All-Hand Meeting Dec 2, 2011 T ERRESTRIAL G ROUP P ROGRESS.
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Transcript of All-Hand Meeting Dec 2, 2011 T ERRESTRIAL G ROUP P ROGRESS.
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All-Hand MeetingDec 2, 2011
TERRESTRIAL GROUP PROGRESS
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WORKING GROUP IB: TERRESTRIAL
Terrestrial Team*Jennifer Adam, WSUSarah Anderson, WSUJanet Choate, UCSBDave Evans, WSUJohn Harrison, WSUMingliang Liu, WSUKeyvan Malek, WSUJustin Poinsatte, WSUKirti Rajagopalan, WSUJulian Reyes, WSUClaudio Stöckle, WSUChristina Tague, UCSBJun Zhu, UCSB
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MODELS IN BIOEARTH-LAND
VIC: large-scale physical hydrology
CropSyst: point-scale cropping systems
RHESSys: watershed-scale ecohydrology
Streamflow routing
ColSim: Reservoirs and Water Management
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• VIC grids converted from latitude/longitude boxes to watershed boundaries (see right)
•RHESSys will run at a finer resolution (for each “patch”) within each VIC grid, handling all hydrology
•RHESSys patches resolution will be finer within riparian areas and coarser in upland areas; these scales are one of our research questions
•Patches will be sub-divided statistically to increase computational efficiency (i.e., the patches can be bigger)
•RHESSys will route flow within the VIC grid; a separate routing algorithm will be used to route flow contributed from the VIC grids
PROGRESS TOWARDS VIC/RHESSYS INTEGRATION
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1) 3-arc (about 90 meters) resolution DEM data over the Pacific North West; delineation of watershed boundaries with different size/levels;
2) 1-km resolution aggregated CDL 2010 (Cropland Data Layer) data sets, each grid has fractional area of different crop types and natural vegetations;
3) Generated metdata for running RHESSys from VIC input met data; 4) Improved VIC by introducing an option that outputting whole
region’s daily results as one single arc/info ascii format grid file which increased the overall computational efficiency by about 70%;
5) Added a sub-routine in RHESSys to read netcdf format metdata; 6) Made a simulation with VIC for the period of 1915-2006 over the
PNW.
Progress in Dataset Development and Offline Simulations
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Fractional vegetation cover with 1-km resolution aggregated from CDL data sets (Left: Corn; Right: Winter Wheat)
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Offline VIC simulations: the anomalies of evapotranspiration, runoff, and precipitation during 1915-2006 over the Pacific
North West (PNW)
19151918
19211924
19271930
19331936
19391942
19451948
19511954
19571960
19631966
19691972
19751978
19811984
19871990
19931996
19992002
2005-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400Precipitation
ET
5-year Mov. Avg. (ET)
Runoff
5-year Mov. Avg. (Runoff)
Year
An
omal
ies
(mm
per
yea
r)
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Linear trend of estimated annual ET and runoff with VIC model and the precipitation during 1915-2006 (unit: percentage)
ET Runoff Precipitation
Offline VIC simulations
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N Fixation Addition to RHESSys
• Current N cycle structurePSN: Farquhar model + Soil mineral N available
• Soil mineral N-avail: decomposition + uptake - denitrification• Potential PSN (farq): N demand• If soil mineral N-avail < N demand, reduce PSN
• N fixation addition• If soil mineral N-avail < N demand, use some PSN to fix N• At carbon costs, as a function of temperature
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Modified after “Map of Oregon showing the Willamette and Deschutes Basins” (http://pnwho.forestry.oregonstate.edu/site/index.php)
Wet Site: Mckenzie River Watershed(Willamette River
Basin)
Dry Site: TBD(Deschutes River
Basin)
McKenzie Deschutes
Willamette
Proposed Focus Sites
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Proposed Research Questions
The following four questions are in line with our milestone for 2012-2013 and each will lead to a publishable manuscript:
• Q1: How does global warming affect N retention and export at a local/patch scale (no redistribution)?
• Q2: How does watershed redistribution of moisture and N input impact N retention and export under global warming?
• Q3: How does model implementation scale affect N retention and export and the sensitivity of N processes?
• Q4: How do changes in species and disturbances in watersheds affect N retention and export?
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NEWS Progress (from John)
• Headway in the development of a global, seasonal NEWS-DIN model, and the insights gained from that effort can be put to use in BioEarth.
• We are also starting to dig into the Millennium Assessment scenario runs for the continental US, an effort which is also relevant to BioEarth, though not a BioEarth product.
• Optimistic about prospects for bringing a good student on board for NEWS/BioEarth work in the fall of 2012.
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SAMPLES OF STUDENT DISSERTATION TOPICS
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Kirti Rajagopalan, Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Research Area: Impacts of climate change on irrigated agricultural productivity in the CRB
• Progress on her dissertation (and towards BioEarth) through our Dep. of Ecology CRB supply and demand forecast
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Tools Developed
• Developed the coupled crop hydrology model VIC-CropSyst
• Developed an integrated framework involving the biophysical components VIC-CropSyst, reservoir modeling and water rights information for curtailment as well as an economics component Columbia River Basin (some components for the Washington part of the Columbia River Basin only)
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Application of tools• To project 2030s water supply and irrigation
demand in the Columbia River Basin• To study the effect of climate change as well
as economics on irrigated agriculture (crop water demand, cropping pattern and crop yield) at the watershed scale.
• Lessons learned will be used the improve the biophysical model components for BioEarth
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Biophysical/Economic Modeling Integration
Biophysical Modeling:VIC-CropSyst, Reservoirs, Curtailment
•Crop Yield (as impacted by climate and water availability)
•Adjusted Crop Acreage
•Selective Deficit Irrigation
1. Water Supply2. Irrigation Water
Demand3. Unmet Irrigation
Water Demand4. Effects on Crop Yield
Economic Modeling:Agricultural Producer Response
Water Management
Scenario
Future Climate Scenario
Inputs Modeling Steps Outputs
Economic Scenario
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Keyvan Malek, Biological Systems Engineering
• Research Area: VIC-CropSyst Case study on Yakima River basin irrigated agriculture– Climate change impacts– Impacts of irrigation efficiency on distribution of
crop yield across the basin– Nitrogen efficiency
• Progress towards BioEarth development– Generation of soil file over PNW and western US
domains (with Roger Nelson)– Improvement of VIC-CropSyst dynamic coupling
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Julian Reyes, Civil and Environmental Engineering (NSPIRE)
• Research Question: How does atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (ADN) change in response to global change, and how does this deposition affect nutrient cycling and potential C sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere?– Investigation through empirical and process-based
models (i.e. RHESSys, nitrogen dilution curve)– In particular, look at grasslands and forests.
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Justin Poinsatte, Biological SciencesWhat are the impacts of atmospheric
nitrogen deposition on sensitive, high elevation ecosystems?
Influences on: Biogeochemica
l cycling Vegetation
physiology Microbial and
vegetation communities
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Ecosystem Modeling• Determine response to N deposition
Field Experiment• N deposition levels as field treatments
Analysis• Parameterize model with field data
• Compare model output to field measurements
DEAD PLANTMATERIAL
METABOLIC
STRUCTURAL
PLANT COMPONENTS
LEAVES
FINE ROOTS
BRANCHES
LARGE WOOD
LARGEROOTS
NO3- NH4
+
0-1 cm1-4 cm4-15 cm
15-30 cmetc.
0-15 cm
SOM
ACTIVE0.5-1 yr
SLOW10-50 yr
PASSIVE1000-5000 yr
H2Osoil
Tsoil
0-1 cm1-4 cm
4-15 cm15-30 cm
etc.
N GAS0-1 cm1-4 cm
4-15 cm15-30 cm
etc.
C:N
CO2
S,Rh
PPT,V,L
C:N
V
SC:N
CO2
CO2
CH4
Uptake
DecompRh S
Rh
S
S
NPP
DAYCENT MODEL
Parton et al. 1998Kelly et al. 2000Del Grosso et al. 2001
S=soil typeV=veg typeL=land use
Research Approach
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N Deposition Sarah Anderson, Biological Sciences
15N18O
Δ17O
Research Questions•What are the sources contributing N deposition?
•What are the patterns of N transport?
•What effect does this have to sensitive ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest?
Goal: Answer these questions by combining stable isotope techniques &
regional modeling
Current Projects Analyzing
NADP Samples & Snowpack