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Transcript of All Groups
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TRANSITIONELEMENTS
REPRESENTATIVEELEMENTS
Groups 3-12 Groups 1, 2, 13 -18
ELEMENTS
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STATES OF MATTER
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Group 1 - the Alkali Metals
Group 2 - the Alkaline Earth etals
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Groups 1 and 2
very reactive
always found in nature combined with otherelements.
all are metals except , the first element in Group 1
is placed in Group 1
but shares properties with Group 1 and Group 1!.
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silvery solids with "
- low densities
#soft can be cut with $nife%
- low meltin& points
Group 1 : Alkali Metals
'eact by losin& 1 electron
are more reactive as you move down the column
explosively reactive with water (a) and *) are important in our cells
+ommonl forms salts #(a+l% and oxides
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
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denser
harder
hi&her meltin& point
less reactive
Group 2 : Alkaline Earth Metals
than the al$ali metal in the same period.
important in our bodies
+a #teeth, bones,muscles%
#/, 0(, '(%
'eact by losin& 2 electrons
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Groups
13 - 18
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Groups 1 and 2
all solids
all metals
Groups 13-18
a sin&le &roup can contain
metals
nonmetals
metalloids
solids
liuids
&ases.
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Group 1!" the #oronFail$
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Group 13The Boron Family
all are metals except Boron a !rittle semi-metal
"#E# $F B$%$&
emi-conductors
ssential plant nutrient
4oric acid
- deter&ent- insecticide- eye wash
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luminum
ost abundant metal in arth5s crust
6i&ht wei&ht, non-corrosive metal
"#E#
+ans, luminum foil
/ots and pans
/lanes
0oors, windows
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Gallium solid metal
melts at 37 +melts in your hand.
semiconductors.
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"Group
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non-metal
base of all livin& thin&s
'G(9+ +9':
49+9':
study of chemical reactions of + compounds in ourbody
exists as an element in several forms.
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Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
0iamonds- ardest material and form of +
- ;se < =ewellry, drill bits
Graphite
- oftest form of +
- ;sed as lubricant, pencils, semiconductor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png -
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9-6
ilicon Germanium
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he heaviest elements in Group 1>.
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Group 1(" the Nitro)enGroup
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reuired by livin& thin&s proteins
Genetic material - 0(
ner&y stora&e - /
(9'G( (0 //';
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87 ? of atmosphere is (2#diatomic atom%
(o color, taste, smell and non-toxic
ostly 9('
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@e can5t use
(2&as in the air.
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;
fertiliAers.
cleaner and disinfectant when dissolved in water.
e.&. @index
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'($#'($%"#
A))$T%$'E#1% *(+TE#very reactive%
can5t be exposed to oxy&en in the air or it will
burst into flames.
2% %E,#less reactive%
used in matches
i&nites from the heat produced by friction
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(96 B'
healthy teeth and bones.
/lants
< included in plantfertiliAers
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Group 1*" the O+$)en Group
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heavier members
ellurium
/olonium both metalloids.
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27 ? of atmosphere readily combines with other elements
abundant in arth5s roc$s and minerals
reuired for combustion #respiration%
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;//' /'
/rotects us from ;C radiation from sun
6@' /'
Bormed by car pollution
- part of smo& < toxic and irritant
0.00006%
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eeth whitener
eeth whitener
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one of the most commonly used chemicals in theworld.
D ) )
"#E#
+ar batteries
paints
fertiliAers deter&ents
synthetic fibers
rubber
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conducts electricity when exposed to li&ht
"#E#
solar cells
li&ht meters
photo&raphic materials.
race amounts necessary for &ood health
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Group 1," the alo)ens
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Group , . The halo)ens
B
+l
4r
9
t
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F - brown gasCl - green gas
Br - liquid
I - solid
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Decreasing
reactivity
4) Reactivity DECREASES as you go down te grou!
Bluorine E +hlorine E 4romine E 9odine
F
Cl
Br
I
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means Fsalt-former.
1% ll form salts with (a and with the other al$alimetals.
"a
#
Cl
-
"a Cl#
A$%A$I &etal # 'alogen I("IC SA$
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' Cl# Cl '
B
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Cl Cl
B2
+l2
4r2
92
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Added to drin*ing water and toot!asteto !rotect teet
EF$("
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Disin+ect water
Bleac ,witener)
.C
'Cl acid
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disin+ectant in water treat&ent
+ire retardant ce&icals
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/oiter0 iodine de+iciency
,added to salt to !revent it)
Antise!tic
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Group 1/ . The No'le )ases
e
(e
r
*r
He
'n
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&$B)E GA#E#
ave B;66 valence shell
e D 2, others D 8
reactivity is very low D almost 9('
rarely combine with other elements
;sually found uncombined in nature.
(E)+"M
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(E)+"Mligter ten air
used in balloons and airsi!s
1ill run out in 23-3 yrs
esca!es to outer s!ace
&E$& )+G(T#
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&E$& )+G(T#
&E$& )+G(T#
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&E$& )+G(T# ach noble &as produces a uniue color.
elium < yellow
(eon - red-oran&e
r&on - blue-violet *rypton - white
Henon - blue
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r&on
used in incandescent li&hts to conserve
filament
*rypton < cheap car li&hts
Henon < expensive car li&hts
strobe li&hts.
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%A,$&-radioactive &as
-colorless, orderless, tasteless &as
-produced naturally as uranium decays in roc$sand soil
- can cause lun& cancer
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TRANSITIONELEMENTS
REPRESENTATIVEELEMENTS
Groups 3-12 Groups 1, 2, 13 -18
ELEMENTS
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TRANSITION
ELEMENTSrepresent the transitionbeteen !ro"p # elements an$ !ro"p & elements.
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ll l
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ll are metals.
their properties don5t chan&e as much asrepresentative elements when &oin& across aperiod.
ost are found in nature as
' -metal combined with otherelements
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/fontbote/teaching/lehne_oredressing/2_callion_ore.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/fontbote/teaching/lehne_oredressing/lehne_oredressing.html&usg=__ZDFv5rmcQBz0EmR8gVzed7cvxzQ=&h=517&w=780&sz=81&hl=es&start=4&um=1&tbnid=r4XrnS-V4sKITM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.icon-treasures.com/silver2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.icon-treasures.com/silver2.html&usg=__EG-UzeYWjUOkyjsBNtTHafIwx50=&h=413&w=400&sz=27&hl=es&start=9&um=1&tbnid=8GvtvX03ITxA3M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsilver%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/usa/images-3/iron-ore.jpg&imgrefurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/usa/pages-3/Parents-arrested-after-making-child-eat-iron-weights-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html&usg=__MWDZuERvtLizTzHNG7lhxv_zYzY=&h=335&w=360&sz=103&hl=es&start=1&um=1&tbnid=qsEinDqKXKnvfM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diron%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 -
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"#E#
ost have hi&her meltin& points than the
representative elements.
;(G( D the filaments of li&ht bulbs
the hi&hest m.p. of any metal #3,>17I+%
wont melt when a current passes throu&h it.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5076945/220932_Full.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ehow.com/about_5076945_halogen-lights.html&usg=__wOionmixZMjNj5DpSDYx-RQzP9E=&h=375&w=500&sz=21&hl=es&start=13&um=1&tbnid=X04pW39mgMiIuM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtungsten%2Bfilament%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1 -
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ME%"%.
has the lowest m.p. of any metal #
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+%$& T%+A,
all have ma&neticproperties.
three elements in period > with very similar
properties- 9ron
- +obalt
- (ic$el
+%$& T%+A,
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+%$& T%+A,
9ndustrial ma&nets- an alloy of nic$el, cobalt, and aluminum.
(i+ad batteries D (ic$el ) +admium.
9ron - part of hemo&lobin, transports oxy&enin the blood.
6 D Be ) other metals ) +
$)$%
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hospitalitywholesale.com.au/products/heavy-duty-stainless-steel-bucket1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wholesalekitchenware.com.au/kitchen-miscellaneous-buckets/heavy-duty-stainless-steel-bucket-buckets.html&usg=__fher0NXsxhQ2eloWkgF7IHPRG04=&h=400&w=400&sz=15&hl=es&start=14&um=1&tbnid=yvQr_u9Z9nX5JM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstainless%2Bsteel%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.electronicsnmore.com/images/batt-511.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.electronicsnmore.com/index.php%3Fmanufacturers_id%3D12&usg=__NORKA8dkacFmV_yYKj7iHbyOP84=&h=440&w=440&sz=134&hl=es&start=5&um=1&tbnid=ySr4mXuoMKV7vM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnicad%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1 -
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$)$%
any transition elements form substances with
brilliant colors.
ex. +obalt < blue
+opper < &reen
luminum oxide - red
(46 6
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Gold ilver
/latinum
'uthenium
'hodium
/alladium smium
9ridium
9(' #or almost% do not combine easily with
other elements.
do not oxidiAe maintain their shine
can be used as catalysts.
(46 6
+6:
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+6:
a substance that can ma$e somethin& happen
faster but is not chan&ed itself.
ex. /latinum
(ic$el
Kinc
+obalt.
(2) platinum(2) 2) platinum
+&&E% T%A+T+$& E)EME&T#
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+&&E% T%A+T+$& E)EME&T#
2 series1%)A&T(A&+,E#
2% +9(90
T(E )A&T(A&+,E#
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/%A%E EA%T( META)#0
ctually very common < not so rare
difficult to separate because so similar in properties
AT+&+,E#
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AT+&+,E#
all radioactive
nuclei are unstable and decay to form other elements
nly natural +9(90 on arth
#because of lon& half-life%
horium < 1> billion years
/rotactinium < 32,777 years
;ranium L >.M billion years
#.&T(ET+ AT+&+,E#
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#.&T(ET+ AT+&+,E#
made in nuclear power plants or labs by crashin& nuclear particleswith each other
HALF-LIVES
'ost (ery short
"#E#
/lutonium - nuclear weapons
mericium - smo$e detectors.
+alifornium-2M2 - $ill cancer cells.
(A)F )+E#
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)n"nocti"m * ms Ra$on &.+#&,-* $
)n"nsepti"m *0 ms 'en$ele(i"m *.* $
)n"nhei"m #0 ms Fermi"m 00.* $
)n"npenti"m m /insteini"m .#-## y)n"n"a$i"m .&& m 1romethi"m 2.2& y
Darmsta$ti"m , m 3ctini"m #.2+6* y
Roent!eni"m 0 m 1oloni"m 0#. y
)n"ntri"m #0 m Californi"m -00.6 y
Franci"m #.2 m Ber4eli"m &2- y'eitneri"m &0 m Ra$i"m .*-50&y
)n"nbi"m ,0 m 3merici"m 2&++ y
assi"m . h 1rotactini"m ++ y
Bohri"m .* h Nept"ni"m #.,**506y
7eabor!i"m .-, h 8echneti"m ,.#506y
Nobeli"m #.2+ h C"ri"m .*6502y
D"bni"m *.*6 h 1l"toni"m 2.-&502y
3statine +.06 h )rani"m ,.,250-y
Larenci"m 0 h 8hori"m .,06500y
R"therfor$i"m &. h Bism"th .-50-y
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,entistry and ,ental Materials
0entists have been usin& amal&am for over1M7 years to fill cavities in decayed teeth.
6G
D silver ) copper ) tin ) mercury
D Fsilver fillin&.
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