he claimed that I have a son. All praise is due to Me, it is unbefitting that I should hav

a wife or a son.'

[Al-Bukhaaree

It is recorded in the Two Saheehs that Allaah's Messenger (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) said:

No one is more patient when hearing an insult than Allaah. They attribute a son to Him, yet He still gives themsustenance and health....



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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaalatil yahuudu uzayrunub-nullaahi wa qaalatin-Nasaaral-maseehub-nullaah,

Dhaalika qawluhumb-Bi 'afwaahihim...

19. And the Jews say: Uzair (Ezra) is the son of Allaah, and the Christians say: Messiah is the son ofAllaah. That is their saying with their mouths,...[9:30]

...resembling the saying of those who disbelieved aforetime. Allaahs Curse be on them, how they are deludedaway from the truth!

[Suuratut-Tawbah 9:30

Allaah the Exalted encourages the believers to strive (guide people) against the wrong believes of the polytheists,disbelieving Jews and Christians, who uttered this terrible statement and utter lies against Allaah, the Exalted. Asfor the Jews, they claimed that Uzayr was the son of God, Allaah is free of what they attribute to Him. As for themisguidance of Christians over Eesaa, it is obvious. This is why Allaah declared both groups to be liars,

[That is their saying with their mouths], but they have no proof that supports their claim, other than lies andfabrications.


Uzair (Ezra) lived during the period around 450 B.C. The Jews regarded him with great reverence as the revivalisof their Scriptures which had been lost during their captivity in Babylon after the death of Prophet Solomon(Alayhis-Salaam). So much so that they had lost all the knowledge of their law, their traditions and of Hebrew,their national language. Then it was Ezra who re-wrote the Old Testament and revived the law. That is why theyused very exaggerated language in his reverence which misled some of the Jewish sects to make him the son of


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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Qaaluttakhadhallaahu waladan Subhaanah, Huwal-Ghaniyy...

20. They (Jews, Christians and pagans) say: Allaah has begotten a son (children). Glory is to Him! He isRich (Free of all needs)...[10:68]

Allaah criticizes those who claim that He has,[...begotten a son.]

[Glory is to Him! He is Rich (Free of all needs).] He is Greater than that and above it. He is Self-Sufficient, freeof want or need of anything. Everything else is in desperate need of Him,


[They say: Allaah has taken (or begotten) a son.]

In the preceding passage people were taken to task for founding false religions on mere surmise and guesswork. Inthis passage the Christians and others, who believe that God has begotten a son, have been taken to task for thisblasphemy which has no authority other than mere presumption.

[Glory is to Him!]

The Arabic phrase Subhaanallaah is used to express astonishment at something apparently inexplicable. But itsliteral meaning is, Allaah is All-Pure, and is absolutely free from any defect, blemish and flaw. Here it implies botthese things. It expresses astonishment at their blasphemy that Allaah has taken a son to Himself, and also refutesit, saying, Allaah, being perfect in every way, does not stand in need of a son.

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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa yajaluuna lillaahil banaati subhaanah...

21. And they assign daughters unto Allaah! - Glorified (and Exalted) is He above all that they associatewith Him!...[16:57]

Allaah tells us about some of the heinous deeds of those who used to perform baseless worship of other godsbesides Him, such as idols and statues, with no grounds for doing so. They gave their idols a share of that whichAllaah had provided for them,

[They say: This is for Allaah, according to their claim, and this is for our partners. But the share of theirpartners is not directed to Allaah, while the share of Allaah is directed to their partners! How evil is that withwhich they judge]


That is they assigned a share for their idols as well as Allaah, but they gave preference to their gods over Him, soAllaah swore by His Almighty Self to question them about these lies and fabrications. He will most certainly callthem to account for it and give them the unrelenting punishment in the fire of Hell. So He says,

[By Allaah, you shall certainly be questioned about (all) that you used to fabricate.]


Then Allaah tells us how they used to regard the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, as being female,and that they considered them to be Allaah's daughters, and they worshipped them with Him. In all of the above,they made very serious errors. They attributed offspring to Him when He has no offspring, then they assigned Himthe kind of offspring they regarded as inferior, namely daughters, which they did not even want for themselves, asHe said:

[Are the males for you and the females for Him? That is indeed an unfair division!]

[Suuratun-Najm 53: 21-22

And Allaah says here:

[And they assign daughters unto Allaah! Glorified (and Exalted) is He.] meaning, above their claims andfabrications.


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[But no! It is from their falsehood that they say: Allaah has begotten. They are certainly liars! Has He (then)chosen daughters rather than sons? What is the matter with you? How do you decide?]

[Suuratus-Saaffaat 37:151-154



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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Waqulil hamdu lillaahil-Ladhee lam yattakhidh waladaa...

22. And say: All the praises and thanks be to Allaah, Who has not begotten a son (or offspring),... [17:111]

Ibn Jareer recorded that Al-Qurazi used to say about this Aayah,

[And say: All the praises and thanks be to Allaah, Who has not begotten a son...] that the Jews andChristians said that Allaah has taken a son; the Arabs said, At Your service, You have no partner except thepartner You have, and You possess him and whatever he owns; and the Sabians and Magians said, If it were nofor the supporters of Allaah, He would be weak. Then Allaah revealed this Aayah :

[And say: All the praises and thanks be to Allaah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in

(His) dominion, nor is He low to have a supporter. And magnify Him with all magnificence.]

[And say: All the praises and thanks be to Allaah, Who has not begotten a son...] because Allaah has statedthat the Most Beautiful Names belong to Him, and has declared Himself to be above having any faults or defects.

[And say: All the praises and thanks be to Allaah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in

(His) dominion...] indeed, He is Allaah, (the) One, the Self-Sufficient Master, Who begets not, nor was Hebegotten, and there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him.

[nor is He low to have a supporter.] means, He is not so humble or weak that He needs to have a helper orsupporter or adviser, rather He Alone, with no partner or associate, may He be exalted, is the Creator of all thingsand is the One Who is running and controlling them by His will, with no partner or associate.

[nor is He low to have a supporter.] Mujaahid said: He does not form an alliance with anyone, nor does He seekthe support or help of anyone.

[And magnify Him with all magnificence.] means, glorify and extol Him far above whatever the transgressorsand aggressors say.



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[nor is He low to have a supporter.] A subtle sarcasm is implied in the sentence. The mushriks believed thatAllaah had appointed assistants and deputies for the administration of His kingdom. Obviously this meant thatAllaah was helpless and powerless to carry out the administration of His kingdom. Therefore, He neededsupporters to help Him in the work of His Godhead. This sentence negates their false creeds, saying: He does notstand in need of any gods and saints in order to delegate to them the different departments of His Godhead or mak

them governors in different parts of His kingdom.

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[Those who say] includes the Christians, the Jews and the mushrik Arabs who assigned offspring to Allaah.

[Dreadful is the word] That one is the son of God, or Allaah has adopted that one as a son. This has beendeclared to be dreadful because it was not based on any knowledge that Allaah has a son or has adopted a son.They had merely exaggerated their love for someone and invented such a relationship. And they do not realize thait is a dreadful blasphemy, impudence and fabrication that they are uttering in regards to Allaah, the Lord of theworlds.

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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Maa kaana lillaahi 'ay-Yattakhidha minw-Waladin Sub-haanah...

24. It befits not (the Majesty of) Allaah that He should beget a son [this refers to the slander of Christiansagainst Allaah, by saying that 'Eesaa (Jesus) is the son of Allaah]. Glorified (and Exalted) be He (above all

that they associate with Him)...[19:35]

When Allaah mentioned that He created Prophet 'Eesaa (Jesus - Peace be upon him) as a servant and a Prophet, Hextolled Himself, the Most Holy, by saying,

[It befits not (the majesty of) Allaah that He should beget a son. Glorified be He.] means glory be unto Him,He is far exalted above that which these ignorant, wrongdoing, transgressing people say about Him.


In Aayaat 1-35, it has been shown that the Doctrine of the son of God in regard to Prophet Jesus is absolutelywrong. For just as the miraculous birth of Prophet John did not make him the son of God, so the miraculous birthof Prophet Jesus could not make him the son of God. For the births of both were the result of the same sort ofmiracle as they have been mentioned together in the same context in the Gospel of Luke. Therefore, it is meredistortion that the Christians should regard one as the servant of God and the other as the son of God.

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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

Wa qaaluttakhadhar-Rahmaanu waladaa. Laqad ji'tum Shay-'an 'iddaa.

25. And they say: The Most Beneficent (Allaah) has begotten a son (or offspring or children) [as the Jewssay: Uzair (Ezra) is the son of Allaah, and the Christians say that He has begotten a son [Eesa (Christ)],

and the pagan Arabs say that He has begotten daughters (angels, etc.)]. Indeed you have brought forth

(said) a terrible evil thing[19:88-89]

Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins,


After Allaah affirms in this noble Suurah that Eesa was a worshipper and servant of Allaah and He mentioned hisbirth from Maryam without a father, He then begins refuting those who claim that He has a son. Holy is He and faExalted is He above such description. Allaah says,

[And they say: The Most Gracious has begotten a son. Indeed you have brought forth] This means, In thistatement of yours,

[a thing 'Iddan.] Ibn Abbaas, Mujaahid, Qataadah and Malik all said, Terrible. It has been said that it ispronounced 'Iddan, 'Addan, and 'Addan with elongation on the first vowel. All three of these pronunciations areknown, but the most popular is the first.

[Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains Haddaa.]


that is, out of their high esteem for Allaah, when they hear this statement of wickedness coming from the Childrenof Aadam. The reason for this is that these are creatures of Allaah and they are established upon His Tawheed andthe fact that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. He has no partners, no peer, no child, no mate and noco-equal. Rather, He is the One, Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures are in need of. Ibn Jareer reported thaIbn Abbaas said concerning Allaah's statement,

[Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains Hadda.]


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Verily, the heavens, the earth, the mountains and all creatures -- except for humans and Jinns -- are frightened bythe associating of partners with Allaah. Creation will almost cease existing before the association of partners withAllaah, due to His Greatness. Just as the idolator does not benefit by his good deeds because of associating partnewith Allaah, we hope that Allaah would forgive the sins of those who believed in His absolute Oneness byworshipping Him alone. Allaah's Messenger (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) said,

Encourage your dying people to testify to Laaa 'ilaaha 'illAllaah, for whoever says it at the time of their deaththey will definitely enter into Paradise.

The people said, O Messenger of Allaah, what about he who says it while in good health? He replied,

This will necessitate his entrance into Paradise even more.Then he (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) said,

I swear by He Whom my soul is in His Hand, if the heavens and the earths, and all that is in them, betweenthem and under them, were brought and placed in a balance of a scale, and the testimony of Laaa 'ilaaha

'illallaah was placed on the other side of the scale, the testimony would outweigh all of it.

Ad-Dahhak said,

[Whereby the heavens are almost torn,] This means to be split apart into pieces due to the fear of the magnificencof Allaah.

Abdur-Rahmaan bin Zayd bin Aslam said,

[and the earth is split asunder,] This is due to its anger on behalf of Allaah, the Mighty and Sublime.

[and the mountains Haddan.] Ibn Abbaas said, This means to be torn down.

Saeed bin Jubayr said, Haddan means some of it is broken by other parts of it in succession.

Imaam Ahmad reported from Abuu Muusaa that he said that Allaah's Messenger (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam)said,

There is no one more patient than Allaah concerning something harmful that he hears. For verily, partnersare associated with Him and a son is ascribed to Him, while He is the One Who gives them good health, protec

them and sustains them.

This narration is also recorded in the Two Saheehs.



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Arabic Text:

Transliteration:

'An daaw lir-Rahmaani waladaa. Wa maa yanmbaghee lir-Rahmaani 'ay-Yattakhidha

waladaa.

26. That they ascribe a son (or offspring or children) to the Most Beneficent (Allaah). But it is not suitablefor (the Majesty of) the Most Beneficent (Allaah) that He should beget a son (or offspring or children).

[19:91-92]

There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Gracious (Allaah) as a slave. Verily He knoweach one of them, and has counted them a full counting. And everyone of them will come to Him alone on the Dayof Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender).


Imaam Ahmad reported from Abuu Muusaa that he said that Allaah's Messenger (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam)said,

There is no one more patient than Allaah concerning something harmful that he hears. For verily, partnersare associated with Him and a son is ascribed to Him, while He is the One Who gives them good health, protec

them and sustains them.

This narration is also recorded in the Two Saheehs. In one wording of it he said,

...that they attribute a son to Him, while He is the One Who sustains them and gives them good health.

Allaah says;

[But it is not suitable for the Most Gracious that He should beget a son.] Meaning that it is not befitting ofHim, nor is it appropriate for His lof

Allaah - His Introduction

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